Monday, May 18, 2026

Ea: Saturn in the Middle East.

I've decided to split my "Saturn: The Demon Deity Unveiled" post into separate posts, mainly due to the weird fact that I cannot seem to edit that post anymore. Maybe I added too much stuff to that post? Either way, I hope that splitting that massive post up will be easier for people to read. 


Part 1: Ea.

Ea on the Adda Seal (The British Museum, cylinder seal [The Adda Seal]):

The full seal:

Ea is the second male deity from the right with the eagle/Zu bird on his right arm, the bull in between his legs, and the streams of water with fish coming out of his body (The British Museum, cylinder seal [The Adda Seal], Description).

Now, we'll investigate the god of each religion that best matches Saturn. We'll start off with the Middle East, and this is where we'll meet the god of the Bible and Quran.

Our journey begins with Ea. Ea, also called Enki (which means "lord of the earth"), is the "lord of the earth," and the "god of water" or "fresh waters beneath the earth," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ea). Ea was also spelled "Hea" (Smith, 1876, pp. 52-53), Eau (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1 p. 188 note 2) (Espak, 2006, 2.2.1 [p. 1; p. 33 if downloaded] note 136 [translated from French]), and finally Ia, Iau, and Iao (Jensen, 1890, p. 271 [German]) (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1 p. 188 note 2) (Maranz, 2023 [preprint], pp. 22-23; p. 23 note 38). Enki is his Sumerian name (Kramer and Maier, 1989 [2020 edition], p. 10) (Espak, 2006, 2.1) (Darshan, 2023, p. 104), and Ea is his Semitic or Semitic Akkadian name (Kramer and Maier, 1989 [2020 edition], pp. 4 and 10) (Espak, 2006, 2.2, 2.2.3 [p. 2], and 2.3 [pp. 2-3]) (Darshan, 2023, p. 104). On the An=Anum list, a list of Sumerian deities, Enki and Ea are equated to Ea (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 83 and 87). I'm going to call him Ea for now on.

There is a cylinder seal in the British Museum that showcases Sumerian gods. Called the Adda Seal, it presents Ea with an eagle or Zu bird on his right arm and a "couchant bull" in between his legs (The British Museum, cylinder seal [The Adda Seal], Description). Houghton (1884) has stated that the eagle, and even other birds, have been equated to being the Zu bird (p. 120). Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) said that Enki "may also hold the eagle-like Imdugud (thunder) bird, thus signifying clouds rising from the waters." Espak (2006) said that the bird on the Adda Seal is the Anzu bird, or an eagle (4.4. Representations of Ea/Enki in Old-Akkadian Glyptic Art, Figure 5). With this in mind, I'm going to equate the bird on Ea's arm in the Adda Seal to the eagle. Interestingly, Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) said that Enki stands on an ibex (pp. 89-90). This might be the bull referenced on the Adda Seal. Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]) said that an ibex is in between Enki's legs on the Adda Seal (p. 122). Bois (2010) said that Enki was symbolized by the bull (p. 363). Abraham (2009) said that Enki was called the "'Great Bull,'" and "the Lord of the Earth" (p. 23):
There is the possibility that the bull, or ibex, was actually a goat. The goat-fish is a symbol of Ea. In fact, "So close to Enki is the goat-fish, it comes to represent Enki himself," (Kramer and Maier, 1989 [2020 edition], p. 123). In a relief called "'The Enthroned Enki'," the goat-fish is under Ea's feat while Ea holds an overflowing vase with water and fish coming out of it. The goat-fish has one forelimb standing up and the other down, and its horns are short (Kramer and Maier, 1989 [2020 edition], p. 123 Figure 3):
On the "Babylonian boundary stone of the Kassite Dynasty of the Second Millennium BC," a "goat-fish (ibex) symbol and ram symbolize Enki," (Boulary, 1999, p. 66; Figure 20):
I do not believe that the animal on the Adda Seal is an ibex because the ibex has very long, and wavy, horns (San Diego Zoo, Animals, Nubian Ibex). This is similar to the depiction on the Babylonian boundary stone. Therefore, I'm going with a goat being in between Ea's legs on the Adda Seal. The goat-fish makes Ea the Saturn of the Middle-Eastern pantheon. Since Uranus was also Saturn, as stated previously, this makes Ea both Saturn and Uranus. Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]) said that "Virtually all the characteristics of Enki find their way into the complex that was Cronus/Saturn," (p. 172). Other symbols, and depictions, of Ea are the streams of water with fish, and the turtle (University of Pennsylvania, 
ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea, Ea's creatures: Iconography). We can see the stream of water with fish, and the goat-fish, in The Enthroned Enki relief. There were "snake figurines and fish offerings" to Ea at Eridu (Espak, 2006, General Conclusions [p. 1]) (Duke, 1971, p. 324 note 27).
These are all astrological symbols. The fish is the astrological sign of Pisces, which represents Jupiter and the Archangel Sachiel (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). Pisces is also the geomantic, and astrological, signs of Neptune and Archangel Asariel (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Asariel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). Both Sachiel and Asariel have Thursday as their special day as well (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Asariel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). This means that Jupiter and Neptune were the same individual. Thierens (1935) said that both "Marduk-Zeus" and Ea are "Pisces (Sagittarius)," (p. 41). The ram is the symbol of Mars, and the Archangel Samael. Samael's special day is Tuesday (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Samael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences), and one of his astrological and geomantic symbols is Scorpio (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Samael-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). Pluto and the Archangel Azrael also has Tuesday as his special day (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Azrael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences), and Scorpio for his astrological and geomantic symbol (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Azrael-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). The turtle is the symbol of Cancer, the moon, and the Archangel Gabriel (Archangels and Angels, The Astrological Correspondences for Cancer) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Gabriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Ea is Saturn-Uranus, Jupiter-Neptune, Mars-Pluto, and the moon. 

We can find other symbols, or depictions, of Ea in the various poems of Mesopotamia. In the "A Shulgi Hymn to Enki," Enki was equated to the bull, and the sun. He is depicted as "Clad in lion-skin," and "in the entire(?) heavens." He also has some connection to the dragon. In the commentary to the poem, Mark E. Cohen said that there are multiple interpretations of the passage regarding Enki, the lion, and the dragon. What sticks out to me the most is that he said the lion and dragon are probably symbols of Enki's religion that we just don't know about yet. The dragon is called Mus-hus. As for Ea being the sun, Cohen suggests that Enki is probably the rising sun coming out of the Abzu (Apsu). He also said that the sun could be referring to Enki's priests, but said later that this doesn't seem likely. Therefore, Enki is most likely the sun (Cohen, 2005; in Sefati et al., 2005, pp. 74-80). Ea as the bull is the astrological symbol of Taurus, the planet Venus, and the Archangel Anael (Archangels and Angels, The Astrological Correspondences for Taurus) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Anael-Angelic and Planetary Symbols) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Anael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Interestingly, the ram is also one of the symbols of Taurus (Archangels and Angels, The Astrological Correspondences for Taurus). Regarding Ea's relationship with the sun and the lion, this would equate him to the Archangel Michael (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Michael-Angelic and Planetary Symbols) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Michael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Interestingly, the Archangel Michael is also represented by the Hexagram (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Michael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). 

Ea is also connected to Mercury. Ea's special number is 40, also called d40 (Rollig, 1971, p. 500 [German]) (Parpola, 1993, p. 182 notes 87-88) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea). Mercury in Mesopotamia is called Nabu (Green, 2015, pp. 71). Nabu's special number is also 40 (Parpola, 1993, p. 183 Figure 9) (Toorn, 1999; in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 892). This means that Ea and Nabu were the same deity. This makes Ea and Nabu the Archangel Raphael (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Raphael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences).

Being Saturn means that Ea ruled the Seventh Heaven. Being Jupiter means that Ea also ruled the Sixth Heaven (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). He ruled the Fifth Heaven as Mars (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Samael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). As the moon, Ea ruled the First Heaven, which is also called Shamayim (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Gabriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Being Venus means that Ea ruled the Second Heaven (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Anael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Being the sun means that Ea rules the Fourth Heaven. As Mercury, Ea is the ruler of the Third Heaven (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Raphael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). In total, Ea rules the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Heavens.  

According to Margoliouth (1868), Ea is usually in a triad, or trinity, made up of Anu, Enlil, and himself. However, Ea's religion is way older. Margoliouth quotes Professor Maspero in saying that Ea was "'the most active and energetic member of the triad.'" In fact, "'Anu and Bel (Enlil), together with all the living creatures,' had sprung from Ea," (in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74, pp. 584-585). Margoliouth said that Ea would've been the top god instead of Anu if it wasn't for the "political motives and 'local vanity' (that) had not proved too strong for the theologians of the day," (p. 585). 

Ea religion started in Eridu, which was "the cradle of civilization," according to Margoliouth (Margoliouth, 1868; in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74, p. 587). The latest date that I have found for Eridu goes back to about 5,800 B.C., based on an excavation of some buildings (Liverani, 2013, pp. 51-52):
Another building, a shrine, excavated at Eridu goes back to 5,200 B.C. (Tobolczyk, 2020, p. 128 Figure 266):
Enlil's city, Nippur (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Nippur, para. 1), goes back to about 5,000 B.C. (Gibson, 1993). Uruk/Erech, Anu's city, probably goes back to "before 5,000 B.C." (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Erech), or "at the end of the 5th millennium B.C." (van Ess, 2013; in Crusemann et al., 2013 [2019 edition], p. 21). This would be "before 4,000 B.C." (Potts, 2013; in Crusemann et al., 2013 [2019 edition], p. 2). I would say that Uruk/Erech appeared around 5,000-4,000 B.C. This would make Eridu the oldest city out of the three, meaning that Ea was the oldest god out of the Sumerian trinity. Eridu was also the first city on the Sumerian King List (Livius, The Sumerian King List). Nippur would probably be the second oldest city, since we have a more approximate date for when it appeared. This would make Enlil the second oldest deity in the Sumerian trinity. Anu would be the youngest deity in the triad, and Uruk/Erech is the youngest city out of the three.

The archaeological findings at Eridu paint an eerily similar picture to Eden and Genesis. Margoliouth (1868) stated that the Garden of Eden itself "has been identified with the holy grove" of Eridu, and Eridu was "the original seaport of Chaldea." The "guardian spirits which Assyrian art represented as kneeling or standing on either side of the sacred palm-tree in the same garden of Eridu" are "the cherubim with flaming sword" in Eden. The "formation of Eve out of a rib taken from Adam" seems to "parallel" the "self-reduplication of the primitive gods" to create goddesses (p. 581). Ea is the one who saves Sit-Naphishti, who is Noah, during the flood (p. 590). Despite Ea being a third wheel in his triad, he retained a dominant role in the Sin/Nannar religion. This is because the moon god Sin/Nannar was Ea! Sin was the god of "Uru (Ur of the Chaldees in Chaldea)," and he was called "Nannar (the Glorious)" in "Haran in Northern Mesopotamia."  (pp. 582-584). Sin is also the most "human-looking" god in "Babylonain and Assyrian art," which may harken back to the "man was created in God's own image and likeness" in Genesis (p. 591). Sin's worshippers called him the supreme god, which was an "ancient faith." One hymn called Sin/Nannar the "lord of the hosts of heaven," "Master of the earth... father, begotten of gods and men," among other things (p. 583). 

Sayce (1888) reveals more information about the religion of Eridu. Ea was the water god, and his wife Davkina (Damkina) the earth goddess, created everything. Damkina/the earth laid on Ea/the watery abyss. Damkina was seen as the sky, and life originated from Ea/the watery abyss. Ea "took the place of the Sky-god," or Anu, in Eridu (pp. 139 and 144). Ea was the demiurge. A hymn dedicated to Ea called him the one "'who stretches out the firmament, the god of good winds,'" among other things. Of particular note, Ea is the "creator of the pure and the impure.'" Ea created the "'black-headed people,'" which are the Sumerians. He is also credited with creating mankind in general. He is also the god of incantations, and controls the gods "'like a flock,'" (pp. 140-141). Ea is also the slayer of the "'sea monster of chaos.'" He is also "'father Bel,'" (p. 141). A "Babylonian tradition placed" Eden, or Edin, "in the immediate vicinity of Eridu." In fact, a "fragment of an old bilingual hymn" even indicates that a "world tree," similar to the Yggdrasil of Norse mythology, was in Eridu (pp. 238-239). 

Other actions of Ea in human affairs are akin to the actions of the god of the Bible. Ea was the creator of mankind (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ea, para. 2). He combined "the heart of the clay that is over the abyss" with a "creature." The goddesses Nammu ("the primeval sea" and mother of Ea), and Ninmah, help Enki to make the humans as well (Kramer, 1944 [1961 edition], Ch. 2 pp. 69-70). Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]) stated that Enki wasn't always benevolent to humans. He was "depriving humankind of the me of life; by his terrifying humans with his awesome, venomous word; by his putting an end to universal human speech and thus afflicting humankind with the babel of tongues-all because he was jealous of his older brother Enlil. Enki, sad to say, suffered from an inferiority complex," (p. 2):
The biggest action Enki did was send the flood to kill mankind (Spencer, 1915; in Kelly, 1915, Volume 75; Volume 97, p. 314):
This is based on a poem from a collection of tablets found in Nippur (pp. 313, 316-317). The story in which Ea confuses the languages (Babel) is called The Spell of Nudimmud (Lowery, 2013, pp. 227-228). So far, Ea matches the persona of the god of the Bible. In fact, now would be a good time to introduce the god of the Bible.

The Tetragrammaton (Ortlepp, 2010, p. 41), or YHVH (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3068. Yhvh [Yehovah]) (Bible Hub, Strong’s Hebrew. 3069. Yhvh [Yehoveh]) comes in many forms: "Ya," "Yaw," "Yahu," and "Yah" (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Biglino, 2013, p. 63). From what I've found, it's also spelled as YHWH. There are also two main spellings of it: "YHW" and "YHWH." The spelling of the name as "YHW" is found on a Judean coin from the 4th century BC (399-300 BC) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). YHW is also found on a "folded lead tablet" that contained a curse proclaimed by the god. The tablet dates back to the "Late Bronze Age II" (Stripling et al., 2023, Abstract; Paleographic analysis of the "Inner B" inscription). The date given by the authors is the middle-late 13th century BC (1250-1200 BC) (The archaeological context, para. 1-2). Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) said that YHW means "Yaw," and that the translation of the name as "Yahweh" or "Jehovah" never existed (p. 43).

According to Ortlepp (2011), the spelling of the name as "YHWH" is the proper one because it has been written the most. YHW, and even YH, are not the proper spelling. As for archeological finds, the spelling of the name can be seen on the Mesha stele, which dates to the 9th century BC (p. 41) (Biblical Archeology Society, 2013, para. 3). The Mesha stele is also called the Moabite stone (Biblical Archeology Society, 2013, Biblical Artifacts Found Outside the Trench: The Moabite Stone, para. 3). The stele/stone helped the tetragrammaton to be known by Israel's and Judah's neighbors (Drummond, 2023, para. 6). Interestingly, the Mesha stele is later (9th century BC) than the Late Bronze Age 2 tablet's spelling of the god's name (13th century BC)... 

An older spelling of the name, "YHW3," was found in Egypt from 1390-1352 BC. This form of the name is associated with a people called the Shasu (Fleming, 2020, Ch. 2 p. 23). It was found in a temple of Amun-Ra in Soleb (Kennedy, 2019, p. 175 and p. 176 Figure 1; pp. 183-184 Figures 5-6a). However, the spelling of the name could also be YHW (Najovits, 2003, p. 198) (Murdock, 2014, p. 186), or YHWA (Hen, 2021, p. 4). Kennedy (2019) said that YHWH was also spelled "I-H-W3-3," and Shasu was spelled "S3SW" (p. 177). Clarke (2005) spells YHWH as "IHUH" or "YHUH" (Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt). Massey (1907) also stated that the Tetragrammaton in Egyptian was IHUH (Vol. 1, pp. 498-499, and 519). "S3SW" and "YHW3" (IHW33) were also found at Amara from the early 13th century BC (1400 BC) (Kennedy, 2019, pp. 177 and 189). It seems that the tetragrammaton (YHVH, YHWH, YHW3, and IHW33) is older than YHW. The "3," or two commas, is Egyptian in origin (Hen, 2021, p. 4). It's unknown precisely what it sounded like, but comparing it to the Semitic dialect, it probably made an "R" and "J" sound (Peust, 1999, p. 127 [in Gottingen, 1999]).

As for trying to pronounce the name properly, nobody seems to know how to do that (Drummond, 2023, para. 4-5). However, given the fact that Israelites used this god's name in their own names (Ex.: Elijah, Jeremiah, etc.), then that might be a way of saying the name (para. 4). Using "Yaw" as inspiration, I'm assuming the pronunciation is "Jah/Iah." A very helpful tip comes from an Egyptian god named Iah (Hart, 2005, p. 77). Also spelled "Iu" in Egyptian, this god had the same name as YHWH as Iah (Massey, 1907 [2013 edition], Vol. 1, p. 501). Iah (pronounced "Yah") is also found in the Ars Goetia Corpus, a supposed magic book belonging to King Solomon (Karnas, 2020, Sayfa 5, Presentation). As for the "WH" in the name, or "W3," it seems that it was pronounced as "U" (Clarke, 2005, Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt):

Pic 1:

Pic 2:

Parke-Taylor (1975 [2006 edition]) said that several pronunciations have been put forth. YH was "IH," Egyptian for "moon," and WH was "one." The whole name in Egyptian was "Yah-We," but "Yah-Weh" in Semitic. This was put forth by Norman Walker. However, both Friedrich Delitzsch and John Allegro say that YHWH came from the Babylonian, and Akkadian, word "IA-U" (p. 49). Iah's name in Egyptian is also "IH" (Garcia-Fernandez, 2017, p. 222, Abstract). The Greek version of the name is IAO (Diodorus Sicullus, The Library of History, Book 1, Ch. 94, Section 2) (Massey, 1907 [2013 edition], Vol. 1, p. 506).

If IH (YH) is "Iah" (Garcia-Fernandez, 2017, p. 222, Abstract) (Massey, 1907, p. 498) and WH is "U" (Clarke, 2005) (Parke-Taylor, 1975 [2006 edition], p. 49 [Akkadian form of YHWH]). Therefore, the name could be spelled, and pronounced, as "Iahu." This was stated in Massey (1907) (Vol. 1, pp. 498-499). Another form of this is "Yahu" (Biglino, 2013, p. 63) (Romer, 2015, pp. 30 and 32) or Yaho (Romer, 2015, pp. 30-32). "Yah[u]" is in Isaiah's name, based on a bulla discovered with his name on it (Shuster, 2018, para. 6). It seems that the Egyptian form of the Tetragrammaton is IHW33, while the Hebrew version of the name is YHW3/YHWH. 

However, after looking at the Soleb inscription of the Tetragrammaton myself, and after spending weeks trying to read Egyptian hieroglyphs and learn Hebrew, it seems that the Egyptian Tetragrammaton is actually "YH3U," "YH3W," or "YH3O." 

Egyptian Tetragrammaton inscription from the Amon-Ra temple in Soleb (Kennedy, 2019, p. 183 Figure 5):

Using Figure 5 from Kennedy (2019), the hieroglyphs are two reeds, a house, a vulture (although Titus said this was a hawk [p. 184]), and a rope that looks like a noose. The two reeds are either "i" or "y," the house is an "h," the vulture is a "3" (two commas) or an "a," and the lasso (noose) is either "ua" or "o" (Budge, 1920 [2010 edition], Vol. 1, pp. xi, xiii, xxvi, xliv, 1ix-lxi, cxxii, 144, 438, and 592) (Frazer, 2012, pp. 64, 69-70, and 81) (University of Memphis, Institute of Egyptian Art and Archeology: Events: Write Your Name in Hieroglyphs) (Australian Museum, Documents: Egyptian Hieroglyphs). Based on most of my sources, it seems that the lasso is an "o." 

Egyptian lasso hieroglyph (Frazer, 2012, p. 81):
Rope (lasso) hieroglyph (Australian Museum, Documents: Egyptian Hieroglyphs):
Egyptian alphabet hieroglyphs (University of Memphis, Institute of Egyptian Art and Archeology: Events: Write Your Name in Hieroglyphs):
We read hieroglyphs from top-to-bottom. The hieroglyph figures are also facing the right in the Soleb inscription, so we need to read from right-to-left. So it's top-to-bottom, right-to-left (Glassgolife, How to read Egyptian hieroglyphs) (Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Lesson 1). At first, I got "YH3O" or "YHAO." After re-reading Kennedy (2019), it's suppose to be YHO3 because the falcon (vulture) is the last hieroglyph (p. 184). The lasso is slightly above the vulture, and directly underneath the house. This gives us YHO3/YHOA instead of YH3O/YHOA. It made sense to me after I saw a similar example from the Egyptian Hieroglyphs website using the name Amun (imn) (Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Lesson 1):
Now, the vulture hieroglyph ("3"/"a") is a glottal stop in ancient Egyptian. A modern example is saying "thro'le" in English instead of "throttle" (don't say the "t" sound) (Zauzich and Roth, 1992, p. 10) (McDermott, 2001 [2016 edition], p. 22). Therefore, pronouncing the Egyptian Tetragrammaton would be something like "YHO'." The "y" in the Egyptian language sounded like "ee" (Frazer, 2012, p. 69), so the sound would've been "EEHO'." 


As for the Hebrew Tetragrammaton, the ancient Jewish writer Josephus said that the Tetragrammaton consisted of "four vowels" (Josephus, Jewish War, Book 5, Ch. 5, Section 7). I've read various ways to try and pronounced the Tetragrammaton, but I think I've found my own way to pronounce it. Hebrew is read from left-to-right (Clarke, 2005, Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt). First, I using the words "Jews" and "Judah" for help. The hei (H) in both words are either silent, or help the yod (Y). In Hebrew, the word "Jewish" or "Jews" is "Yehudi." However, the "Ye-" (yod with a vowel underneath it) is "Je-," and the "-u" is the hei plus the vav with a vowel on the left side of it. However, the word in English is "Jews" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew. 3064. Yehudi). In Hebrew, the word "Judah" is Yehudah. The "Yehu-" part is the same as in Yehudi/Jews, but comes out as "Ju-" in English for Judah. The last hei is connected to a letter with a vowel underneath it in Yehudah (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew. 3063. Yehudah), so the hei would probably show in the Hebrew Tetragrammaton. 

Tetragrammaton (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3068. Yhvh ["Yehovah"]):
Yehudi (Jewish/Jews) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3064. Yehudi):
Yehudah (Judah) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3063. Yehudah):
Notice how Yehudi and Yehudah have the Hebrew letters yod, hei, and vav, in them. These are the first three words in the Tetragrammaton (Yhvh). 

Just when I thought that the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton was "Yehuh," the name Ea throws a monkey wrench into this idea. Margoliouth (1868) said that Ea, Sin/Nannar, and the god Aa/Ya, are El Elyon and Yahweh (in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74, pp. 586-589). In fact, "The name Yahweh" was "lengthened, as archaeologists rightfully think, from Aa or Ya," (p. 587). Jensen (1890) said that Ea was also spelled as "Ia" (p. 271 [German]). Cook (1914) said that the name Iao comes from the name Ea/Eau, also spelled Iau, and is Ea (Vol. 1, p. 188 note 2; p. 228). Iao "corresponds to the Ju in Jupiter, and the Iac in Iacchus (Dionysus)," (Bennett, 1880, p. 523). Clay (1923) said that "the pronunciation of" Ea "is certainly very close to Jah," (p. 102). In Exodus 3:14, Yhvh told Moses "Ehyeh asher ehyeh" (Bible Hub, Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]). Rossel (2007) said that Ehyeh is a name for God (p. 87). The Jewish letters yod and hei for "yeh," which are the first two letters of Yhvh (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3068. Yhvh), are in Ehyeh (Bible Hub, Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]). Kitz (2018) said that Yhwh and Enki/Ea got their names from the root words "hwy" and "hyy," pronounced "haya and/or haway." "Hwy" for Yhwh means "to be," and "hyy" for Ea means "to live" (Abstract). Kitz also said that Ea's name is "a Stative third person masculine singular verb." It can be spelled as haya, hayay, hawa, haway, yahwa, yahayya, among others (p. 212). The spelling of the name as yahway is "attested in the Egyptian Shasu texts, the earliest form which dates to ca. 1388-1351 (B.C.)." It's also in the later "epithet yahwe sebaot," (p. 214). Rossel (2007) said that YHVH, and Ehyeh, have the same root word that means '''to be' or 'to exist'" (p. 87). Ehyeh is actually the word hayah (Bible Hub, Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 1961. hayah), and the letters yod and hei are in hayah too (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 1961. hayah). 

Espak (2006) said that the "'e" in Ea originated in the proto-Akkadian language as "ha." Then, it turned into "'a." Finally, "'a" turned into '''e." In total, Ea would've been pronounced as "ha-a" in Akkadian originally, and then the name turned into "Ea" (2.2.1 [pp. 1-2]). Ha-a looks like the word hayah, or haway. Espak also said that the root word for Ea is, at best, "*hyy" (2.2.1 [p. 3]). Deitrich and Loretz (1999) said that the name Ea, according to E. Lipinski, is written as "Hyn" in Ugaritic literature. This would render the name as "Hayan or Heyan." Lipinski also said that the "sound 'e" was turned into "'a for a |ha|." This would turn the original spelling of the name "'E-a-an (or similar) to Hyn," (in Dietrich and Loretz, 1999 [2000 edition], Vol. 31 pp. 165 and 168). Dietrich and Loretz said that, outside of Ugaritic poetry, the name Ea has "the initial vocal sound of the name with the laryngeal stop (Alif)," (p. 169). This brings us back to Exodus 3:14. For the word Ehyeh, there is an alef (the letter "a") (Jewish Virtual Library, The Hebrew Alphabet [Aleph-Bet]) in front of the word hayah. This would translate into "'Ahayah" (or "Aahayah") (Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]):
This would make 'Ahayah the Israelite spelling of the name Ea.


It's inescapable to me now that Yhvh is actually the name of Ea. Ea was the original "supreme god" of the first "primeval form of faith." He was later split into different deities. The monotheistic faith of Ea-Ya-Yahweh survived though, mainly through the Hebrews (Margoliouth, 1868; in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74, p. 592). 

The root word for Yhvh is havah (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3068. Yhvh, NAS Exhaustive Concordance):
Havah means "to become," (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 1933b. havah):
Havah is actually spelled "hava'" (or havaa) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 1933. hava'):
The alef is silent (Jewish Virtual Library, The Hebrew Alphabet [Aleph-Bet]) (Jewfaq, The Hebrew Alphabet), so that seems to be why there's an apostrophe in place of it.

With hayah, the yod and hei spell "yah" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 1961. hayah):
Both hayah, and havah, mean "to become" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 1961. hayah) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 1933b. havah). It seems that "hwy" from Kitz (2018) could be havah, while hyy is hayah.

As for yod and hei in the Tetragrammaton, it spelled out "Yah," (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3050. Yah):
Yah is the "contrasted form of" the Tetragrammaton (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3050. Yah, Strong's Lexicon: Word Origin). 

Taking everything together, the Tetragrammaton comes out as "Yahavah." 

The final "h" in Yhvh could be a "'matres lectionis'" for the final vowel, and it might've been silent. Its purpose would be to make the vowel that was before it short (Ortlepp, 2010, pp. 146-147):

According to Garrett and DeRouchie (2009 [2019 edition]), the mater (matres) lectionis "does not count as a consonant or close a syllable," but "is simply a vowel," (Ch. 2: Pointed Vowel Letters and the Silent Shewa, E. The Basics of Syllable Division):

Joshua, spelled Yehoshua (or Yehoshua') in Hebrew, has yod, hei, and vav, in it. The name originated "from Yhvh and yasha" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3091. Yehoshua [Yehoshua'], Strong's Concordance; NAS Exhaustive Concordance):
With our new spelling of Yhvh, it seems that Joshua could've been spelled as Yahavashua' (or Yahavashuaa). 

The Jews would've named themselves after their god, leading to the creation of the name "Jew." Clarke (2005) stated this as well (Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt). Interestingly, there is no letter for w in the Hebrew language. The vav is a "v," or an "o" or "u."

Hebrew alphabet (Jewish Virtual Library, The Hebrew Alphabet [Aleph-Bet]):
Hebrew alphabet (Jewfaq, The Hebrew Alphabet):
This also helps to support hwy being havah instead of "haway."

Rev. Taylor (1833) said that "JEUE" means Jew when "pronounced as one syllable," and when the word "Pater, or father," is added, we get Jupiter. The name Jehovah comes from Jupiter, but Rev. Taylor says that Jehovah is an incorrect pronunciation. Jeue is also spelled as Jeve, and eventually became Jove. The name Jove is replaced with Dominus ("Lord") in the "liturgical Latin of the Psalms" and "the Latin Bibles of Dathe and Castalio," (pp. 340-341):
The full name of the Hebrew god would be Yahavah Pater, also called Jove Pater-Jupiter! Interestingly, according to Drummond and Walpole (1810), the spelling of the name as "Jao-pater, or Jeu-pater" was "corrupted into Jupiter." They also stated that "Ion, Io, Iao, and O" were "the root of the Latin Janus, Jovis, and Jupiter," and they "are all taken from the name of Jehovah," (p. 62): 
However, the Jews just called him by the first part of his name (Yahavah). Rev. Taylor said that Pater is sometimes dropped from the name (p. 341). Massey (1907) said that the "Jews of Cornwall" were "the prehistoric Jews who are to be known by the name of the god they worshipped," (Vol. 1, p. 501). The Jews named themselves after their god, which means that the Tetragrammaton was pronounced similarly to the word "Jew." I'm going with Yahavah (Yahavah Pater).

YHWH is typically spelled as "Yahweh", and "Jehovah" (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], pp. 5 and 7) (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). However, Yahweh and Jehovah "never existed," according to Langston (1931 [1964 reprint]). Yaw/Yah was extended to be "Yahweh." The vowels from the word "Adonai" were put on the name, and that's how we get "Jehovah" (pp. 42-43). Romer (2015) said that Yahweh has a "more recent origin than 'Yaho' or 'Yahu'," (p. 32). In the Tanakh ("Old Testament"), Yahavah's name is usually translated as "I am who I am" (Exodus 3:14 [NASB]), or "ehyeh asher ehyeh" in Hebrew (Bible Hub, Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]). As stated before, ehyeh means "I am" and ehyeh is Ea. He is also called "The LORD" and "The Lord God" (Jeremiah 1 footnote a [NASB]). However, Paul Tice says that Jehovah was an angel called Sabaoth (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], p. 15). Sabaoth means "Lord of Hosts" (1 Samuel 4:4 [BSB]), or "Lord of Armies" (1 Samuel 4:4 [NASB]) (Zechariah 13:2 and 7 [NASB]). Jehovah was a cherubim, also known as "shining ones," and they were led by the angel Gabriel. Jehovah had the same power, or status, as Gabriel, due to being in the middle/above the cherubim (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], p. 15) (1 Samuel 4:4 [BSB and NASB]). Another name for Jehovah is Samael, which means "blind god" (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], p. 51). Samael is a particularly dangerous equation because he is Satan in Judaism (Jewish Virtual Library, Samael)! Samael is also the name of Yaldabaoth in the Gnostic text The Apocryphon of John. What's also scary about this is that Yaldabaoth, in the text, does everything that Yahavah does in the Tanakh. However, Yaldabaoth is also the bad guy in the text! 

Here's the creation story according to The Apocryphon of John:

God the Father, the Invisible Spirit and first aeon, created the goddess/second aeon Barbelo, who was His first thought/deed and the image of the Father. Barbelo is the "womb of the everything," "the Mother-Father," "the thrice powerful" and "thrice-named androgynous one," etc. Together, the Father and Barbelo create Christ, "an only-begotten child of the Mother-Father which had come forth" and the "Autogenes." Christ was put in charge of overseeing everything. That's the best way that I can describe this story so far!

As for Sophia, also called "Sophia of Epinoia," she is an aeon and created Yaltabaoth without the help of the Father or her male consort. Yaltabaoth is an archon (I'm guessing that archons are bad guys), and he stole power from Sophia. Yaltabaoth is also called Saklas, and Samael. Yaltabaoth used Sophia's powers to create a bunch of beings: angels, demons, etc. In order to get her powers back, Sophia went to the Father. He told Yaltabaoth to create something, which turns out to be man (Adam), and Yaltabaoth lost Sophia's powers as a result. The Father sent Epinoia, also called Life (Eve!), to be Adam's helper. Eve is Sophia! She became Adam's helper, since her power is now in Adam. She also took on the bodily form of a woman (I think the Father did this). Sophia is mankind's helper in this text.

So, let's see: Ea and Yahavah have the same root word in their names, and were even spelled similarly sometimes. Ea ruled Eridu, and Eridu was the Garden of Eden. The cherubim came from Eridu. The creation story of Eve is similar to the goddess creation story in Eridu. Ea prevented mankind from "the me of life," which sounds like Yahavah kicking Adam (but not Eve, from what I can tell) out of the Garden (Genesis 3). Ea caused the flood, saved Sit-Naphishti, and caused the confusion of languages. Yahavah caused the flood but spared Noah and his family (Genesis 7), and caused the Tower of Babel incident (Genesis 11:1-9). Ea also terrified humans with his "venomous word." Yahavah threatens everybody throughout the Bible. Ea is Yahavah and 'Ahayah (Aahayah), the god of the Bible. Yahavah is the god of the Yahavadiy (Jews) who live in Yahavadah (Judah).

On 5/7/25, I noticed something. In the Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of Yhvh, it said that the Tetragrammaton came "From hayah." However, in the NAS Exhaustive Concordance, it said that the origin of the name came "from havah," (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 3068. Yhvh):
So, the translation of the name could be Yahavah, or... Actually, I don't really know what the name could be using hayah. I believe that the first part is "Yah-" using hayah, but I don't know what the "-vh" could be. It would definitely mean that Ea, 'Ahayah in Exodus 3:14, and Yhvh, are the same name since hayah is the root word for Ea's name and 'Ahayah. On the other hand, I think I found a solution to this problem.

I've decided to learn Paleo-Hebrew. Well, technically it's Phoenician but the Phoenician alphabet is the Semitic alphabet (Brown University, Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World, Archaeologies of the Greek Past: Alphabet [Early Greek]). Arabic, and Hebrew, are Semitic languages too (Daggumati and Revesz, 2023, p. 15 [5. Discussion of the Results]). Interestingly, the Greek alphabet also came from the Phoenician alphabet (Healey, 1990, p. 39) (Daggumati and Revesz, 2023, p. 9 [4. Experimental Results]; p. 14 [5. Discussion of the Results]; Figures 16-18), or from the "North Semitic script in the 8th century BCE," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Greek alphabet, para. 1). I've decided to use both the Phoenician, and Greek, alphabets to guess what the Tetragrammaton could've been. 

Classic Greek alphabet (Healey, 1990, p. 39):

Phoenician and Greek alphabet (Bourogiannis, 2018, Figure 1):
Phoenician and Greek alphabet (Daggumati and Revesz, 2023, Table 2):
Egyptian, Semitic/Phoenician, Greek, Roman, and Hebrew, alphabets (Brown University, Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World, Archaeologies of the Greek Past: Alphabet [Early Greek]):
Greek alphabet (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Greek alphabet):
Using the sources that I have, the yod is an "i"/iota in Greek. The hei is an "e"/epsilon. Finally, the vav (or waw) is either an "u"/upsilon, or a "f"/digamma. For the Tetragrammaton, I think the upsilon works better since the vav is also a "u" (Jewfaq, The Hebrew Alphabet). The Tetragrammaton would thus be "Ieue." I'm guessing that it was pronounced "I-u." The "-ue" probably sounded like the "-ue" in the words "hue," or "Sue." Rev Taylor (1833) also stated that Jeue (Ieue) was pronounced "Jew" (pp. 340-341). In the Greek Septuagint translation of Jeremiah 23:6, Yhvh tsedek (Hebrew Interlinear) is spelled as "Iwsedek/Josedek" (Io sedek) in Greek (Septuagint, Jeremiah 23:6 [Ellopos]) (The Orthodox Churchman's Magazine, 1802, Vol. 2 p. 375 [Sacred Criticism]). The spelling of Yhvh as Ieuw (Ieuo) was another Greek spelling found in Sanchoniatho's book Phoenician History (Sanchoniatho, Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 10) (The Orthodox Churchman's Magazine, 1802, Vol. 2 p. 374 [Sacred Criticism]) (D.M. Murdock/Acharya S, 2014, pp. 430-431). We already know that Iaw/Iao is in a fragment from the Septuagint translation of Leviticus. Iw/Io and Iaw/Iao, are extremely similar to the Egyptian Yho', and Ieuw/Ieuo is basically Ieue. We're on the right track here! "Ieu" is also in the name "Judah," spelled "Yehudah" in the modern Jewish language. I think it would be spelled as "Ieude," using our new technique. Havah would be spelled as "Eue" (pronounced "E-u"). Hayah would be spelled as "Eie" (pronounced "E-i"). 'Ahayah would be spelled as "Aeie" (pronounced "A-i"). Since the "a"/aleph is not pronounced, it would be spelled as "'Eie" and pronounced as "E-i." That's very close to Ea! So far, this is a very consistent method.  

Speaking of the Egyptian Tetragrammaton, it could've been Ieo' (Ieoa), using our new system and Brown University. This is very close to the Greek Iaw (Iao) and Iw (Io). 

I'm not the first person to say that Ieue is the true spelling of Yhvh (Rev. Taylor, 1833, p. 187) (Higgins, 1878, Vol. 1 pp. 459 and 461) (D.M. Murdock/Acharya S, 2014, p. 291). I'm going to stick with this method from now on.

In summation:

1.) Yhvh is Ieue. It was probably pronounced "I-u."
2.) Ahyh ('Ahayah) is Aeie, and spelled as 'eie. It was probably pronounced "E-i."
3.) Yhvdh (Judah/Yehudah) is Ieude. It was probably pronounced "I-u-de." 
4.) Al ('Al/El/Enlil) is Al, and spelled as 'l. Only the "L" was pronounced. 

As to what Ieue looks like, we have several artifacts that depict him. The first is a silver Judean coin from the 4th century B.C. It depicts the deity with the name "Yehud"/"yhd" (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) said that the name is "YHW," which means "Yaw" (p. 43). Cook (1914) also says the three words are "YHW" (Vol. 1 p. 232). It would be "YHV," using the modern spelling of the name. This would be "Ieu." Interestingly, Ieu is depicted as a man with a beard and a robe, and is seated on a wheel. Either Ieu has wings, or the wheel has wings (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). Both Langdon and Cook say that it's a winged wheel (Langdton, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1 p. 232). There is also a falcon, (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3), or a hawk (Langdton, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43), or an eagle/hawk (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 232), sitting on Ieu's arm.

Fontanille et al., (2023) gives a very descriptive history of the interpretation of the inscription on the coin. The coin was "reportedly found in Gaza," (p. 148). Originally, it was confirmed to have been "YHW." However, scholarship has tried to prove that the letters are "YHD" instead. The most recent decision on the lettering declares that the letters could've been either YHW, or YHD (pp. 130-131). As for where it was made, Fontanille et al. said that it was made in Philistia. However, other authors state that it was made in Judah (pp. 131, 140, and 148). Fontanille et al. said that the bird was a "hawk or a falcon," (pp. 143 and 145). The dating of the coin seems to be anywhere from the "late fifth century BCE," to 361 B.C. (pp. 136-137). Finally, the authors say that, although the deity on the coin could be "other celestial gods," the deity is "consistent with the nature of Yahweh," (pp. 145-146). The Philistian authors of the coin probably based their design of the deity on their own god Baal Shamen. Both Yahweh, and Baal Shamen, shared "celestial and solar attributes, so that they were essentially indistinguishable as implied by their similar epithets." Zeus Olympios was also "identified with Baal Shamen." Yahweh was equated to Baal Shamen in Samaria during "the time of King Ahab," and "by the Yahwists in Elephantine." Baal Shamen is also in the "Aramaic Ahiqar" version of Proverb 13 (p. 148). 

Yehud Judean Coin (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, Judean Coin):

Description of coin (para. 3):
Description of coin (Judean Coin):
Langston (1931 [1964 reprint])'s description of the coin (p. 43):
Gaza-Philistia coin that seems to depict Ieu as "Yhv" (Fontanille et al., 2023, p. 130 Type 1):
Ieue holding the eagle/hawk/falcon looks just like Ea on the Adda Seal holding the eagle/Zu bird:
Cook (1914) says that the winged wheel is associated with Dionysus (Vol. 1 p. 216), and "a bearded god enthroned with an eagle on his hand is a common art-type of Zeus." The winged wheel is a symbol of the sun as well, which would make the Judean coin depicting Ieue as a "solar Zeus," (p. 232). Langdon said that the coin depicts Ieue as a sun god (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 44).

Dionysus on a winged wheel (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 216, Figure 159):
Fontanille et al., (2023) said that the Gaza-Philistia coin doesn't equate Ieue to Dionysus (pp. 135-136). They did state that the whinged wheel was similar to the "winged car of the "Eleusinian grain god Triptolemus as depicted on Attic red-figure vases of the fifth century BCE and in other media," (p. 133).

Triptolemos in his "winged car" (500-480 B.C.) (Fontanille et al., 2023, p. 133 Figure 4.4a):
They authors also said that the deity on the Gaza-Philistia coin better relates to "Zeus aetophoros and his counterparts," (pp. 136 and 146). 

Zeus aetophoros coin from Mazaeus, Tarsus (361-334 B.C.) (Fontanille et al., 2023, p. 136 Figure 4.6):
As stated before, Cook (1914) said that the name Iao comes from the name Ea/Eau, also spelled Iau. Iao is also spelled "Iaw," and it is the Greek translation of the Tetragrammaton (The New International Encyclopaedia [Second Edition], 1915, Vol. 12 p. 625) (Vasileiades and Gordon, 2021, Figures 5-6). This is confirmed by Iao being in "The Aramaic papyri from the Jews at Elephantine," and the Septuagint 
translation "of Leviticus among the Dead Sea scrolls, 4Q120, dating probably from the first century AD," (van Kooten, 2006; in van Kooten, 2006, pp. 115-116). The fragment 4Q120 can be seen in Vasileiades and Gordon (2021) (Figure 6):
The Greek "w," called omega, was pronounced "o" with a line above it (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Greek Alphabet). Sophocles (1854) said that omega was pronounced "oh, or French eau in beau," (pp. 50 and 60). Professor Muntz from the University of Arkhansas said that omega was "pronounced like the o in ode." Omega was also "always long" (University of Arkansas, The Bibliotheke, Greek Alphabet and Pronunciation, 2011). The name Ea was also spelled as "Aos" (Langdon, 1918, p. 434) (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2021 edition], p. 161), which looks similar to Iao. Iao, or Iau according to Clemens, is "a God of the Sun and Fire, there seems to be no doubt." Other spellings of the name are "the Samaritan Iabe," Iahveh, Iaau which is also Iahav and Iahaveh (Bunsen, 1860, Vol. 4 p. 193 note 23; p. 194). "Iahav" is Ieu, and "Iahaveh" is Ieue. Zeus was called Iw/Io, Kouros the son of Kronos, and was the leader of daimones (Kershaw, 1997, pp. 160-161). More evidence of Ea/Ieue being Zeus. Cook (1914) stated that, in 168 B.C., Antiochus IV Epiphanes "transformed the temple of Jerusalem into a temple of Zeus Olympios." The name Iao/Iaw was also associated with Zeus. An Egyptian incantation, associates Zeus with Iao as "Zeus Iao," (Vol. 1, p. 233). The oracle of Apollon Klarios described Iao (Ea/Ieue) as "the greatest of all gods." It said that Iao was Zeus in the Spring, Helios in the summer, Iao in the autumn, and Hades in the winter (p. 234). To top it off, an "onyx" (coin) depicting a beardless Zeus with a thunderbolt in his outstretched hand, and an eagle near his feet, has the names "Iao Sabao[th]" (Iaw Cabaw) on the back of it (p. 235).

Iao Sabao(th) (Iaw Cabaw) onyx/coin (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 235 Figure 172):
Litwa (2019) said that the Phibionite Christian sect listed Iao as the moon, and Sabaoth (who represents the Jewish Sabbath) was Saturn. Jupiter is the sixth planet, which is ruled by Yaldabaoth. This would make Zeus and Yaldabaoth the same deity (p. 34; Figure 1.4):
Epiphaneus is the source of this chart, but said that Yaldabaoth and Sabaoth are interchangeable in their positions (Panarion, Book 1 Section 2 Number 26, 10.1-10.3 [Williams, 2009 translation, p. 98]). This would make Iao the moon god, and Yaldabaoth and/or Sabaoth the god of Saturn. 

Phibionite demons (Epiphanaeus, Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 [Williams, 2009 translation, p. 98]):
Ea/Ieue is not only Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars but the moon as well! According to Archangels and Angels, the moon and Archangel Gabriel is the First Heaven (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Gabriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences).

As noted before, one of Ieue's names in the Tanakh/Old Testament is Sabaoth. We can also see this in Jeremiah 46:10. 

Tsebaoth (Sabaoth) as one of Ieue's names (Jeremiah 46:10 [NOG]):
Sabaoth is actually the word "Tsaba" (Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 6635. Tsaba):

Tsaba (Sabaoth) is Saturn, so Ieue is both the moon (Iao) and Saturn. Ea/Ieue rules the First, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh, Heavens.


The third depiction of Ieue comes from a coin from "the Persian period" of Gaza. It depicts Yaw (Ieu) and the goddess "'Ashtart-'Anat'" (Astarte-Anat) together (called "'Ashtart-Yaw'" by Langdon) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 44 Figure 24):

Ieue looks similar to the Judean coin depiction of him. Interestingly, Langdon said that the coin depicts a deity that is both male and female (p. 44). 

The fourth depiction of Ieue is as a winged sun disk. Taylor (1993) said that solar worship was conducted by the Israelites (Synopsis; Ch. 1, Introduction, p. 19). Archaeological evidence includes sun emblems with "lmlk" on Judean jar handles. The emblems are a sun disk with two wings, and a "four-winged scarab." In the Tanakh, Ieue is called "semes," which means "sun." This is in Psalm 84 (p. 20). Taylor believes that there is a close relationship between Ieue and the sun, even so that Ieue might even have been the sun itself (p. 22). Fontanille et al., (2023) shows one of the Judean jar handles with "lmlk" on it. It dates to the "late eighth century BCE." The double winged disk "probably represented Yahweh as the patron god of the ruling dynasty." Judah "was subject to the Assyrian empire," so the Assyrians were more-than-likely the source of the winged disk (p. 138).

Judean jar handle depicting Ieue as a winged solar disk with "lmlk" inscribed on it (8th century B.C.) (Fontanille et al., 2023, p. 138 Figure 4.9):
"LMLK" means "to Molech" in 2 Kings 23:10 (Interlinear):
Psalm 84:11 states that "the LORD God (Ieue Elohim) is a sun and a shield," (Interlinear):
The bullae/seals of Isaiah and the Judahite King Hezekiah were discovered at the Temple Mount (old Jewish 2nd temple) (Ngo, 2018, para. 1-3) (Shuster, 2018, para. 2). On Hezekiah's bulla/seal, the symbol of "a two-winged sun disk flanked by ankh symbols" are shown (Ngo, 2018, para. 3) (Shuster, 2018).

King Hezekiah's (left) and Isaiah's (right) bullae/seals (Ngo, 2018):
On the "magical gem; intaglio" gem from the British Museum, it depicts Seth with the name "Iaw" (Iao) underneath his left arm. Seth is holding an ankh in his right hand, and a "staff and flail" in his left hand. There are also two "six-ray" stars, and a "crescent" moon, surrounding Seth. There are also four archangels inscribed on the gem as well: Michael, Gabriel, Uriel, and Suriel (British Museum, magical gem; intaglio, Description; Inscriptions) (Litwa, 2019, pp. 31-32; p. 32 Figure 1.2). Litwa (2019) said that the gem depicts "Seth-Yahweh," (p. 32 Figure 1.2). This gem dates to the third century A.D. (British Museum, magical gem; intaglio, Production date). The six-pointed star equates Seth-Iao to Saturn.

Seth on magical gem; intaglio (British Museum, magical gem; intaglio):
Gem from Litwa (2019) (P. 32 Figure 1.2):
Ieue was Zeus (and probably Dionysus), Seth, and a winged sun disk. We should also turn to Jesus Christ. Jesus said that if anyone has seen him, then they saw the Father (John 14:7-11). This confirms that Jesus is Ea/Zeus as well.

Interestingly, Ieue has a relationship with the lion, bull, and eagle. As quoted by Patai (1977), the scholar Goodenough said that "'Yahweh seems to have had the ferocity and glory of the lion, the bull, and the eagle, and to have been the spurting Stream of Life.'" Goodenough also stated that Ieue was given "'Helios' rulership charioteer of the universe, such saving power as that of Heracles and Ares, such gracious mercy as that offered by Aphrodite and the Nymphs.'" This seems to have been the effects of Hellenism on the Jews, in which they took on Greek culture (pp. 68-69). Ieue being linked to the lion and bull is reminiscent of Ea in the "A Shulgi Hymn to Enki." The eagle is akin to the eagle/Zu bird associated with Ea too. This strengthens the connection between Ieue and Ea even more.


To put into perspective just how dangerous Ea is, Spence (1916 [2010 edition]) said that "Many of the Babylonian gods retained traces of their primitive demoniacal characteristics, and this applies to the great triad, Ea, Anu, and En-lil, who probably evolved into godhead from an animistic group of nature spirits." All three of these deities had "demon groups" associated with the. Enlil/Bel had "disease-demons," Anu had the "seven daughters" of "fates," and Ea had "seven storm-demons." Ea's "primitive monster form" from a "magical incantation" is ghastly: He had a head "like a serpent's, the ears are those of a basilisk, his horns are twisted into curls, his body is a sun fish full of stars, his feet are armed with claws, and the sole of his foot has no heel," (p. 268):
This description of Ea sounds like a dragon, or something similar. It also reminds me of Ieue in the Tanakh, in which he has smoke coming out of his nose, and fire coming out of his mouth (Psalm 18:8). That's the god we're worshipping! Ea was also represented as a serpent (Spence, 1916 [2010 edition], p. 93).

Aside from being a dragon-like monster himself, Ea fought a dragon as well. In the Sumerian religion, Enki fought the dragon called Kur. This is documented inn the story "'Enki's Struggle with the Kur'," in which Enki fights the Kur after it kidnaps the goddess Ereshkigal. Actually, in the poem, someone handed Ereshkigal to Kur. Surprisingly, it was probably An (Anu) and Enlil. Enki fights Kur in his boat, and a battle ensues with stones being thrown at Enki. Although there is no ending to the story, it seems like Enki won the fight (Kramer and Maier, 1989 [2020 edition], pp. 82-84). In the Tanakh, the Elohim fight and kill Leviathan (Psalms 74:14).

Ea/Ieue was a dying-and-rising god too. In Phoenicia, El sacrifices one of his sons to Ouranos. The son's name is Jeoud, and he is described as El's "only son" (Sanchoniatho, Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 37). The name is also spelled as "Ieoud" (Rawlinson, 1889, pp. 329 and 346). Looks like the name Ieue, doesn't it? J. M. Robertson equated the name Ieoud/Jeoud with Judah (Jones, 1914, p. 72). Dunlap (1894) also notes the similarity (p. 132 note 1). Earlier, Dunlap (1858) equated Ieoud, Tammuz, and Hadad to Adonis (p. 206). Even better, Ea (and probably Enlil) was equated to the god Lugaldukuga. He was the god of the Apsu, and a dying-and-rising god that was weeped for in the month of Tishri. The gods Tammuz, and Enmesarra, were weeped for as well but in different months (Lambert, 2013, pp. 302-303). 

This brings me to Jesus Christ. Strong's Greek said that Jesus' name in Greek is "Iesous." Iesous is the Greek translation of the name Joshua (Bible Hub, Strong's Greek: 2424. Iesous). Another spelling is "Iesou" (Matthew 1:1 [Interlinear]). In modern Hebrew, Joshua is spelled as "Yehoshua." The name means "Jehovah-saved" (Bible Hub, Strong’s Hebrew: 3091. Yehoshua, Lexical Summary and Strong's Hebrew Concordance), or "'the LORD is salvation,'"  (NAS Exhaustive Concordance). In paleo-Hebrew, the name is spelled "Ieushuo" (pronounced "I-u-shu"). Ieushou is the true spelling of Jesus. However, it seems that Ieushuo was a later spelling of the name. In Numbers 13:8, Joshua son of Nun's original name was Hoshea. However, Moses called Hosea "Joshua" (Numbers 13:16). Using the paleo-Hebrew method, Hoshea is Eusho (pronounced "E-u-sho") (see Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew. 1954. Hoshea). The name means "deliverer" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew. 1954. Hoshea, Lexical Summary and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance), or "salvation" (NAS Exhaustive Concordance). The root word for the name is yasha (isho) (Lexical Summary), which also means "To save, deliver, rescue, bring to safety," (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew. 3467. yasha). At best, Eusho means "deliverer" and Ieushuo means "Ieue's deliverer." As for Jesus being Ieue himself, the Word/Logos (Jesus) was Ieue himself (John 1:1). Jesus also said, that if anyone has seen him, then they saw the Father (John 14:7-11). In Jude, "the Lord"/"Jesus" is the one who rescued the Israelites and Jews from Egypt (Jude 1:5; note e [NASB] [BSB]). In Exodus, Ieue did this. Jesus is being equated to his Father directly. Since Ea/Ieue was a dying-and-rising god, this equation makes sense now. Jesus is Ea!

Another class of beings we have to look at are the Apkallu. There were seven of them, and were also called the "seven sages." They served Ea, who was "their lord." They acted "like Ea, Anu, and Enlil" in the "maintainence of the 'designs of heaven and earth'," (Rochberg, 2010, p. 217). DeLonge and Levenda (2017) said that the seven Apkallu/Abgal were "divine or quasi-divine beings who could assume human form when necessary or desired." They were "the template for the biblical idea of the bene elohim." They "have their origins in the Abzu, the Abyss of Enki," and even mated with humans. This is similar to Genesis 6 (Ch. 2, There Were Giants in Those Days...). Ea was also equated to Oannes, who is the god of light and wisdom (Spence, 1916 [2010 edition], pp. 14 and 391) (Scribner, 2024, p. 30). However, Uanna-Oannes was an Apkallu that served Enki (Toorn, 1999; in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 73) (Kilmer, 1985; in Conrad and Newig, 1985, pp. 39-40). 

As Saturn was equated with the sun (as stated previously), so was Ea. According to Jacob (2005), Enki is the setting sun, and he resides in the underworld/netherworld (pp. 164-165). Bois (2010) said that Enki was '''The Savage Bull of Sky and Earth'." Enki, as a result, "must sometimes be a lunar god." The bull was also a symbol of the solar god and the sun (p. 363; note 370). It has been noted before that solar worship was conducted by the Judahites, and we have the archaeological proof to back that up (Taylor, 1993, Synopsis; Ch. 1, Introduction, pp. 19-20, and 22). Massey (1907) said that IHUH (Ieue) was a solar god (Vol. 1 p. 499). More evidence is provided below.

Ea was represented by the numbers 40, 50, and 60. Now, not all of my sources agree as to how many numbers Ea had. The University of Pennsylvania said that Ea had the numbers d40 and d60 (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea). Rollig (1971) said that Ea had the numbers 40, 50, and 60. Ea is equated to the number 50 on the tablet Ur-50 = Amel-dE-a V R 44, 48 c/d. On the tablet 50 = dBE CT 13, 32, the number 50 here might equal Ea instead of Enlil (p. 500 [German]). Parpola (1993) said that Rollig was wrong about Ea being equated to 50. He said that Ea is only equated to 50 on the tablet mur-50 = mLU-dEa (5r 44 iii 15). He said that the tablet is actually "Ur-40 (Gilg. x ii 22 and passim)," (p. 182 note 87). However, the tablet that Rollig stated was called Ur-50 = Amel-dE-a V R 44, 48 c/d. The tablet 50 = dBE CT 13, 32 might equate Ea to 50 as well (p. 500 [German]). Parpola (1993) said that Ea was represented by the numbers 40 and 60. In fact, Ea was equated to the number 60 numerous times (p. 182 notes 87-88). Toorn (1999) said that Ea has been equated to the number 60 (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842). To be as accurate as possible, I'm going to take all of my sources together and say that Ea had the numbers 40, 50, and 60. The number 40 is important in the Bible. The rain fell for forty days and nights, and the flood "came upon the earth for forty days," (Genesis 7:12 and 17). The Israelites wondered in the deserts after the Exodus for forty years (Deuteronomy 2:7). Jesus was in the desert for forty days and nights (Matthew 4:1-2). 

As stated before, all of the gods and goddesses are actually the same deity. This is true for Ea and the other Sumerian/Middle Eastern gods. Kramer (1963) said that Enki was "the Sumerian Poseidon," (p. 197).  According to Smith (1876), Hea is Cronus-Saturn and Poseidon. Hea is the "god of the lower region," and "is lord of the sea or abyss," (p. 57). Hea was also equated to the planet Saturn, "or 'Nin'," (Smith, 1884, p. 216). This Nin seems to be Ninib, who was also called Ninurta-Cronus (Long, 1987 [2015 edition], p. 151 note 43) (Cumont, 1912, p. 46) (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. xi, 1, and 21). If Ea was Cronus, then he and Ninurta-Ninib were the same deity. In Tablet 1 of the Enuma Elish, Ea kills the "progenitor" father god Apsu, and lives inside him (Apsu is the "deified underground waters") (Horowitz, 1998, pp. 109-111). This coincides with Ea-Enki being the "Lord of Apsu-Abzu," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ea, para. 2). In the Greek religion, Cronus castrated his father Uranus. This was to symbolize "separating heaven from earth" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cronus, para. 2). Duke (1971) stated that the scholar Leonard Palmer said that Poseidon's name is "a direct translation of 'calque' of the Sumerian EN.KI, 'lord of the earth'," (p. 324 note 28). Ea can be equated with Cronus, and Poseidon.

Chemosh is mentioned in 1 Kings 11:7 and 33 as the god of the Moabites. Outside of that, little info. on this god can be found. Some say that he was the "sun," or "Milcom-Moloch-Saturn." Apparently, there seems to be little supporting evidence for this (Cheyne and Black, 1899, p. 738). Some actually state that Chemosh, Baal, and Molech, were the same deity. This is based on the Moabite Stone (Jewish Encyclopaedia, Jastrow, Jr. and Barton, 2002, Chemosh, para. 1-2). Chemosh's name seems to be "'destroyer,' 'subduer,' or 'fish god.'" His role in the Moab pantheon is similar to that of Yahweh's (Learn Religions, Burton, 2019, para. 1 and 5). A fish god, huh? Doesn't that sound familiar? Chemosh was also a "savage war god" (Bible Gateway, Encyclopedia of the Bible, Chemosh; from Pritchard, 1956). Chemosh was also a Semitic deity, and he lead the Moabites to victory against the Israelites (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Chemosh). From what I can tell, Chemosh did this, apparently, when the Moabite king sacrificed his son "as a burnt offering on the wall." Suddenly, a "great anger came upon Israel," leading them to back down and return "to their own land" (2 Kings 3:26-27). This "great anger" was probably Chemosh, using the Moabite stone as a source. It's interesting how the Tanakh didn't state that Chemosh beat them, but it also inadvertently confirmed the Moabite stone. 2 Kings 4 doesn't show the battle continuing, so it looks like Chemosh did beat Israel.

The human sacrifice, and Chemosh beating Israel along with having some of Ea's key characteristics,  leads me to believe that Yahavah decided to let the Moabites win after getting a tasty human victim. Finally, Forlong (1897) said that the Mesa/Masha Moabite Stele stated that "Yahovah was a form of Chemosh, that is Kamush (...) the solar 'Ruler of Hosts'." "Kam" means "'a lord, papa, or priest'," and "mas" means "'soldiers'." "Kam-mas" means "'the Lord of Hosts' or Tsabaoth," (p. 395):
Chemosh and Ieue were the same god after all! Chemosh is another variant of Ea!

Qos was, according to Kelley (2009), "The national Edmonite deity." The Shasu nomads, whom we will discuss later on, probably knew about Qos (pp. 256-257). However, the Edomites and Judahites definitely knew about Qos ever since the 7th-6th centuries B.C. (p. 258). The Nabateans also worshipped him, and he was probably the god of the Nabateans called Dushara (pp. 259-260). Qos was a storm god represented by the bow, and he and Yahweh (Ieue) were "probably a local manifestation" of "Hadad (Adad)," (pp. 260-261). There also seems to be a connection between Ieue and Qos. Ieue was said to have "came from Edom," and his mountain, Sinai, is probably in Sinai too (p. 261). Qos isn't even mentioned in the Bible, which suggests that the writers knew that Ieue was the god of the Edomites (pp. 255, 265-269, and 274). Ieue also used a bow, albeit this stems from late Biblical books like Habakkuk (p. 266). Knauf (1999) said that Qos was "the national deity of Edom." Yahweh and Qos were probably the same deity, since Qos isn't mentioned as the god of the Edomites. In fact, Yahweh came from Edom. The phrase "Yahweh of Teman" helps to link Yahweh to Edom, since Teman is "northern Edom." Finally, "Yahweh, Qos, and Dushara, are primarily epithets" for "Haddu/Hadad," like Baal was (in Toorn et al., 1999, pp. 674 and 677). As to what Qos looked like, Teixidor (1977) said that he was represented as "seated on a throne flanked by bulls and holding in his left hand a multi-branched thunderbolt, the symbol of the lord of rain." This is in Khirbet Tannur. In Bostra, eagles were offered up to him. The eagle, bulls, and thunderbolt, equate Qos as "a weather god." Once again, Qos is also equated to the bow and possibly even the rainbow. Finally, Qos was equated to Zeus (pp. 90-91). Ieue (Ea) was not only the god of the Jews, but also the Edomites. This also equates Ea to Zeus, once again. The Met Museum has a statue of "Qos-Dushara" from Khirbet Tannur. Seems that Qos was equated to Dushara after all. This is dated from the first-second centuries (A.D.) (The Met Museum, Cult statute of Qos-Dushara):
According to Pinches (1902), a list of Babylonian deities "are identified, in the Assyrian proper names, with a very interesting deity whose name appears as Aa." Aa might be a spelling of the Hebrew god "Ya'u or Jah." "Ya" might be a spelling of the name Ea, according to Professor Hommel. Pinches said that Aa was equated to Assur ("Assur-Aa"), Ninip ("Ninip-Aa"), Bel ("Bel-Aa"), Nergal ("Nergal-Aa"), Samas ("Samas-Aa"), Nusku ("Nusku-Aa"), Sin ("Sin-Aa"), and others. It's possible that all of the deities were equated to the same god (p. 59). Most of these deities were also equated to "Ya, Ya'u, or Au, the Jah of the Hebrews." There was "Bel-Yau, 'Bel is Jah,' Nabu-Ya, 'Nabu is Jah,' Ahi-Yau, 'Ahi is Jah.'" Ahi, or "aki," meant '''god,' or a god." This was originally put forth by Fuerst. The name "Ya-Dagunu, 'Jah is Dagon,'" was meant to equate the Hebrew god with Dagon. Then we have "Au-Aa," which equated "Jah with Aa, two names which have every appearance of being etymologically connected," (p. 59): 
Pinches said that the combining of these names might've been"a desire and tendency towards monotheism," (p. 60). Mackenzie (1915) restated what Pinches said (Ch. 2 pp. 21 and 31). Pinches originally stated this in his 1896 paper (pp. 8, 11-13). Another god equated to Ya/Jah is Hadad/Rimmon ("Daddi-ya") (p. 13).

We'll explore the other names of Ea below.

Links:
The British Museum. Cylinder seal (The Adda Seal):

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ea:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ea

Kramer (1963) (P. 197):

https://books.google.com/books?id=iY9xp4pLp88C&printsec=frontcover&dq=potei+dan+indoeuropean+god%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8t73Rv_GCAxXXv4kEHS0PAQ4Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Poseidon&f=false

Jensen (1890) (PP. 136-138 [German]).

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157 

Dunlap (1856) (P. 22):

https://books.google.com/books?id=0m06AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+origin+of+ancient+names+of+countries+dunlap&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjm78e0nJeFAxWbFFkFHbmDD9YQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=compounds%20of%20as%2C%20ar&f=false

The Christian Remembrancer. Volume 56. Article 8:

https://books.google.com/books?id=lr0RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA169&dq=Poseidon+sun+rising+out+of+the+ocean&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMicmwndeEAxVfF1kFHayGAkcQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Poseidon%20sun%20rising%20out%20of%20the%20ocean&f=false

Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (PP. 13 and 168):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA95&dq=marduk+bel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDisSt3oP7AhXaM1kFHZY6CakQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=snippet&q=Adad&f=false

Liverani (2013) (PP. 51-52):

https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=eridu+5400+bc&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjN_dzpl6CFAxUVFFkFHct0DYo4ChDoAXoECAoQAg#v=onepage&q=eridu%205400%20bc&f=false

Tobolczyk (2020) (P. 128 Figure 266):

Margoliouth (1868; in The Contemporary Review) (Vol. 74) (PP. 581-592):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xjgeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585&dq=Ea+An+same+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI2aPym5OFAxVjFFkFHX7JCEMQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20An%20same%20god&f=false

Spence (1916 [2010 edition]) (P. 268):
https://books.google.com/books?id=nla68_sQEhoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Anu+sun+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivg6iGg4mFAxUTEFkFHbhqAF8Q6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu&f=false

Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):

https://books.google.com/books?id=9e9gpRpZWCYC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Clay (1923) (P. 102):

https://books.google.com/books?id=kdklAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA101&dq=Anu+El&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmjIrpmv-EAxXZD1kFHcCiANMQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20El&f=false

Kitz (2018) (Abstract):

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/718758
-V2:

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/To-Be-or-Not-to-Be%2C-That-Is-the-Question%3A-Yhwh-and-Kitz-Clifford/df144c0a741f4e34f9e8a7405e3f8ae790e1a374
Rochberg (2010) (P. 217). 

https://books.google.com/books?id=ot95DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA217&dq=oannes+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTrdKunomFAxXXFlkFHd0TCS04ChDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=oannes%20enlil&f=false

DeLonge and Levenda (2017) (Ch. 2, There Were Giants in Those Days...):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EWCsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT96&dq=neanderthals+nephilim&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1o6PJovKDAxXEEFkFHcnHA6w4KBDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=neanderthals%20nephilim&f=false
Jensen (1890) (P. 271 [German]).

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157 

-V2:

https://books.google.com/books?id=fKm5tQEACAAJ&dq=the+saturn+myth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji-q-xjpaFAxXYMVkFHTAWDhgQ6AF6BAgFEAE

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hades:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hades-Greek-mythology

Scribner (2024) (P. 30):

https://books.google.com/books?id=fgrtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT30&dq=Oannes+Yahweh&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwpr7j7pKFAxVoF2IAHQKfB7cQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Oannes%20Yahweh&f=false

Toorn et al., (1999) (P. 73):

https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible+(2nd+ed.)&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj36PPTp5aFAxVOFVkFHc_NApQQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Oannes&f=false
Kilmer (1985; in Conrad and Newig, 1985):

https://books.google.com/books?id=URe3ugEQB00C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Taylor (2022; in Mankey and Taylor, 202) (Poseidon):

https://books.google.com/books?id=tGWYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT95&dq=Potei-Dan+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4gYzh1uCCAxUxGVkFHRAfCa8Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Potei-Dan%20god&f=false

Bennett (1880) (P. 523):

https://books.google.com/books?id=eH5jAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+gods+and+religions+of+ancient+and+modern+times&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju27XQ1J6FAxXlFVkFHRypDBMQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Iao%20ju&f=false

Bible Hub. Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1961. hayah:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1961.htm

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. An/Anu:

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/an/index.html

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea:
Berlejung, 2021, pp. 178 and 208)

https://books.google.com/books?id=7LMoEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA208&dq=Enki+d60&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ0bOdtbiFAxWiM1kFHfx7D-kQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20d60&f=false

Kramer (1944 [1961 edition]) (Ch. 2 PP. 69-70):

https://sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/index.htm

Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=_nD8DwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

-V2:

https://archive.org/details/mythsofenkicraft0000unse/page/6/mode/1up?view=theater

Spencer (1915; in Kelly, 1915, Volume 75; Volume 97) (P. 314): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=zjs5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA313&dq=Dilmun+Enki+Damkina&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmz_nw6JeGAxUlFFkFHTFLDaoQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Dilmun%20Enki%20Damkina&f=false

Cumont (1912) (P. 46):

https://books.google.com/books?id=DAVX9zum4AAC&pg=PR1&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Long (1987 [2015 edition], p. 151 note 43):

https://books.google.com/books?id=o-l5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151&dq=ninurta+cronus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizpaH3gK2FAxUVFlkFHSiKDAw4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=ninurta%20cronus&f=false

Litke (1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3) (PP. xi, 1, and 21):

https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBC%203%2C%201998.pdf

Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:

https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cronus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cronus

Espak (2006) (4.4. Representations of Ea/Enki in Old-Akkadian Glyptic Art, Figure 5):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28581203_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Gods_Enki_and_Ea_Diachronical_Analysis_of_Texts_and_Images_from_the_Earliest_Sources_to_the_Neo-Sumerian_Period

Boulary (1999) (P. 66):

https://books.google.com/books?id=2TtOjwtbXG8C&pg=PA66&dq=Enki+ibex+symbol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibisj8yKGGAxXNFVkFHVUJC8UQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20ibex%20symbol&f=false

San Diego Zoo. Animals. Nubian Ibex:

https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/nubian-ibex

Pinches (1902) (PP. 59-60):

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Old_Testament_in_the_Light_of_the_Hi.html?id=iCS9DLD6MUkC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Mackenzie (1915):

Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) (P. 43):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh
Hulster. n.d. What Did Yahweh Look Like? Bible Odyssey:

https://www.bibleodyssey.org/passages/related-articles/what-did-yahweh-look-like/

Stripling et al., (2023):

https://heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40494-023-00920-9
Ortlepp (2010) (P. 41):

https://books.google.com/books?id=k9JEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41&dq=mesha+stele+tetragrammaton&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia8sTZtI-BAxWbMlkFHbL9ANkQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=mesha%20stele%20tetragrammaton&f=false
Biblical Archeological Society. 2013. Biblical Artifacts Found Outside the Trench: The Moabite Stone:

https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/artifacts-and-the-bible/moabite-stone-mesha-stele/
Drummond (2023):

https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/inscriptions/the-history-of-the-tetragrammaton/
Fleming (2020):

https://books.google.com/books?id=cfwAEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s

-Ch. 2 (First para.):

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/yahweh-before-israel/yhw-of-shasuland/119116DC7806AE299828B5D58EA06539

Kennedy (2019):

https://escholarship.org/content/qt07x6659z/qt07x6659z_noSplash_b41d2cc59a80dd132c3838e7ec75c0f8.pdf?t=q2zg3k

Najovits (2003) (P. 198):

https://books.google.com/books?id=UrR848g3gp8C&pg=PA198&dq=shasu+of+yhw&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi576v8xI-BAxXNlYkEHcOEDfgQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=shasu%20of%20yhw&f=false
D.M. Murdock/Acharya S (2014) (PP. 186, 291, 430-431, and 433):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZWPAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&dq=shasu+of+yhw&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi576v8xI-BAxXNlYkEHcOEDfgQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=shasu%20of%20yhw&f=false
Peust (1999) (p. 127) (in Gottingen, 1999):

https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/peust1999/0127/image,info

Hart (2005) (P. 77):

https://books.google.com/books?id=0L83uBijeZwC&pg=PA77&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false

Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
-(V2) Vol. 1, pp. 498-499):

https://books.google.com/books?id=3k4XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA498&dq=Atum+IHUH&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim_pXZ54mCAxXwD1kFHUR9AuQQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Atum%20IHUH&f=false

Karnas (2020):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ELUOEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=72+demons+of+YHWH&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnvaatlLz_AhUYFlkFHXiZD_IQ6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false

Clarke (2005) (Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt):

https://books.google.com/books?id=99l_P7uGCiQC&pg=PT433&dq=how+to+pronounce+WH+in+egyptian&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7l-jV7bCBAxWqGVkFHUE0BK4Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=how%20to%20pronounce%20WH%20in%20egyptian&f=false

Parke-Taylor (1975 [2006 edition]) (P. 49):

https://books.google.com/books?id=XZhkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=yah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9oo726rCBAxUhGFkFHcnOCEYQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=yah%20egyptian%20god&f=false

Garcia-Fernandez (2017):

https://www.academia.edu/40760080/The_Moon_god_Iah_in_ancient_Egyptian_religion

Biglino (2013) (P. 63):

https://archive.org/details/MauroBiglinoTheBookThatWillForeverChangeOurIdeasAboutTheBible2013/page/n61/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Yahu

Shuster (2018):

https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2018-02-22/ty-article-magazine/prophet-isaiahs-seal-mark-may-have-been-found-in-jerusalem/0000017f-f41f-d887-a7ff-fcfffdd30000

Hen (2021):

https://d-nb.info/1258383969/34
Tice (1997 [2007 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=GYmubiLkrncC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jehovah+the+devil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNzLXQxaz1AhV0onIEHRMrD4w4ChDoAXoECAMQAw
-V2:
https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=GYmubiLkrncC&printsec=frontcover&lr=&num=20&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2#v=snippet&q=Jesus&f=false

The Apocryphon of John:
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/nag_hammadi/apocjn.htm

Jewish Virtual Library. Samael:
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/samael

Exodus 3:14 (NASB):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/3.htm
1 Samuel 4:
-BSB:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/1_samuel/4.htm
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_samuel/4.htm

Zechariah 13 (NAS):

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/zechariah/13.htm

Jeremiah 1 footnote a (NASB):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/1.htm#fn
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh ("Yehovah"):

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm

Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 3069. Yhvh (“Yehoveh”):

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3069.htm
Budge (1920 [2010 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=_QjVv4s-I0oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Egyptian+plant+hieroglyphs+alphabet&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy-Ijpp8aCAxXSFlkFHSCxASgQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
Frazer (2012) (PP. 64, 69-70, and 81 [Extra on p. 90]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=dd1OAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=letter+y+in+egyptian+hieroglyphics&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwis2YaOuMaCAxUstokEHUOJDp8Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=letter%20y%20in%20egyptian%20hieroglyphics&f=false
Glassgolife. How to read Egyptian hieroglyphs
https://www.glasgowlife.org.uk/media/jsddgccz/translating-hieroglyphs.pdf
Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Lesson 1:
https://www.egyptianhieroglyphs.net/egyptian-hieroglyphs/lesson-1/
Zauzich and Roth (2010) (P. 10):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g1XY9SRP29YC&pg=PA10&dq=how+to+pronounce+3+glottal+stop+in+egyptian&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilj9D7-MaCAxW8EVkFHesaDawQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=how%20to%20pronounce%203%20glottal%20stop%20in%20egyptian&f=fals

McDermott (2001 [2016 edition]) (PP. 22 [Ch. 1]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=O66TDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22&dq=letter+y+in+egyptian+hieroglyphics&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilkrDCwMaCAxWCMlkFHQk9DAAQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=letter%20y%20in%20egyptian%20hieroglyphics&f=false

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3064. Yehudi:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3064.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3063. Yehudah:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3063.htm

Josephus. Jewish War. Book 5, Ch. 5, Section 7):

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/war-5.html

Diodorus Siculus. The Library of History. Book 1 Ch. 94 Section 2:

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/diodorus_siculus/1d*.html

Hernandez (2000) (P. vii):

https://books.google.com/books?id=grNF4gOzX_kC&pg=PR7&dq=when+is+vav+pronounced+as+%22oh%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtuZ6I6cuCAxU0KlkFHWKIByYQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=when%20is%20vav%20pronounced%20as%20%22oh%22&f=false

Jewish Virtual Library. The Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet):

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-hebrew-alphabet-aleph-bet#google_vignette

Jewfaq. The Hebrew Alphabet:

https://www.jewfaq.org/hebrew_alphabet
Garrett and DeRouchie (2009 [2019 edition]) (Ch. 2: Pointed Vowel Letters and the Silent Shewa, E. The Basics of Syllable Division):

https://books.google.com/books?id=X6bODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT42&dq=are+mater+lectionis+silent&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi6we3ZspyDAxXoEFkFHRuiCJkQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=are%20mater%20lectionis%20silent&f=false
Romer (2015):
-V1:

https://books.google.com/books?id=Z59XCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=thomas+romer+religion&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjskaukiN2BAxVKKlkFHUp6BfYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V2:

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Invention_of_God.html?id=XmsuCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rev. Taylor (1833) (PP. 187, and 340-341):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QbARAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA340&dq=baal+samen&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy36qOiPj6AhW3MlkFHfxtC9AQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=baal%20samen&f=false

Drummond and Walpole (1810) (P. 62): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=rDMGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=Jupiter+Iao+Jeu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiis9rxh8eEAxW_FmIAHSNEBJMQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Jupiter%20Iao%20Jeu&f=false

Bible Hub. Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm

Jensen (1890) (P. 271 [German]).

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157 

Clay (1923) (P. 102):

https://books.google.com/books?id=kdklAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA101&dq=Anu+El&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmjIrpmv-EAxXZD1kFHcCiANMQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20El&f=false

Kitz (2018) (Abstract):

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/718758
-V2:

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/To-Be-or-Not-to-Be%2C-That-Is-the-Question%3A-Yhwh-and-Kitz-Clifford/df144c0a741f4e34f9e8a7405e3f8ae790e1a374

-V3:

https://www.academia.edu/90531519/To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_That_Is_the_Question_Yhwh_and_Ea

Bennett (1880) (P. 523):

https://books.google.com/books?id=eH5jAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+gods+and+religions+of+ancient+and+modern+times&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju27XQ1J6FAxXlFVkFHRypDBMQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Iao%20ju&f=false

Bible Hub. Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1961. hayah:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1961.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1933. hava'

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1933.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1933b. havah:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1933b.htm

Espek (2006):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28581203_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Gods_Enki_and_Ea_Diachronical_Analysis_of_Texts_and_Images_from_the_Earliest_Sources_to_the_Neo-Sumerian_Period

University of Memphis. Institute of Egyptian Art and Archeology: Events: Write Your Name in Hieroglyphs:

https://www.memphis.edu/egypt/events/name_hieroglyphs.php

Australian Museum. Documents: Egyptian Hieroglyphs:

https://media.australian.museum/media/dd/Uploads/Documents/7770/Egyptian%20Heiroglyphs.340c0ac.pdf

-Australian Museum website:

https://australian.museum/

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3091. Yehoshua [Yehoshua']):

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm
Psalm 18: 

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/18.htm

Jacob (2005):

https://www.scribd.com/document/354762628/Jacob-Alexander-Atman-a-Reconstruction-of-the-Solar-Cosmology-of-the-Indo-Europeans

The Apocryphon of John:
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/nag_hammadi/apocjn.htm

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea:

Rollig (1971) (P. 500):

https://dokumen.pub/reallexikon-der-assyriologie-und-vorderasiatischen-archologie-rla-3-311003705x.html

-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EBkEGAOlCDsC&pg=PA3&dq=Rollig+Ea+Anu+40+50+60&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjOxbDd3LqFAxUlMlkFHYkRDJYQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Rollig%20Ea%20Anu%2040%2050%2060&f=false

Parpola (1993):

https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater

Taylor (1993):

https://books.google.com/books?id=zYCxAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=YHWH+sun+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4j_nWwbyBAxXbKlkFHdJUAWMQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false
Psalm 84:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/84.htm

Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
-(V2) Vol. 1, pp. 498-499):

https://books.google.com/books?id=3k4XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA498&dq=Atum+IHUH&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim_pXZ54mCAxXwD1kFHUR9AuQQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Atum%20IHUH&f=false

Psalm 74:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/74.htm

1 Kings 11:
-NASB:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/11.htm
-NIV:

https://biblehub.com/niv/1_kings/11.htm
-NLT:

https://biblehub.com/nlt/1_kings/11.htm

Cheyne and Black (1899) (P. 738):

Learn Religions. Burton (2019). Chemosh: Ancient God of the Moabites:

https://www.learnreligions.com/chemosh-lord-of-the-moabites-117630
Bible Gateway. Encyclopedia of the Bible. Chemosh (from Pritchard, 1956):

https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/encyclopedia-of-the-bible/Chemosh

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chemosh:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chemosh

2 Kings 3:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/2_kings/3.htm

Jeremiah 6:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/2.htm

Irwin (1999 [Thesis]):

https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/73647/1/Irwin-Baal%20and%20Yahweh.pdf

Harwood (2001):

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Protestant_Bible_Correctly_Translate.html?id=FLotDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Forlong (1897) (P. 395):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rntIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA653&dq=Jupiter+Iao+Jeu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicqPHQiceEAxV5EFkFHa0yC2g4ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=%20Jeu&f=false

Darshan (2023) (P. 104):

https://books.google.com/books?id=_k3XEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104&dq=Enki+Zeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-rYWW4fmFAxVaEFkFHa8YDZs4ChDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=Enki%20Zeus&f=false

Litke (1998; from Hallo, 1998) (PP. 83 and 87):

https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBC%203%2C%201998.pdf

Deitrich and Loretz (1999; in Deitrich and Loretz [2000 edition]) (Starts on p. 165):

https://archive.org/details/ugaritforschunge0031unse/page/168/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Ea

Pinches (1896) (PP. 8, 11-13):

https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jtvi/1894_001.pdf

-V2:

https://books.google.com/books?id=Qt4bAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA13&dq=Hadad+god+Daddi&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKicS04uGJAxUUEFkFHW8JFCUQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Hadad%20god%20Daddi&f=false

The New International Encyclopaedia (Second Edition) (1915) (Vol. 12 p. 625):

https://books.google.com/books?id=dxsoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA625&dq=iao+iaw&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_i-yS34aHAxWjFVkFHeInClwQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=iao%20iaw&f=false

Vasileiades and Gordon (2021):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349711568_Transmission_of_the_Tetragrammaton_in_Judeo-Greek_and_Christian_Sources

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Greek Alphabet:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/alphabet-writing/Greek-alphabet

University of Arkansas. The Bibliotheke. Greek Alphabet and Pronunciation. 2011: 

https://cmuntz.hosted.uark.edu/resources/greek-alphabet-and-pronunci.html#:~:text=%CE%A9%20%CF%89%20omega%2C%20pronounced%20like%20the%20o%20in%20ode.

Langdon (1918) (P. 434):

https://zenodo.org/records/1505573
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2021 edition]) (P. 161):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QEJUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA161&dq=Ea+Aos+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit7pe88IaHAxVcN2IAHVyoABkQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20Aos%20god&f=false

Bunsen (1860) (Vol. 4 p. 193 note 23; p. 194): 

Kershaw (1997) (PP. 160-161):

https://archive.org/details/396241694-kris-kershaw-the-one-eyed-god-odin-and-the-indo-germanic_202111/Runes%20Aramean%20Guido%20Von%20List/396241694_Kris_Kershaw_the_One_eyed_God_Odin_and_the_Indo_Germanic/page/159/mode/1up?q=Cretan+Zeus

Litwa (2019):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en

Epiphaneus. Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 (Williams, 2009 translation) P. 98):

https://gnosis.study/library/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/ENG/Epiphanius%20of%20Salamis%20-%20The%20Panarion,%20Book%20I%20(Sects%201-46).pdf

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3050. Yah:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3050.htm

Fontanille et al., (2023) (P. 130 Type 1; pp. 131, 145, and 148 for Yhv, Gaza, and Philistine info.):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QOrxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Zeus+Iao&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivyMufodaKAxWsj4kEHeGGMSQ4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Iao&f=false
Jeremiah 46:10 (NOG):

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2046%3A10&version=NOG
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 6635. Tsaba:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6635.htm

Shuster (2018):

https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2018-02-22/ty-article-magazine/prophet-isaiahs-seal-mark-may-have-been-found-in-jerusalem/0000017f-f41f-d887-a7ff-fcfffdd30000

British Museum. magical gem; intaglio:

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1986-0501-97

Litwa (2019):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en

-V2: 

https://books.google.com/books?id=hXU-EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+evil+creator+litwa+Seth+Yahweh&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiW4dj94K6GAxX0v4kEHXSNC2kQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=the%20evil%20creator%20litwa%20Seth%20Yahweh&f=false

-V3:

https://books.google.com/books?id=iXU-EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA206&dq=the+evil+creator+litwa+Seth+Yahweh&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiW4dj94K6GAxX0v4kEHXSNC2kQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=the%20evil%20creator%20litwa%20Seth%20Yahweh&f=false

Duke (1971):

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3296569

Genesis 3:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/3.htm

Genesis 7:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/7.htm

Genesis 11:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/11.htm

Kelley (2009):

https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/7231/1/toward-new-synthesis-god-edom.pdf

Teixidor (1977):

https://books.google.com/books?id=m5Z9BgAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA90&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=onepage&q&f=false
Knauf (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (PP. 674 and 677):

https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA677&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=onepage&q&f=false

-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_samael.html

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Asariel:
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_asariel.html

-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_asariel.html

Thierens (1935) (P. 41):

https://books.google.com/books?id=mJAFEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=astrological+sign+of+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGp62Jo8eLAxW3L1kFHTv2OZsQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=astrological%20sign%20of%20enlil&f=false

-V2 (2020 edition):

https://books.google.com/books?id=bzb7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Enlil+lil+demon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibrZSboMmCAxVOGlkFHdrSC6wQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil%20lil%20demon&f=false

Rossel (2007) (P. 87):

https://books.google.com/books?id=AzZlANCOIRgC&pg=PA87&dq=Ehyeh+god%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwik1sfShdCKAxU5CnkGHU9uNSo4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=Ehyeh%20god%C2%A0&f=false

Sayce (1888):

https://books.google.com/books?id=GS8JAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA548&dq=Eridu+Jews&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_1-is0MyLAxXFEFkFHea0KcIQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Eridu&f=false

The Met Museum. Cult statute of Qos-Dushara:

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/757640

-Pic:

https://images.app.goo.gl/t86WbzD9BFUu1r2j8

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Azrael:
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_azrael.html

-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbols_azrael.html

Lowery (2013) (PP. 227-228):

https://books.google.com/books?id=YjULEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA203&dq=Seven+Apkallu+names&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmtIjSw6eHAxVXF1kFHZmIAnAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Seven%20Apkallu%20names&f=false

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Gabriel:

-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_gabriel.html

V2:
https://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_gabriel.html
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_gabriel.html
Brown University. Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World. Archaeologies of the Greek Past: Alphabet (Early Greek):
https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/greekpast/4739.html
Daggumati and Revesz (2023) (Table 2):
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Adaptation-of-the-Phoenician-alphabet-to-the-Greek-alphabet-including-four-extra-letters_tbl2_369916621
Bourogiannis (2018) (Figure 1):
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comparative-table-of-Phoenician-and-earliest-Greek-alphabetical-scripts-after-JN_fig1_331300441
Healey (1990) (P. 39): 
https://books.google.com/books?id=0_KnI588AnkC&pg=PA39&dq=Greek+alphabet&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGu7_I-o2NAxUtGlkFHWU2KPYQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Greek%20alphabet&f=false
The Orthodox Churchman's Magazine (1802) (Vol. 2 pp. 374-375):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QTsEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA374&dq=Ieuw+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwij4PSsso2NAxVtFVkFHb9LOLIQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Ieuw%20god&f=false
Jeremiah 23:6:
-Septuagint (Ellopos):
https://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/septuagint/chapter.asp?book=44&page=23
-Hebrew Interlinear:
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/jeremiah/23-6.htm
Higgins (1878) (Vol. 1 pp. 459 and 461):
https://books.google.com/books?id=udYHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA461&dq=Ieue+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0hqG2nImNAxUtFVkFHaeID7cQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Ieue%20god&f=false

Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Lesson 1:

https://www.egyptianhieroglyphs.net/egyptian-hieroglyphs/lesson-1/

van Kooten (2006; in van Kooten, 2006) (PP. 115-116):

https://books.google.com/books?id=6RJYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA115&dq=Iao+The+Aramaic+papyri+from+the+Jews+at+Elephantine&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjp6broauNAxWqkokEHS2BJ2IQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Iao%20The%20Aramaic%20papyri%20from%20the%20Jews%20at%20Elephantine&f=false
Archangels and Angels. The Astrological Correspondences for Cancer:

https://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/astrological_correspondences/cancer.html
Cohen (2005; in Sefati et al., 2005) (PP. 74-80):

http://enenuru.net/pdfs/Fs%20Klein.pdf

Archangels and Angels. The Astrological Correspondences for Taurus:

https://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/astrological_correspondences/taurus.html
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Anael:
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

https://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbols_anael.html
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

https://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_anael.html

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Michael
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

https://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_michael.html

-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

https://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_michael.html

Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):

https://dokumen.pub/reallexikon-der-assyriologie-und-vorderasiatischen-archologie-rla-3-311003705x.html

-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EBkEGAOlCDsC&pg=PA3&dq=Rollig+Ea+Anu+40+50+60&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjOxbDd3LqFAxUlMlkFHYkRDJYQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Rollig%20Ea%20Anu%2040%2050%2060&f=false

Parpola (1993):

https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater

Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 842):

https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA842&dq=Nabu+god+number+40&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipwejZ6NuHAxUgMlkFHVSZA6YQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=Nabu%20god%20number%2040&f=false

Green (2015) (PP. 71):

Maranz (2023 [Preprint]):

Zenodohttps://zenodo.orgPDFAkkadian Vocabulary of Noah's Ark – N. Maranz

-V2:
https://www.cambridge.org/engage/coe/article-details/6642adcb418a5379b02ebadc
John 14:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/john/14.htm

Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):
-V1:

https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

-V2:

https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up

-V3 (by Philo of Byblus):

https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m2096&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF
Rawlinson (1889) (PP. 329 and 346):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Phoenicia/CsczDX706UwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=ieoud+god+phoenicia&pg=RA2-PA329&printsec=frontcover
Lambert (2013) (PP. 302-303):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-JUFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA302&dq=Alala+Lugaldukuga&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMsZmx1OCKAxVMD1kFHflgL64Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Alala%20Lugaldukuga&f=false
Dunlap (1894) (P. 132 note 1):

https://books.google.com/books?id=gY1AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA132&dq=Ieoud+Osiris&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfpIuWiNONAxUKFlkFHS55CMQQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Ieoud%20Osiris&f=false
Jones (1914) (P. 72):  

https://books.google.com/books?id=T6nzOhG1iqMC&pg=PA71&dq=Ieoud+Dionysus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP3eyLitONAxXHM1kFHcpDKoIQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ieoud%20Dionysus&f=false
Dunlap (1858) (P. 206):

https://books.google.com/books?id=MzZdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA270&dq=Ieoud+Osiris&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfpIuWiNONAxUKFlkFHS55CMQQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Ieoud%20Osiris&f=false
D.M. Murdock/Acharya S (2014) (PP. 317 and 320):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZWPAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA317&dq=Mount+Sinai+Mount+nysa&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGkYrc5ZWNAxVdK1kFHQGGMcsQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Mount%20Sinai%20Mount%20nysa&f=false

Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 3091. Yehoshua:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm

Bible Hub. Strong’s Greek. 2424: Iesous:
https://biblehub.com/greek/2424.htm

Matthew 1:1 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm
The Demonic Deity Unveiled:
https://demythifyinggod.blogspot.com/2022/10/was-yhwh-yahwehjehovah-angel.html

Numbers 13:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/13.htm

Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 1954. Hoshea:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1954.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3467. yasha: 

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3467.htm

Jude 1:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jude/1.htm

-BSB:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/jude/1.htm
John 1:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/john/1.htm
John 14:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/john/14.htm


Part 2: Other Gods Equated to Ea:

1.) Enlil (Dagan-Ninib-Assur-Bel-Marduk):
Enlil figure (1800-1600 BC) from the Iraq Museum (Wikipedia). Photo belongs to Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin:
Ellil, who is also called Illil ("ILLIL"), Enlil, Ilu, and Nunamnir (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition], pp. 9, 21, 27-28) (Jordan, 2004 [2014 edition], pp. 83, 90, and 359) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enlil/Ellil), is the "god of ghosts, wind, air, and atmosphere" (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enlil/Ellil: Functions, para. 1) (Jordan, 2004 [2014 edition], p. 90) (Fontenrose, 2022, p. 157). "Lil" means "demon" (Jastrow, 1898, Part 1, p. 53) (Thierens, 1935 [2020 edition], p. 24). Therefore, Enlil means "chief demon" (Jastrow, 1898, Part 1, p. 53). However, Littleton (2006) said that "En" means "'Lord'" (Vol. 4, p. 480), so Enlil would mean "Lord Demon." 

"En" means "'Lord'' (Littleton, 2006, Vol. 4, p. 480):
On the An=Anum list, Enlil and Illil were equated to Enlil (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 37). I will call this god Enlil for now on. 

Enlil was also called "'Lord of the Storm'," and the "'Great Mountain'" (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 580). Both Enlil, Yahweh (Ieue), and Hadad, were represented by the bull, which represented the sun (Smith, 1927, Vol. 1, pp. 532-533). Lewis (2020) mentioned that Enlil's symbol as the bull made him a senior member of his pantheon. The bull was also a symbol for Anu, Taru, and Tessub (p. 154). 

Pinches (1902) said that Ya (Ie/Ieue) was equated to the god Dagon, under the name "Ya-Dagunu," (p. 59). According to Sanchoniatho, Dagon, also called "Siton, or the God of Corn," was the god of "bread-corn, and the plough." Dagon was also called "Zeus Arotrius," (Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], pp. 29 and 32). Encyclopaedia Britannica said that Dagan's name "was the Hebrew and Ugaritic noun for 'grain.'" Dagan was "the legendary inventor of the plow," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dagan). Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) said that "in cuneiform documents," Dagon was spelled as "Dagan, Dagun," (p. 78). I'll go with Dagan. Langdon also showed a coin "of the Persian period," and probably from the region of "Ashdod (Azotus)" or "Ascalon," depicting Dagan as half-human and half-fish, and holding "the trident of Poseidon," (p. 83 Figure 43):
On the An=Anum list, "Dagan is identified with Enlil," (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 42; note 193). Dagan and Enlil are the same god. This means that Enlil was the god of corn, and the plough.

Cook (1914) said that Enlil became a solar god when he became "affiliated" with the sun god Ninib. As a result, Enlil was described "as a mighty ox or bull with glittering horns." Ninib then became a storm god (Vol. 1 p. 580). Ninib/NIN-IB was also the god Lahmu, one of the first gods created by the primordial deities Absu-Apsu and Tavtu-Tiamat in the Enuma Elish (see Smith, 1876, pp. 60, 62-66). However, Ninib was also Nergal, the "smiter" god. Both Lahmu and Nergal were storm gods (Hilprecht, 1910, Vol. 5, p. 47). Alternatively, Long (1987 [2015 edition]) said that Ninurta and Ninib were the same deity, and both were Kronos (Cronus) (p. 151 note 43):
Cumont (1912) said that Ninib was Kronos (Cronus) (p. 46). On the An=Anum list, Ninib is equated to Ninurta (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. xi, 1, and 21). Rollig (1971) said that Enlil was represented by the number 50. He also said that Ninurta was probably represented by 50 as well (p. 500 [German]). On the An = Anum list, Lahma (Lahmu) is equated to the god Anum and Antum (also spelled "Anu" and "Antu"). Ansar, also called Assur, is equated to Anum and Antum as well (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 22; note 14; p. 20; note 3; p. 21). On "the "Smaller An:Anum" list, Ansar is equated to Enlil. This is on the tablet CT 24 49 K. 4349E:7 (p. 21; note 8). Smith (1876) said that Anu was Lahma (Lahmu) and Sar/Assur (pp. 54-55, 66, and 68). In total, Enlil, Ninib-Ninurta, and Anu-Ansar-Assur, are all the same god.

Ea was called "'father Bel'" in a poem, as stated before in Sayce (1888) (p. 141). In the Chaldean pantheon, El, also called Enu-Elu-Kaptu, was "the original Bel of Babylon," and was the "lord of the surface of the earth and the affairs of men." Merodach-Marduk is the second Bel, and god of Babylon (Smith, 1876, pp. 57-58). Elu was the god of Nipur (p. 58), just like Enlil was the god of Nippur (Jordan, 2004 [2014 edition], pp. 83, 90, and 359) (Fontenrose, 2022, p. 157). Fontenrose (2022) also said that Enlil and Marduk were the same god, and he ruled over both Nippur and Babylon (p. 157). Beaulieu (2018) said that Marduk and Enlil were equated as the same deity (p. 204). Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) said that "the Old Bel reproduces himself in the Second, who is like Him." Or, the second Bel was "a Manifestation of the Older, and consequently his Son." This is why Kronos' first son is also called Kronos (p. 77). This is based on Sanchoniatho's book (p. 77 note 7). The Old Bel is El/Belitan (p. 208). Sayce (1888) said that Merodach was the "younger Bel," but both the older and younger Baal were sometimes mixed together (pp. 148-149). Mul-lil/older or father Bel of Nipur (Nippur) "became the Semitic Baal," (p. 148). Ea was equated to the older/father Bel/Mul-lil (pp. 141-142, and 145). Mullil is Enlil (Frayne and Stuckley, 2021, p. 94). Rollig (1971) said that Enlil and Marduk were equated to the number 50 (p. 500 [German]). Parpola (1993) said that both Enlil and Marduk were equated to 50 (p. 182 note 88). Toorn (1999) said that Marduk and Enlil were 50 (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842). This means that Ea, Enlil, and Marduk, were the same individual. They were all Bel. Long (1987 [2015 edition]) said that Marduk was Zeus (p. 151 note 43). Once again, Cronus and Zeus are shown to be the same deity.

In the Sumerian story Atrahasis, Ellil/Enlil is a warrior god (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition], pp. 9, 21, 27-28). After humans were created, they made too much noise for Ellil to sleep. As a result, he had disasters fall upon them (usually done by other gods, but something tells me they might be aliases of Ellil/Enlil). The last disaster was the flood (pp. 18-29, and 31-33). Interestingly, the god Adad sent the flood (p. 31). However, Ea-Enki said that only Ellil could create a flood. Ellil then "performed a bad deed to the people." From the sequence above that line, it seems that Ellil sent the flood (via. the god Adad) (p. 29). It should be stated that Adad has been equated to Enlil (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2020 edition], p. 168) and Yaw (Iu) as well (Langston, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43). Baal Adad/Hadad was "possibly the same as Bel (Enlil), Ea, Hadad, Ishkur, Jashar, Marduk, Riummon, Yahveh, and Zeus." Adad was also called "Ilhallubu (Babylonian), Ilumarru (Akkadian), Iluwir," among other names (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], pp. 13 and 168). Remember that Ilu is Enlil. According to Teixidor (1977 [2015 edition]), Poseidon was called El-Creator-of-the-Earth, Ea ("a-a-s"), El, and Baal Saphon (pp. 42-43). Albright (1994) said that "the principal form of Baal at Ugarit was Baal-saphon," and that he reigned on Mount Saphon while also having "a palace or temple in heaven." Baal Saphon "was the marine storm-god par excellence, like Greek Poseidon." Baal Saphon was the "Lord of the North," and "lord of the northern storms," (p. 127). Baal Saphon was also Baal Adad, and Adad "lived on Mount Sapon (Zaphon, Saphon)," (Sibley, 2009, p. 45). Baal Adad was called Baal Hadad in Ugarit, and Hadad lived on Mount Saphon (Ford, 2016, p. 190). Miller and Brandon (2014) said that Baal Adad-Hadad was the god of Mount Saphon, and was equated to Zeus (pp. 16 and 18). Adad was Enlil, meaning that Enlil sent the flood himself! This matches Genesis 6-7, in which a single god sent the flood. Alternatively, in the Chaldean flood account, Hea, Shamas, Vul, and Bel (Merodach), sent the flood together. All of these gods were El-Elu-Ilu originally, but El was later forgotten and his powers were dispersed to those other gods (Smith, 1884, pp. 148 and 216). Enlil was Baal Adad as well.

"El" is another name of Ieue in the Tanakh (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 410. el). El, also spelled Il ("IL"), Ilu ("ILU"), and Elu, is equated to the gods Enlil, Cronos, Zeus/Dyaus/Dagon, Yahweh (Ieue), and Marduk (Sanchoniatho, Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720 translation], pp. 29 and 32) (Smith, 1884, p. 148) (Fant and Reddish, 2008, p. 89) (Lewis, 2020, p. 113) (Aalta et al., 2020, p. 56) (Jordan, 2004 [2014 edition], pp. 83, 90, and 359) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Zeus, para. 1) (Binger, 1997, p. 78) (Caquot and Sznycer, 1980, p. 13) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enlil/Ellil) (Beaulieu, 2018, p. 204). On the An = Anum list, Elum is equated to Enlil (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 38). Enlil is said to be the son of An (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enlil/Ellil: Divine Genealogy and Syncretisms, para. 1) (Oldernburg, 1969, p. 11). This doesn't seem to be the case elsewhere though. According to Korpel and de Moor (2015), El/Ilu was "the Creator of All" in Ugarit and Canaan. He created "not merely at the beginning of the cosmos, but  many times after." He, and his wife Asherah, created "by word or thought alone." El also had sex with other goddesses and human women in order to create, and also "by molding clay like a potter." This is similar to Ieue in Genesis 2:7 (p. 3).


Vida (1944) said that El was called the "Lord of the Earth," and was Kronos (Cronus) and Poseidon (pp. 4-7). Thierens (1935 [2020 edition]) said that Enlil was the "Earth god" (p. 24). According to Smith (1876), Hea is Saturn-Cronus and Poseidon. Hea is the "god of the lower region," and "is lord of the sea or abyss" (p. 57). Hea was also equated to the planet Saturn, and he was also called "'Nin'" (Ninib?) (Smith, 1884, p. 216). Poseidon was originally the "god of the depths of earth, whence the sea originates" (Vida, 1944, p. 6 note 25). Ea-Enki is the "lord of the earth," and the "god of water" or "fresh waters beneath the earth" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ea). Kramer (1963) said that Enki was "the Sumerian Poseidon" (p. 197). Burkert (1977 [1985 translation]) said that Poseidon has been called "Husband of Earth," but this is "impossible to prove," (p. 136). However, Burkert said that Poseidon was the god of the sea and earthquakes, and was called the "Earth Shaker" (p. 137). As stated previously, Poseidon is equated to El and Ea. Dagan (Enlil) even has Poseidon's trident. Therefore, both Ea and Enlil are Poseidon. In Tablet 1 of the Enuma Elish, Ea kills the "progenitor" father god Apsu, and lives inside him (Apsu is the "deified underground waters") (Horowitz, 1998, pp. 109-111). This coincides with Ea being the "Lord of Apsu-Abzu" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ea, para. 2). This cycle of betrayal goes back a long way, as stated previously. Anu, or Ouranos, betrayed Alalu (the first god, and "a god of the earth") and took over the throne (Bachvarova, 2013 [in Chavalas, 2013], p. 274) (Livinstone, 2002, p. 89) (The Melammu Project, Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1)). Elu/Cronos/Kumarbi defeated Anu/Ouranos, and castrated him (Sanchoniatho, Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], pp. 30 and 34) (Livinstone, 2002, p. 89) (Bachvarova, 2013 [in Chavalas, 2013], p. 274) (The Melammu Project, Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1)). Later on, Cronus is defeated by Zeus (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Zeus, para. 2). 

Enlil separated heaven (An) and earth (Ki), according to The Creation of the Pickaxe poem (Kramer, 1944 [1961 edition], Ch. 2, pp. 36, 39-40). In Sanchoniatho's Phoenician History, Ilu-Elu-Cronus castrated Ouranus (Uranus) ([Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 34). This is similar to Cronus castrating Uranus in the Greek pantheon. This was to symbolic "separating heaven from earth" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cronus, para. 2). The Mesopotamian god Anu got castrated by Kumarbi, and Kumarbi was defeated by Teshub. Anu is Ouranos, Kumarbi is Cronus, and Teshub is Zeus (Livinstone, 2002, p. 89) (The Melammu Project, Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1)). El is also Kumarbi (Encyclopaedia Britannica, El, para. 2). Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]) also suggested that Ea was probaly Kumarbi as well (p. 175). The Egyptian god Shu also separated the sky (Neith) and earth (Nu) from each other. Nu is the male god (Clair, 1898, p. 175). Funny how An, Anu, and Nu, all have similar names. In the Enuma Elish, Marduk kills the mother goddess Tiamat, and splits her in two. One part of her body "covers the heavens," or is the heavens. The other half becomes the earth (Enuma Elish, Tablet 4 [King, 1902, translation]) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Enuma Elish, The Plot, para. 2). In Genesis 1, the gods (Elohim; usually translated as "God") separate the waters. The top layer of water becomes the heavens, and the bottom layer of water becomes the seas (Genesis 1:6-10). The water is the sea goddess Tehowm (Genesis 1:1-10 [Harwood, 2017 translation, p. 2]). In Genesis 2:4, Yahweh elohim is the creator of heaven and earth, or "fashioned the land and the skies" (Genesis 2:4) (Genesis 2:4b [Harwood, 2001 translation, p. 2]). Anu, Ea, Enlil, Cronus, Kumarbi, Shu, and Marduk, are all basically doing the same action. Brown (1898) also said that Kronos/Karnaios was a sun god (pp. 116-118). As stated previously, Enlil was a sun god too. 

In the Atrahasis, Ea/Enki warns Atrahasis to build a boat to survive the flood that Ellil-Enlil brought upon the Earth (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition], pp. 28-31). In 1 Enoch 6, the Archangel Uriel warns Noah to build the boat. The Archangel Uriel is the god Uranus (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Uriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). This would make Anu, and Ea, the Archangel Uriel. Since Enlil is also Cronos, he would also be Uriel as well. However, Cronus is the Archangel Cassiel, who is associated with the planet Saturn (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Cronus is known as Saturn in the Roman pantheon (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cronus, para. 1). This would make Enlil the Archangel Cassiel.

El figurines were those of an older male figure sitting. The "Enthroned deity" from Canaan in the 14th-13th century BC is one such figurine. It's wearing a conical hat, which might've been Egyptian in origin (The Met Museum, Enthroned deity, para. 1-2). El is also stated to have wings (Encyclopaedia Britannica, El, para. 2). The figure of Enlil from the Iraq Museum shows Enlil sitting, which is similar to the El figurines. 

"Enthroned deity"/El figurine from the 14th-13th century BC (The Met Museum, Enthroned deity, para. 2):
El is also the god of the archangels and angels. The name "el" is in the words ("archangEL" and "angEL"), so this would mean that the archangels and angels serve El. As to where the archangels came from, I think I may have an answer. In the Phoenician religion, Ilu/Elu was the leader of a group of gods called Eloim, the "Ilu's men" (Sanchoniatho, Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720 translation], p 31). The Eloim, or Elohim, are in the Tanakh/Old Testament. Although the word Elohim is plural, it is usually translated as a singular name for Yahavah. However, Yahavah is part of the Elohim (Biglino, 2023, Ch. 2, Sections 1-2). For example, the Darby Bible Translation/DBT spells his name as "Jehovah Elohim" in Genesis 2:4-end. In fact, the Hebrew straight up says "Yahweh elohim" in Genesis 2:4 (Bible Hub, Interlinear, Genesis 2:4). Interestingly, the word "elohim" is the plural form of "eloah" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 430. elohim, NAS Exhaustive Concordance) and "el" (Biglino, 2023, Ch. 2 Section 1: What "God" Means). 
Bible Hub says that el can be singular and plural word for God or gods (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 410. el) In Psalm 82, el and elohim are mentioned (Bible Hub, Interlinear, Psalm 82:1). Vida (1944) says that El is a Semitic term for "god," but it is also the Semitic, and Aramaic, name of a singular deity (pp. 1-2). Fant and Reddish (2008) said that the word el could mean "any god" (p. 87). It seems that El is a singular word and a name, and Elohim is the plural form of the name/word. Therefore, in Psalm 82, el is singular form and elohim is the plural form. The name Zeus was used in a similar fashion to El's (Stornoway, 2019, p. 196).

This is how Psalm 82:1 is usually translated (Bible Hub, Interlinear, Psalm 82:1):
However, with el being a singular word/name (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 410. el), this would be a singular god. More than likely, this is El himself. This would re-translate Psalm 82:1 as the following:

"A Psalm of Asaph. The gods (Elohim) take their stand in the congregation of El-among the gods He judges."

Italics indicate where I made the changes. I used the NASB translation for help translating as well. From this, we can see that El is judging the Elohim. Apparently, the Elohim weren't doing their jobs properly ("judging unfairly"), so El threatens them that they "will die like any prince" unless they change their ways (Psalm 82:2-8). Seems that El doesn't just punish/harm people, but other gods as well...

Psalm 82 (NOG):
We also have to talk about Elyon. Elyon is another name given to Ieue in the Bible, and it means "high" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 5946. Elyon). Sanchoniatho said that Elioun, also called Hypsistus, "the Most High." He was married to Beruth, and was the father of Ouranus and Ge (Sanchoniatho, 
Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], pp. 28-29). Another name for God is "Theos." According to Bible Hub, theos is a name for "God," or "a god" (Strong's Greek, 2316. theos).There was also a Theos/Zeus Hypsistos, meaning Theos/Zeus the "Highest" (Mikalson, 2009, p. 109) (Chaniotis, 2010, p. 120 [in Mitchell and Nuffelen, 2010]) (Mitchel, 2010, p. 170 [in Mitchell and Nuffelen, 2010]). In fact, Collar (2013) said that "'Theos Hypsistos' was the Greek Septuagint translation of the Hebrew" name "El Elyon, and the term has long been associated with Judaism" (pp. 224 and 227). Giambrone (2022) said the same thing (p. 194). Sanchoniatho's book, Phoenician History, was probably made around the 1st century AD (McCants, 2012, p. 16 note 11). Sanchoniatho stated that Elioun was the grandfather of Elu/Cronos. Elioun is also the grandfather of Dagon/Demaroon/Zeus. However, Elioun died in a "fight with wild beats." The reason why Elyon is Cronus'/Zeus' "grandfather," and died, is because these deities were turned into humans ([Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], pp. 28-29, 30, 32, and 35). This was due to Hellenization (McCants, 2012, p. 16 note 11). 

As to why Elyon is El's grandfather, there might be a surprising reason behind it. L'Heureux (1979 [2019 edition]) said that Elioun is the god of Beirut, and "Sanchoniathon was a native of Beirut." It is suspected that Sanchoniatho made Elioun the chief deity because of this (p. 44). Originally, Elyon is "not documented in the Ugaritic texts, not anywhere else in our epigraphical sources for Canaanite and Phoenician religion," as an ancestor for El. His placement there is "secondary and artificial." Philo Byblius also seems to have had a hand in this as well (pp. 43-44, and 46). 

In the Tanakh, both El and Ieue have been equated to Elyon. In Genesis 14:17-22, we have "El Elyon" and "Yahweh El Elyon":
Vida (1944) stated that El Elyon and Yahweh were not the same deity, and that the conflation of the two individuals came from a later date. In fact, Yahweh, El, and Elyon, are three separate deities (pp. 1-4). Tov (2001) also stated that Elyon, El, and Yahweh, are three separate deities (p. 269). In Deuteronomy 32:8-12, God the Most High (Elyon) separated the land under the numbers of the amount of angels there were. Yahavah was chosen to look over Israel. The passage states that "Jacob is the allotment" of Yahavah's inheritance, and He watched over Jacob's people (Jacob is Israel [Genesis 32:28]). According to Merriam Webster, allotment means to allot something (Merriam Webster, Allotment). Allot means to "assign as a share or portion" (Merriam Webster, Allot). Did Elyon give the land of Jacob to Ieue? Or, if Elyon is El and Yahavah, did he inherit the Israelites from himself? Now, in the Septuagint translation, God (Elyon) is said to have given the land to the angels to rule over. In other translations, whether it be NASB, CJB, or NOG, the angels are translated as being the "sons of Israel." Tov (2001) said that this retranslation was due to trying to enforce monotheism (p. 269). 

However, if Elyon wasn't originally El's grandfather, then who was he originally? Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) said that "The legend of the death of Elioun or Hypsistos is undoubtedly based upon the cult of Adonis of Gebal, whose wounding by a boar in the precipitous mountain valley of the Adonis River" goes to "the sea at Gebal, is one of the episodes of this cult." Byblos was Gebal, and was founded by Ilos/Cronos/El (p. 66). In Gebal, El was Adonis. Astarte, El's sister-wife, was Aphrodite in Byblos (p. 67). L'Heureux (1979 [2019 edition]) said that "Elioun's death" was based on the "myths of Adonis cult," (p. 44). Using the "8th century Sefire Treaty inscriptions," it seems that Elyon is an epithet of El. Scholars like R. Lack, and others, have taken this position as well. It should be noted that other gods that were considered in charge were called "Elyon" as well, but there was no independent god called Elyon (pp. 45-46). Another hypothesis describing the name El Elyon could mean "'El, that is, Elyon'," (p. 46). Dunlap (1898) said that Adonis of Byblus, and Elioun, share similar deaths (p. 166), and he equates the two gods as "Adonis-Elyon," (p. 167). Soury (1881) said that "Adonis was certainly Elioun, the 'Most High'." Adonis was also Tammouz (p. 56). The Greek god Adonis was celebrated in Byblos with "annual festivals called Adonia." This was to help with "the growth of vegetation and the falling of rain." Adonis was the lover of Aphrodite, and one story has him dying by a boar during a hunt. Aphrodite went to Zeus for help, and Zeus "allowed Adonis to spend half of each year with her and half in the underworld." Adonis' name "is believed to be of Phoenician in origin (from 'adon, 'lord')." Adonis was "identified with the Babylonian god Tammuz," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adonis). Yahweh was also called Adonay (or Adonai), which also meant "Lord" (Dawson, 1888, p. 369 note 1) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 136. Adonay). Tammuz, also called Dumuzi, is the son of Enki. Tammuz dying is "viewed as the power of the grain, dying when the grain was milled," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tammuz, para. 2-3). All of this matches Langdon's statement that El is Adonis in Byblos/Gebal. Elyon-Hypsistos-Adonis, El (Enlil), and Ieue (Ea), are all the same god.

Elyon assigned the Israelites to himself in Deuteronomy, or the author made it look that way. I think this was probably a method to make the Israelites seem special compared to other Semitic or Hebrew tribes. There was a lot of infighting between the tribes in the Tanakh... There's an example that we can use for this as well. Dan/Zan, later called Potei Dan, Poseidon, and Dios, was the original Zeus and god of the first Greeks ("Minyan Greeks") from 2000 BC. The second generation of Greeks, the "Achaean Greeks," worshipped the "Sky-god Zeus." They made Poseidon a lesser version of Zeus because these new Greeks became the new rulers of the land. This was unnecessary because Poseidon and Zeus were the same god (Seltman, 1956, p. 33). Whoever rules the land makes their god the top god. Following this line of logic, to me, the Israelites were Elyon-El-Ieue's chosen people because they ruled the land of Israel.

Deuteronomy 32:8-12 (NASB):
NOG (This version calling the Most High "Elyon"):
In summation, El/El Elyon is the leader of the Elohim. Elohim were gods, and the word is the plural form of the name El. 

The Elohim were also called Baalim, and Baal was the leader of the Baalim. This is like El as the leader of the Elohim (Massey, 1907, Vol. 1, p. 497). El and Baal were the same god. In Exodus 15, Ieue is compared to the Baelim (Baalim) (Exodus 15:11 [interlinear]):
The Elohim and Baalim are the gods, and Elyon-El-Ieue-Baal is their leader.

(5/2/26) I now believe that "Yahweh elohim" (Ieue Elohim) means that the Elohim/gods were different versions of Ieue himself.   

In the 1720 commentary to Sanchoniatho's book, Rev. Cumberland said that Cronus, Zeus, Belus, Baal, Moloch, and Osiris, are the same person. However, Zeus was also a son of Cronus. The second Cronus is the first son of the original Cronus (pp. 113, 152, 336-337). Sanchoniatho also stated that Zeus Belus was the second son of Cronus ([Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 32). Rev. Taylor (1833) also stated that Jehovah, Jupiter, Adonis, Ammon, Hercules, Osiris, Dionysus, Aesculapius, Apollo, Phoebus, Bacchus, Pluto, and Baal, Bel, and El Belus, were all the same individual that represented the sun (p. 340). Acharya S (2004) said that Saturn-Cronus and Yahweh were the same deity, and were both sun gods (p. 121). Two other gods associated with Jupiter are Enlil, and Marduk. In fact, the Enuma Elish story was probably originally going to be about Enlil. Both Enlil and Marduk were also called Bel/Baal (Kasak and Veede, 2001, p. 12; p. 14, Table 2) (Dalley, 2021, pp. 101-102) (Fontenrose, 2022, p. 157). 

Originally, when I first heard about El Shadday, I read that it was usually translated as "God Almighty"/"Almighty God" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7706, Shadday, Strong's Concordance) (Dever, 2005, p. 257) (Feldt, 2007, p. 110). Other translations are "God of the Mountain," and "God of the Breasts" (Biale, 1982, p. 254) (Feldt, 2007, p. 110) (Barker, 2012, p. 3). In fact, the word "shad" in Hebrew means "female beast" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7699. shad, Strong's Concordance). The word "day" means "sufficiency" and "enough" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 1767. day, Strong's Concordance). Therefore, the true meaning of the name could be "god of the sufficient female breast(s)." 

El Shadday seems to have always been associated with fertility. For example, Genesis 17:1-9 also shows El Shadday ("God Almighty") appearing to Abram (Abraham), and saying that he will have many descendants. This name for Jeu was worshipped by the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Biale, 1982, p. 252) (Barker, 2012, p. 3) (Exodus 6:2-3) (Dever, 2005, pp. 257-258). El Shadday also helped with the births of Samson and Samuel (Biale, 1982, p. 252), and even Joseph (the multi-colored coat) seemed to have worshipped Her (Barker, 2012, p. 3). Apparently, El Shadday appeared, and was worshipped, before Yahavoh was (Exodus 6:2-3).

I thought that El Shadday was a name for Asherah, but I found out that I was sorely mistaken. El Shadday does not mean "god of the breasts," or "god of the sufficient female breasts." Despite being translated as "God Almighty," the definition of Shadday is "field" or "land." It comes from the word shadad (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7706. Shadday, Strong's Concordance; Strong's Exhaustive Concordance), which means to "to deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7703. shadad, Strong's Concordance). If the word shadad looks familiar, that's because it looks like the name Hadad, a name for Baal! I also know now that the word El is most likely the name of the god El. The true definition of El Shadday should be "god of violence," or something like that. For the NASB translation of the word shadad, "destroy (7 times)," "destroyer (9 times)," and "destroyed (12 times)," were used the most (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7703. shadad, Strong's Concordance). Seems like "the god of violence/god the destroyer," would be the more accurate translation for El Shadday. 

El Shadday could also mean something more sinister. The name could also mean "god [Allah] of demons" (Harwood, 2001 [2010 edition], pp. 22, 42, and 88). Mordechai (2019) also said that Shaddai (Shadday) meant "spirit or demon," and a large stone with a humanoid figure having the head of a bull (from Sargon the 2nd's palace) is one of these spirits. Mordechai then tries to separate El Shadday from these spirits or demons (p. 112). I'm not buying that. Rev. Taylor (1833) said that Baal Shadai ("God Almighty"/Shadday), and Beelzebub, were the same individual (p. 339). Beelzebub, also spelled Baalzebub, is "the prince of the devils" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Beelzebub). 

Bull spirit/demon stone figure from Sargon 2nd's palace in Assyria (Mordechai, 2019, p. 112):
This bull figure is called the "Cultic stele" in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem. It dates to the "Iron Age II, 9th-8th century BCE." The figure was either the god Hadad, "or the moon god," or "a fusion of the two," (Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Explore the Collection, Cultic stele):
Harwood (2001 [2017 edition]) said that the word shadayim was translated into "devil" or "demon," but this same word is Shadday and should be translated as "demon" too (p. 87). From what I've been able to find, the Hebrew word Siddim means "evil powers or deities," and "devils." The root word is ShD, which is the same root word of El Shadday (Blavatsky, 1892, p. 298) (Lesley, 1886, p. 306). ShD is also spelled shdd, and it means "to destroy" (Ryle, 1921, p. 197) (Lesley, 1886, p. 306). ShD and shdd must be the word Shadad. ShD/Shadad always had a negative connotation. Shadday (or Shaddai) is also spelled ShDI and Shedi, and means "all destroyer" in the Septuagint (Greek translation of the Tanakh) and Seth/Typhon (Lesley, 1886, pp. 305-306, 308, and 312). Shed, or SheD, means demon. ShaD means "female breast." ShD in Shadday doesn't mean female breast. Therefore, ShDI/SheDI/Shedi (Shadday) more than likely means demon (p. 306). Looks like Harwood (2017) was right. Massey (1907) said that El Shadday "might be Sut, Seth, or Anup," in the Kamite religion. El Shadday was also a "star-god" (Vol. 1, p. 499). 

In his 1720 commentary to Sanchoniatho's book, Rev. Cumberland said that Ilu (Elu)/Cronos was probably similar to Shadday. This is stated during a scene in Phoenician History where Cronos killed one of his sons called Sadid, due to "having a suspicion of him" (p. 31). Once again, this word is associated with violence. Lewis (2020) said that the members of El's divine council were called "'shaddays' at Dier' Alla," (p. 113):
The name Enlil also tells us that this god was associated with demons. "Lil" means "demon" (Jastrow, 1898, Part 1, p. 53) (Thierens, 1935 [2020 edition], p. 24). Therefore, Enlil means "chief demon" (Jastrow, 1898, Part 1, p. 53). I'm guessing that Ellil means "god demon," or "El the demon." El Shadday was also called Bel Sade/Beal Shadai/Baal Shadai (Rev. Taylor, 1833, p. 339) (Day, 2000 [2010 edition], p. 33). Day (2000) said that Shaddai meant "'the mountain one,'" and was used for El a lot. Day also says that, according to a researcher named Cross, the name Bel Sade meant "'lord of the mountain'." Shaddayyin was plural for gods (pp. 33-34).

Day (2000 [2010 edition]) on Bel Sade (Baal Shadday) and Shaddayyin (p. 33):
However, we now know that Shadday could means demon. Bel Sade/Baal Shadday could mean "lord of demons," or "lord the destroyer"/"lord of destruction."

El was also equated to Seth as Setel/Set-El/El Sadi (El Shadday). Shed means demon in Hebrew, and Sada means "'demon in Syriac'." The name "Set" seems to be "meaning the Sun-god and also the Demon" (Dunlap, 1894, p. 228 note 2):
After checking Strong's Hebrew, it seems that Shadday means "demon" after all. The Hebrew word for "demon," and "evil spirit," is shed (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 7700. shed), and it has the same root word that Shadday has: "to be powerful," or "to destroy"/"act with violence." Shadday also has the same letters in it that make up the word shed (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 7700. shed) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 7706. Shadday). Taking this, and the previous information accumulated earlier, I have no other choice but to make Sheday mean "Demon."

Shed (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 7700. shed):
Shadday (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 7706. Shadday):
In total, 'Al Sheday (El Shadday) means "El the demon." Bel/Baal Sheday is "Lord the Demon." He also seems to be Seth, which makes sense since the magical gem from the British Museum has two hexagrams next to Seth-Iao on it. It should be noted that, originally, 'Al Sheday or "God the Demon" didn't connotate an evil meaning originally (Harwood, 2001 [2010 edition], p. 22). However, if we're going to use the meaning of the root word for Sheday, and how Christianity uses the word demon, then 'Al Sheday/God the Demon is a malevolent entity. The god of the Bible is the Demonic Deity. 

El is described as a "'bull' with powerful horns and a thick white beard" (Caquot and Sznycer 1980, p. 12) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, El, para. 2). Hmm. A bull god that rules over bull spirits or demons? How ironic. El as the bull was a symbol of his "procreative powers" (Pope, 1955, p. 35). Lewis (2020) shows a "bronze figurine of a muscular bull" that probably represented Ilu (El). It came from Ugarit (Lewis, 2020, p. 159 Figure 5.32):

It has also been stated that El being equated with the bull cemented his status as the leader of the gods. It was also a symbol for senior members of the pantheon (Lewis, 2020, pp. 154-155). Typhos/Set-Typhon was represented by the "Golden Bull" (Dunlap, 1894, pp. 196 and 228 note 2). Sounds like the golden calf from Exodus. The golden calf was said to have been the "gods" who delivered Israel out of Egypt (Exodus 32:4). Natan (2006) said that Il/El was a moon god (Vol. 2, p. 391). Rev. Taylor (1833) said that Jehovah, Jupiter, Adonis, Ammon, Hercules, Osiris, Dionysus, Aesculapius, Apollo, Phoebus, Bacchus, Pluto, and Baal, Bel, and El Belus, represented the sun (p. 340). El was Kronos, "Bel and Bolaten," "Abel (Abelios)," "Hael (Hel)," Aelios/"Helios (the Sun)," Apollon/Apollo,  "Saturn and Sol," Horus, Dionysus, and Set (Setel/Set-El/El Sadi [El Shadday]) (Dunlap, 1894, pp. 5, 74, and 228 note 2). Il (El) was equated to Ra, and Asshur (Rawlinson, 1882, pp. 50-51). In Egypt, the Hyksos equated El with the god Re (Ra) Har-akhty (Seters, 1966, p. 178).


Cronus was also called Zeus, under the name Zeus Laphystios. He was also Baal (Brown, 1898, pp. 118, 146-147) (Brown, 1902, p. 127). It is said that human sacrifices were offered to Zeus Laphystios (Stoll, 1852, pp. 22-23) (Brown, 1899, p. 197). Zeus Laphystios also seems to have been associated with the ram, which was a solar symbol (Brown, 1899, pp. 197-198). Zeus was called Iw/Io, Kouros the son of Kronos, and was the leader of daimones/demons (Kershaw, 1997, pp. 160-161).

Allah's name (Allah.org, Allah [God]):

Allah is the god of Islam. The name means "the" (al-) "God" (Ilah), which comes together as Allah. The name "is probably a contraction," and derives from "il, el, and eloah, the latter two used in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Allah, para. 1-2). Ilah came from "aliha"/"Ya’lahu" in pre-Islamic times. The “i” in Al-ilah was dropped over time to form the name Allah (Rafiabadi, 2003, p. 202). Harwood (2001) said that "Al" was "sometimes transcribed as El," and "allahiym is usually transcribed as elohim," (p. vii). In the Jewish language, El is spelled with an alef (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 410. el). This would've made the spelling of the name as "'Al" (or "Aal"). Using our modern spelling method, El would actually be 'l (Al) because the alef is silent (pronounce just the "L"). 

'l (Al) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 410. el):

In the Jewish language, using the ancient alphabet, Eloah is spelled as 'lue (Alue). It is "probably prolonged" from 'l (El) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 433. eloah, Lexical Summary and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance):

'l (Al) is the name of Enlil in the Jewish religion, while in the Islamic religion he's called Allah (or 'llah). In the Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, 'l is "Shortened from 'ayil." The NAS Exhaustive Concordance doesn't give an origin for the name, and says that the name itself is a primitive root (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 410. el):

'ayil, or 'il (ail), means a ram, a leader, a tree or oak tree, or a pillar (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 352. ayil):
Hawthorne (1887) said that El was the "old Chaldean word for Ram" (p. 19), and the god "signified a ram, but also a lamb, or any other kind of sheep," (p. 24 note 1). We already know that one of Ea's symbols is the ram. This solidifies 'l (Enlil) being Ea/Ieue once and for all.


Just like Anum and Enlil, Il/El/Ilah/Allah is also associated with the moon (Natan, 2006, Vol. 2, p. 391). Wake (1870) said that the moon was worshipped before the sun, and that Saturn/El/Ra, represented the moon first (p. 214). The holy book of Islam is the Qur'an (Palmer, 2017, Introduction [p. 1]). The god of the Bible was also the god of the Qur'an. 


Bois (2010) said that "Enlil and Enki are probably variations of the same god (Ea)" (p. 363 note 370). Bois also says that Enki was '''The Savage Bull of Sky and Earth,'" and Enllil was called "the Wild Ox that destroys through hurricane and flood." Enki, as a result, "must sometimes be a lunar god." The bull was also a symbol of the solar god and the sun (p. 363; note 370). This would make both Enlil and Enki sun gods.

Bois (2010) (P. 363 [Enki as the "Savage Bull"]):

P. 363 note 370 (Enlil and Enki were the same god called Ea; Enllil was "The Wild Ox"):

To my surprise, there are deeper connections between Ea and Enlil than I thought. There seems to have been a rivalry between the cities of Eridu and Nippur. Nippur and Eridu were the first two Babylonian cities. Nippur was the Northern Babylonian city, and Eridu was the Southern city. Eventually, the two cities merged (Spence, 1916 [2010 edition], pp. 14-15) (Kramer, 1972, p. viii). As for Enki, he lost the battle against Enlil in terms of dominance, and he was called Enlilbanda (Kramer, 1972, p. viii). Enlilbanda seems to have different meanings. Enlilbanda could mean "'Junior Enlil'" (Kramer, 1972, p. viii) (Frayne and Stuckley, 2021, p. 96) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea [god], Ea’s creatures: Name and Spellings). Another possible meaning comes from the "Akkadian prayer entitled 'Enlil of Intelligence.'" In the prayer, Enki is called "Enlilbanda, the skilled, the blessed..." Therefore, Enlilbanda means "Enlil of Intelligene" (Kalugila, 1980, p. 41; note 18). Regardless of its meaning, Cohen (2013) said that Enlilbanda was "the craftsman god," and "a nickname of Ea," (p. 117). Frayne and Stuckley (2021) said that Enlilbanda was "One of the names of Enki-Ea," (p. 96). Eridu's culture would eventually turn into Babylon's (Spence, 1916 [2010 edition], pp. 14-15). 


According to Yakubovick (2010), Ea/Iya also seem to have been "El-Creator-of-Earth" ('l qn 'rs/Elkunirsa) in the Karatepe inscriptions (in Cohen et al., 2010, pp. 391, 393-394). In the first two "Luvian" inscriptions (called "Hu" and "Ho"), Ea is mentioned. In the third inscription, which is Phoenician ("Phu"), El-Creator-of-Earth is mentioned. Since Tarhunt of Heaven is mentioned in the first two inscriptions, then he must be Baal of Heaven in the third one. Since sun of Heaven is mentioned in the first two inscriptions, he must be the Eternal Sun in the third one. Following that logic, since Ea is mentioned in the first two inscriptions, then he must be El-Creator-of-Earth in the third one (p. 391). This equates Ea and El as being the same deity.

Karatepe inscriptions (Yakubovick, 2010; in Cohen et al., 2010, pp. 391):
I should note that the name "I-ia" would come out as Ia. Thus, another spelling of the name Ea is Ia. This would be the Phoenician spelling of his name.

According to Keel and Uehlinger (1996), in Judah, a pottery "sherd" (shard) from the seventh century B.C. was found that had the name "El creator of Earth" on it. The owners of the pottery shard had Yahwistic names. The authors concluded that, since nothing seems to state otherwise, "Yahweh was known as El" in Judah and Jerusalem (p. 311). This shard was originally described by Miller, Jr. (1980).

Yakubovick also stated that Dietrich (2007) "described El as the Ugaritic 'pendant' of Ea." There also seems to be a connection between Kumarbi/Kumarma and Ea in the Tell Ahmar and CEKKE inscriptions, especially in the CEKKE inscription where the phrase "Kumarbi and Ea" is inscribed. Thus, Ea, Kumarbi, and El, are equated as the same deity (pp. 391-394).

CEKKE inscription (Yakubovick, 2010; in Cohen et al., 2010, p. 393):
Elkunirsa/El was married to Asertu/Asherah (Day, 2000, p. 60) (Singer, 2007; in Kosak, 2007, p. 632). Ea and Enlil had their abodes in the same location. El's abode was either near the Euphrates/Malta River (Yakubovick, 2010; in Cohen et al., 2010, p. 394) (Singer, 2007; in Kosak, 2007, p. 632) (Day, 2014, p. 29) like Yahweh (Yahavah) in the Bible (Day, 2014, p. 29), "the 'two thmt-waters,' possibly 'heaven' and ocean,'" while Enki's "abode is only related to the subterranean ocean," (Tsumura, 2005, p. 139), or both the Tigris and Euphrates/Mala Rivers (Dijkstra, 2013; in Becking, 2013, p. 83) (George and George, 2014, p. 62) (Matthiae, 2020, Ch. 5. Early Syrian religion, the Red Temple, and the Temple of the Rock), like Enki did (George and George, 2014, p. 62) (Matthiae, 2020, Ch. 5. Early Syrian religion, the Red Temple, and the Temple of the Rock). This is interesting because the two rivers flowing out of Enki in artistic depictions are the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Jacobsen, 1976, p. 111). Pope (1955) said that "El's abode" was "clearly subterranean," (p. 27). This matches Ea's abode in being subterranean. Both Ea and Enlil had their abodes in the same location. Yahweh's (Ieue's) mountain was between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Harwood, 2001 [2017 edition], p. vi):
This matches both Ea's, and Enlil's, abodes. All three gods had the same abodes.

In artwork, Ea is shown with a "'flowing vase'," which seams to be equated with "life-giving water" (Kramer and Maier, 1989, p. 203). The seated god associated with the vase with streams of flowing water coming out of it, or streams coming out of the god himself, "was assimilated to Enki" (pp. 120 and 123). This can be seen on the "The Enthroned Enki" seal, with Enki in the center, sitting, and holding a vase with water and fish coming out of it (p. 123 Figure 3):

According to Matthiae (2020), there are "Old Syrian glyptics from the first half of the second millennium BC" that shows El "with the same attributes as Enki, bearing overflowing pots of water, or with subterranean waters flowing from this figure," (Ch. 5. Early Syrian religion, the Red Temple, and the Temple of the Rock):

This can be seen on pp. 100 and 107 in Toyraanvouri (2021). Figures 3 and 6 depict a seated ("enthroned") god "holding a goblet from which two streams of water issue," (p. 100 Figure 3). The "enthroned figures bearing cups" are stated to be "El-type deities" (p. 107 Figure 6; p. 108). In Figure 6, it seems that there is a stream of water coming out of the shoulder of El and going into a goblet on the ground (pers. obs.). This is reminiscent of the streams of water coming out of Ea's body on the Adda Seal.

Figure 3 from Toyraanvouri (2021) (p. 100):
Seated figure is "probably El" (p. 108):
Figure 6 from Toyraanvouri (2021) (p. 107):
El in both of these figures looks identical to Ea from the The Enthroned Enki seal. de Jassy (1908) said that El/Elu was a sea god ("El haiom, the Seagod, the God who started from the water,"). The water is also said to be "the mother of El," (1908; in Carus, 1908, Vol. 18 pp. 130-131). Sounds exactly like Ea being the son of the primeval waters.

We've already talked about Ninurta before, but I've found something interesting about him. Ningirsu, who was Ninurta and Ninib (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2021 edition], p. 348) (Clark, 1913; in The American Journal of Theology, 1913, Vol. 17 p. 417) (Langdon, 1913, p. 141), was depicted as a seated god with overflowing vases (Frothingham, 1916, pp. 183-184) (Nadali, 2011, p. 214) (Suter, 2000, p. 67). Suter (2000) even said that Ningirsu, in Lagas, took the overflowing vase "from the water god of earlier images," (p. 67). This can be seen on the "cylinder seal of king Gudea" (Frothingham, 1916, pp. 183 Figure 3) (Nadali, 2011, p. 214 Figure 2).

Ningirsu (Ninurta-Ninib) (far right) seated, and with the overflowing vases on the cylinder seal of king Gudea (Nadali, 2011, p. 214 Figure 2):

Since Ninurta is Cronus, and was the seated god with an overflowing vase, this would equate him to being both Ea and Enlil. Better yet, Rollig (1971) said that Enlil, Marduk, Ninurta, and Ea, were equated to the number 50 (p. 500 [German]). Parpola (1993) said that Enlil, Marduk, and Ninurta, were equated to 50. Ninurta was also the number 40, just like Ea (p. 182 notes 87-88). Toorn (1999) said that Ninurta was 40 (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842). On the "An = Anum Tablet Forerunner CBS 331," and on Tablet 1 of the An = Anum list,  Ninurta is equated to the number 40, also called d40 and dnimin (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 64, 82, 99, 282,  434, 699, 721, and 753) (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 45, 47, and 87-88). Plus, Ninurta and Ea share the name of dzi-zi-da (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 82, 114, 282, and 357) (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 45 and 87). This would make Ea and Ninurta the same god. Finally, Litke said that Ninurta was equated to IM (Adad), Nabu, and Marduk (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 44 note 205). In total, Enlil, Marduk, Ea, Ninurta, Nabu, and Adad are the same individual.


As if that wasn't interesting enough, Ea was probably Enlil's father! On the An =Anum list, the god Lugaldukuga, equated to the god "a.a. Enlillake," is the father of Enlil (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 37; note 147). According to Horowitz (1998), on the "Late Babylonian tablet from Sippar," called CT 13 35-38, the incantation called The Bilingual Creation of the World by Marduk seems to state that Lugaldukuga was "Enki/Ea" (pp. 129-130). On CT 41 39, "Lugaldukuga is identified as Ea." Marduk is the son of Ea. Also, this incantation suggests that "Enki, rather than Marduk, fashioned the world," (Horrowitz, 1998, pp. 129-130). If Lugaldukuga was Ea, then this could mean that Ea was considered to be the father of Enlil-Marduk! But at the same time, Ea was also equated to Enlil-Marduk. It would be much easier just to say that all these deities were the same entity.


Let's talk about Marduk for a second. Marduk, also called Bel/Lord, was the top god of Babylon "and the national god of Babylonia." He was "the god of 50 names," and "of thunderstorms." His "star was Jupiter." He was also the star of the poem the Enuma Elish, in which he became the top god after defeating Tiamat. His consort was Zarpanitu. Bel (Enlil) "had all the attributes of Marduk, and his status and cult were much the same." Later on, Bel/Enlil became "the god of order and destiny," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Marduk) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Enlil). This helps to explain how Enlil and Marduk eventually merged together, as stated above. Another name of Marduk is Asalluhe, the "city-god of Ku'ar." He was the son of Enki-Ea, and a magic and thunder god. He seems to be the same god as Ishkur-Adad (Jacobsen, 1970, pp. 23-24, and 29). On the An = Anum list, Asarluhi is a name of Marduk (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 89). Merodach, another spelling of the name Marduk (Smith, 1876, p. 57) (Budge, 1891, p. 127), was "connected to the 'the fish of Ea,'" which is Pisces (Mackenzie, n.a [2023 edition], Astrology and Astronomy). According to Tyson (2024), "Marduk is called 'the fish of Enki/Ea,'" and the fish is the symbol of Enki-Ea (p. 37). Just like Ea, fish were sacrificed to Marduk/Bel in his temple (Burkert, 1972, p. 207) (Michalowski, 2025; in Ulanowski and Warburton, 2025, pp. 180-181). In fact, fish were sacrificed to Ninurta, Enki (Ea), and Marduk (Lewis and Llewellyn-Jones, 2018, Marine Creatures: Fish). Horus, Marduk, and Bacchus, were the fish. Marduk, in particular, was the "personating fish of Hea (Ea)," (Straiton, 1927, Vol. 2 p. 177). Hea (Ea) was also Pisces (p. 218). Ea, Marduk, and Ninurta, were the fish/Pisces. As a result of Enlil merging with Marduk, Enlil is also the fish/Pisces. This makes Enlil the bull, ram, and fish, god. Perhaps Enlil was always the fish god, since his and Marduk's cults were very similar anyway. You can also say that Marduk is Ea reborn, since the son is the father reborn as stated previously. Jacob (2005) said that Enki, and Marduk, were the same god (p. 166).

Map of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah (Jewish Virtual Library, The Two Kingdoms of Israel):

I think it's necessary to figure out how Ea got so many different names. From what I've been able to find, Ea's different names came from the different people that worshipped him. The names of the tribes usually came from the deities, or a family leader. For example, as stated above, the Ammonites worshipped Baal. There was a god named Baal Ammon. Therefore, this must've been how the Ammonites received their name. On the other hand, the Semites received their name from a man named Shem, a son of Noah (Bible Hub, Topical Bible, Semites, 1. Biblical References; 3. Original Home of the Semites). Now, let's use this method to see which Hebrew tribe worshipped which form of Yahavah. 

Before, I said that Yahavah sounds like the best way to say the Tetragrammaton. This is based on three of the four letters being in the words "Yehudi" (Yahavahudiy/Jewish/Jews) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3064. Yehudi) and "Yehudah" (Yahavadah/Judah) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3063. Yehudah). This can help us understand where the Jews got their name: The Yahavadiy (Jews) worshipped the god Yahavah (Ea), and they lived in the land of Yahavadah (Judah). 

Tetragrammaton (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3068. Yhvh ["Yehovah"]):

Yehudi (Jewish/Jews) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3064. Yehudi):

Yehudah (Judah) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3063. Yehudah):

The tribe of Ieue named themselves, and their land, after their god. I believe that Judah was a continuation of the Eridu religion.

Now, let's talk about Israel. I believe that this name is derived from the god El, who is Enlil. According to Friedman (2015), the people of Israel worshipped the god El originally. The Levites worshipped Yahweh (Ieue). When the Levites left Egypt during the Exodus and met the Israelites, both groups identified El and Yahweh as being the same deity (The Significance of God Revealing the Name YHWH in the Levitical Sources). Fleming (2020) that a "particular link between El and Israel [...] would go back at least to the the late 13th century," and that the Israelites served him. In fact, an altar made to El by Jacob in Shechem had the inscription "El Elohe Yisra'el," meaning "'El, god of Israel.'" This phrase can be seen in Genesis 33:20 (p. 251) (Genesis 33:20). Wright (2009) mentioned this inscription as well, and came to the same conclusion (Ch. 4). Smith (2001) said that it has been proposed that El was the original god of Israel because "El" is in the name "IsraEL." He also stated that "some evidence may point to El as the god associated with the Exodus from Egypt in some early biblical tradition," (Ch. 7 abstract). This makes sense because Yahavah said that he was originally known as El Shadday in Exodus 6:2-3. Also, in the Hearst Medical Papyrus, El Elyon was blamed for sending a disease ("black skin lesions") upon the Egyptians when they were fighting the Hyksos. The only other deity on the side of the Hyksos was Seth/Baal Haddu, whom the Hyksos worshipped. In the Rhind Papyrus and Tempest Stele, Seth/Baal Haddu caused storms while the Hyksos were losing to the Egyptians (Weinstein, 2021, Native Egyptian Overthrow of the Hyksos 15th Dynasty: 3. Natural Disasters). Enlil was the god of the Exodus! Not only that, he was the god Seth!

It has been said that the word "el" could also be a generic name for a god (Smith, 2001, p. 135) (Wright, 2009, Ch. 3) (Romer, 2015, p. 72) (Fleming, 2020, p. 251). However, Romer (2015) demonstrated that the name "el" in Israel is the proper name of the deity El (pp. 72-73), and that El was the original god of Israel before Yhwh came along (p. 74). Wright (2009) said that Yahweh (Yahavah) said he was called El before (El Shadday), and the personal names of people with the name "el" in it referred to the actual god named El (Ch. 4). In summation, the El in the Bible is the deity El (Enlil) himself.

Interestingly, Smith (2001) said that the name El appears in personal names of people in Amarna (p. 135). Amarna is the city built by the pharaoh Akhenaten that was dedicated to the sun god Aten. The city was originally called Akhetaten, the "Horizon of the Aten" (Stevens, n.d., para. 7-8). This could help to establish that Aten and El were seen as being the same deity as well, along with Ieue.

In summation, El (Enlil) was the original name of the god of Israel. This coincides with Exodus 6:2-3. Enlil was the god of the Exodus too. I believe that Israel was the continuation of the Nippur religion.

Molech, also called Milcom, is the god of the Ammonites (1 Kings 11:5 [NASB] [NIV] [NLT]), but he was also another god that the Hebrews worshipped quite a lot in the Tanakh. His worship included human sacrifice (Leviticus 20:1-5) (Jeremiah 32:35). The name "Molech" was also spelled as "mlk" (Taylor, 1993, p. 202). Interestingly, Molech might be connected to Baal, since both gods are in the Valley of Ben-Hinnom, and the "high places" of Baal included sacrificing children "through the fire of Molech" (Jeremiah 32:35). Which Baal was it? If you ask me, the name "Ammonites" seems to give an answer: Baal Ammon. 

According to Adams (2017), Hammon, also spelled Ammon, was both Cronus-Saturn and Zeus-Jupiter. Cronus "represents that aspect of reality that, like time, ultimately consumes everything." On the other hand, Zeus "represents the evergreen, generative force that endlessly creates anew." In other words, "both the negative force of entropy and the positive force of syntropy."  The same can be seen with Ieue having two sides: Elohim being the judge and YHVH being more gentle (p. 63). As we also know, Elohim is plural for "gods" or "El's men." Davis (1861) also said that Cronus-Saturn was the god of time, and Baal Hammon (p. 287). Fox (2009) also stated that Baal Hammon was Cronus-Saturn, and that Hammon had infants sacrificed to him in his cults (p. 281). According to Coulter and Turner (2000), Baal Hammon is Jupiter and his partner was Tanit. They were worshipped in Carthage ([2013 edition], pp. 43 and 87). Baal Hammon is both Cronus and Zeus. According to Rawlings (2005), "Baal Hammon or Baal Shammin" was equated to Zeus. Hera was equated to Tanit (in Bowden and Rawlings, 2005, p. 175).


Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) said that the "Ashtart-Yaw" (Astarte-Iu) coin is similar "to the Phoenician Melk-'Ashtart, Eshmun-'Ashtart" coins (p. 44). Melk is the god Melqart, also spelled Melkart. He was also the "Tyrian Baal," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Melqart, para. 1). Melqart was "probably equated with the sun, and Baal Hammon (Baal Amon)." Baal Hammon's "consort goddess was Tanit," (para. 2). Melqart is depicted on a Tyrian coin "as a bearded god riding the waves of the Mediterranean Sea on the back of a winged hippocampus." The "reigns of the flying sea horse" (hippocampus) are in his "left hand," and in his right "he draws a bow." There's also a dolphin, or a fish, underneath the hippocampus (p. 51 Figure 30):

Melqart was also the god of the sea, and "sea-faring men," in Phoenicia and Greece. As a sun god, his resurrection was celebrated in Tyre and Macedonia during the months of February and/or March. He seems be reborn during this festival. Apparently, this created the celebration of "dies natalis Solis invicti, 'Natal day of the unconquerable sun'" in Syria. This celebration is similar to the resurrection of Bel-Marduk in Babylon, and Baal-Adonis of Gebal. Marduk's resurrection happened at the "New Year festival," (pp. 51-52). As stated before, Claus (1972) said that the father god is the "dying, setting sun," while the son represents the "youthful, rising sun" that "arises like the phoenix in the ashes of the elder, in a continual process of dying and return." Claus uses the gods "Tamuz-Adon" (Tammuz-Adon)/Melkart (father), and Hadad/Baal Shamen (son), as examples. The father god is in the underworld, but when he leaves he is reborn as his son (Vol. 4 p. 46). If Ieue was depicted like Melqart-Baal Hammon on coins, then that means those two gods are the same individual. The hippocampus was also the animal of Poseidon (Scales, 2009, Ch. 1 [p. 6]). Melqart-Baal Hammon was Poseidon! We already know that Poseidon was Ea, so Melqart-Baal Hammon is definitely Ea. In fact, Ea, Melqart-Baal Hammon, Tammuz-Adonis, Hadad, and Shamen, were the same god as well. Rawlings (2005) said that inscriptions from Carthage seem to equate Melqart as Astarte's consort (in Bowden and Rawlings, 2005, p. 175 note 32). If Melqart was Baal Hammon, then Astarte was Tanit. Interestingly, Melqart's temple in Tyre was the model for Solomon's temple (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Melqart, para. 1). I think Ieue was definitely Melqart.


In the Tanakh, Ieue is portrayed as the "true god" trying to win the good fight against "false gods." Baal was probably Yahavah's most persistent adversary, which included human sacrifice (Judges 6) (1 Kings 18) (Jeremiah 2:4-8; 19:5). We also have that famous scene in which the prophet Elijah competes with (and supposedly wins against) the prophets of Baal in 1 Kings 18. However, as we have seen previously, Ea and Enlil were called Baal. In fact, Ieue WAS CALLED BAAL in the Tanakh (Hosea 2:16):
The word "Baal" means "Lord," and represented the sun (Rev. Taylor, 1833, p. 339) (Fant and Reddish, 2008, p. 81). Baal also meant "husband" (Fant and Reddish, 2008, p. 81), so calling Ieue "Baal Ieue" meant "Lord Ieue" or "Husband Ieue."

According to Foster (1901), Molech had the "face of a calf," and a human body. The children were "put into its arms, where they were burned to death" (p. 139).

Molech (Foster, 1901, p. 139):
Pope (1955) said that El was called "mlk" (Molech) more than other deities, and was equated to the Tyrian god Melqart (pp. 26-27). Melqart had human sacrifices in his religion at Tenedos, Greece (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 51). Dunlap (1858) said that Dionysus, El, Jehova (Ieue), Baal-Saturn, Bel-Mithra, Sol, Typhon, "the Tyrian Uso(v) (Mars)" who was called Chom in Egypt, and Vulkan-Vulcan-Hephaestus (Baal-Chon), were Malach-Moloch. El "eats up children." "Molech was the sun," and "Saturn, Sol, and Mars," are the "Winter, Spring, and Summer Sun," (pp. 109-110). Encyclopaedia Britannica (1797) said that Moloch (Molech) was sometimes believed to be Saturn, whom also had human sacrifices offered to him, Mercury, Mars, Mithras, Venus, or the sun (Vol. 12 Part 1 p. 204). Rawlinson (1882 [2024 edition]) said that the "Rites like those of Molech belonged certainly to El and to Baal" (p. 146). In other words, El, the god of the Israelites, is Molech!

El is described as a "'bull' with powerful horns and a thick white beard." Baal Hadad has been stated as a "'bull-calf', with thin horns and a narrow beard," (Caquot and Sznycer 1980, p. 12). Both Enlil, Yahweh, and Hadad, were represented by the bull, which represented the sun (Smith, 1927, Vol. 1, pp. 532-533). In the Tanakh, Ieue is stated as having "the horns of the wild ox/bull" (Numbers 23:22 [NASB] [GWT] [NETB]). One of Seth's symbols was the red ox, and red oxen were sacrificed to him as well (Martin, Jr., 2021, p. 44). Jupiter's "favorite sacrifice" was having a white ox offered to him (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Jupiter, para. 4). The bull was also a symbol of Zeus, and the two cults (the bull and ram cults) probably "existed side-by-side" one another "from a remote Indo-European past" (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 430). Poseidon was also represented by the bull, as well as the horse (Burkert, 1977 [1985 edition], pp. 64-65, 103, 124, 136, and 138). "Bulls, rams, and lambs," were sacrificed to Ieue (Ezra 6:9 and 17). People have also been sacrificed to Ieue (Exodus 34:19-20) (Numbers 31:40) (Judges 11:29-40) (Isaiah 30:31-33). Ieue said that he lights the fire of Topeth, which is where sacrifices to Molech happened (Isaiah 30:33; note aj). Topeth is the Valley of Ben-Hinnom (Jeremiah 19:6). Baal Ammon-Hammon, Molech, and Ieue, had sacrifices in Topeth/Valley of Ben-Hinnom! They are also represented by the bull, or calf. 

Molech might not be the name of a deity, but a title of Ieue. Molech, spelled as "mlk," means "to rule as a king." It is to represent Yahweh is a "solar understanding of the deity," (Taylor, 1993, p. 202). Taylor also said that solar worship was conducted by the Israelites (Synopsis; Ch. 1, Introduction, p. 19). Archaeological evidence includes sun emblems with "lmlk" on Judean jar handles. The emblems are a sun disk with two wings, and a "four-winged scarab." In the Tanakh, Ieue (Ea) is called "semes," which means "sun." This is in Psalm 84 (p. 20). Taylor believes that there is a close relationship between Ieue and the sun, even so that Ieue. might even have been the sun itself (p. 22). Fontanille et al., (2023) said that the winged sun disk on the Judean handles was Yahweh (Ieue), based on Assyrian influences (p. 138). "LMLK" means "to Molech" (2 Kings 23:10 [Interlinear]). Stavrakopoulou (2013) said that human sacrifice to Molek (Molech) was actually to Yahweh (Abstract; pp. 153-154). Irwin (1999) also stated that Baal and Molech were probably the same deity, and the Molech ritual was a solar form of Yahweh worship (pp. 223-224). This supports my idea that the god of the Ammonites was Baal Ammon! Romer (2015) said that Melek (Molech) meant "king," and it was a title for Yaho. The human sacrifices were for Yaho, or "YHWH-Melek" (p. 137). Later writers of the Tanakh turned Molech into a separate deity, and separated him from Ieue (p. 138). It looks like Baal/Moleck/Milcom were Jeu. In the commentary to Sanchoniatho's book, it has been stated that Baal and Molech were the same individual ([Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], pp. 113, 152, and 336). Both Yahweh and Milcom have been equated as being Cronus-Saturn-Baal Hammon, and human sacrifice was a part of Yahweh's religion (Stavrakopoulou and Barton, 2010, pp. 163-164). In Psalm 47:2 (NOG), Yahweh and Elyon are called Melek (Molech):
Ieue is Molech!

Anu was also called malik/Moloch (Ridpaph, 1890, Vol. 1 p. 133) (Palestine Exploration Fund, 1882, p. 88). Another name given to Anu is Anamelech (Ridpaph, 1890, Vol. 1 p. 133 note 1) (Seisenberger, 1911, p. 63), meaning "King Anu" (Seisenberger, 1911, p. 63). Chronos, Ouranus, Moloch, Milcorn (Milcom), Chemosh, Anu, Elion, and Brahma, were equated to being "an ancient and wrathful deity" who was "appeased by human sacrifice and worshiped at cairns of stone" (Palestine Exploration Fund, 1882, p. 88).

Knappert (1877) said that "The god of Israel was originally closely allied in character with the Canaanitish or Phoenician Molech." Yahweh "was worshipped in the likeness of a bull," which represented the "power of the sun, so mighty to destroy." Molech also had a "bull's head," and Astarte had bull horns too. Bull horns were also on Yahweh's altar, along with "twelve oxen which support the molten sea." The cherubs, which Yahweh rides on, "represent the heavy thunder-clouds which hide the Thunderer from the eyes of men." Ashera (Asherah) is "the female side of the beneficent sun god." The demonstrates that Yahweh was originally a sun god, and the design of Solomon's temple proved this (pp. 29-30). The laws of the Tanakh also prevent any other god that was worshipped by a rival group of people to be associated with Ieue (Ex.: 1 Kings 11, Jeremiah 2:4-6, etc.) (Irwin, 1999, pp. 223-224). Despite that, it seems that the Hebrews, in both the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, saw Baal and Moloch/Milcolm as being the same individual as Ieue (Irwin, 1999, pp. 221, 223-224). 

In Sanchoniatho's Phoenician History, Elu-Cronus was the originator of human sacrifice. Elu sacrifices one of his sons to Ouranus as a "burnt-offering." This was done during times of hardship (like a plaque) ([Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 37). In the commentary, Rev. Cumberland said that Phoenician princes would do this, especially to "appease avenging daemons" and ward off destruction (p. 37). In Genesis 22, Abraham was order by ieue to sacrifice Isaac. However, the angel of the LORD stops Abraham from doing so and tells Abraham to sacrifice a ram. However, in the E (Elohim) Source, Abraham does kill Isaac (Genesis 22 [Harwood, 2017 translation, pp. 16-17]). Since El Shadday is the god of demons, human sacrifice to him (or to his other aliases) was probably done to ward off his wrath.

According to a proposal by Niesiolowski-Spano (2013), the Jewish celebration of Passover probably replaced the "molk-sacrifices." The original molk-sacrifices "used children," but the later Passover sacrifices used "animals" like lambs. The ritual was "moved from the tophet into the Jerusalem Temple." Passover was "performed in the Jerusalem Temple and was closely related to the central cultic activity of the king." Surprisingly, Niesiolowski-Spano stated that Passover had "no connections" with the Exodus (p. 162):
The god of the Bible commanded human sacrifice in his worship. Molech means "king," and was a title primarily given to Enlil. He started the practice in the Phoenician religion, and he was represented by bull figurines. This matches the golden calf in Exodus 32:4. The golden calf wasn't an idol. It was, more than likely, the symbol of Enlil the god of Israel. Ultimately, Molech was a title given to Cronus-Saturn, and he had human sacrifice in his worship. Ea was called Molech in the Tanakh as well, and archaeological evidence from Judah proves this. This is fitting because Ea and Enlil were the same god, as we have seen. 

Jesus said that his blood will be "poured out for many for forgiveness of sins." Jesus' spilled blood is the "blood of the covenant," (Matthew 26:26-28). This means that Jesus was killed so that the god of the Bible can forgive us. Sounds like a human sacrifice to me! There are other New Testament passages that said that Jesus was a human sacrifice to Ieue (Hebrews 9:11-15) (Hebrews 10:10 [NASB] [NIV]) (Romans 3:21-26 [NASB] [NIV]) (Ephesians 2:11-16).

Ieue was also represented as a calf. In Samaria, the capitol of Israel, a pot shard had the name "Egaliah ('bull-calf of Yah')" on it (Callahan, 2002, p. 17) (Middlemas, 1971 [2015 edition], p. 64). This pot shard seems to be called "Samaria ostracon 41,"(Middlemas, 1971 [2015 edition], p. 64). In general, Ieue was represented as the bull/bull calf in the Bible (pp. 64-65). Ieue was the bull calf, just like Adad was. Molech was also stated to had the head of a calf. There is no more doubt in my mind now that Ea/Ieue is Molech.

Enlil was also all of the gods. According to Massey (1883), the star "Ilu" meant "the idea of god expressed by the" Assyrians. "In this phase," continued Massey, "the gods (or types) became Kronian; the Ilu, Ali, or Elohim, who were the auxiliaries of Kronus," (Massey, 1883, Vol. 1 p. 332). Ilu is also the dingir and mul, and means "god," (Brown, 2000, p. 61) (Hommel, 1897, p. 62). We see the word "ilu" in front of a god's name, just like the dingir. For example, in King (1902) Ea is "iluEa" or "dingirEn-Ki" (p. 268). The dingir represented the god An/Anu, and it made the gods "aspects of the father Anu." Dingir also meant "'shining,' 'bright.'" El/Ilah was also Anu and Zeus (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], Vol. 5 p. 93). Ilu is another name for Enlil, as we have seen. It seems that the ilu star made the other gods different forms of Enlil, while the dingir star made the other gods (including Enlil) different forms of Anu. Since Enlil and Ea were the same deity, this makes the other gods different versions of Ea.

Enlil was both Saturn and Jupiter, which would equate him to the Archangels Cassiel (Saturn) and Sachiel (Jupiter) (Archangels and Angels. Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences) (Archangels and Angels. Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Enlil ruled the Sixth, and Seventh, Heavens. 

Links:
Enlil figure from the Iraq Museum (Wikipedia):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:God_Enlil,_seated,_from_Nippur,_Iraq._1800-1600_BCE._Iraq_Museum.jpg

Smith (1884) (P. 148):
https://books.google.com/books?id=us3Y7a9AhOYC&pg=PA155-IA3&dq=el+elu+deity&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9q66_0J-CAxVSFlkFHaBfAesQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=el%20elu%20deity&f=false

Fant and Reddish (2008):

https://books.google.com/books?id=Dj6zVQJz7zYC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=baal+figurine&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Lewis (2020):
https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Origin_and_Character_of_God.html?id=hOfuDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Aalta et al., (2020) (p. 56):
https://books.google.com/books?id=KDcTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA56&dq=yam+and+poseidon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiboIHt6Ij8AhUAhnIEHY9aCqoQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=yam%20and%20poseidon&f=false
Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) (P. 90):
https://books.google.com/books?id=aqDC5bwx4_wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yahweh+aztec+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA8paF7qGCAxVqFlkFHU2uCsgQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil&f=false

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus

Caquot and Sznycer (1980) (P. 13):
https://books.google.com/books?id=S4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=Baal+beard&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzjo7U36X3AhWKq3IEHdeiAm8Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Bull&f=false

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enlil/Ellil:

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enlil/index.html

Smith (1876):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en

Fontenrose (2022) (P. 157):
https://books.google.com/books?id=CjNnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157&dq=kronos+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxnse1m_39AhVokYkEHfhiBkwQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=kronos%20enlil&f=false

Atrahasis (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition]):
https://geha.paginas.ufsc.br/files/2017/04/Atrahasis.pdf
-Date of book:
https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) (P. 43):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cronus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cronus

Kramer (1944 [1961 edition]):

https://sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/index.htm

Harwood (2001 [2010 edition]):

Encyclopaedia Britannica. El:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/El

The Met Museum. Enthroned deity:

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/322889

Biglino (2023):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gods_of_the_Bible/uCrAzwEACAAJ?hl=en

Genesis 2 (DBT):
https://biblehub.com/dbt/genesis/2.htm

Bible Hub. Interlinear. Genesis 2:4:

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/2-4.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 430. elohim:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/430.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 410. el:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/410.htm
Bible Hub. Interlinear. Psalm 82:1:

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/psalms/82-1.htm

Psalm 82 (NASB):

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/82.htm

Vida (1944):

https://fdocuments.us/document/el-elyon-in-genesis-1418-20.html?page=1

-V2:

https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/sblpress/jbl/article/63/1/1/190491

-V3: 

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3262503

McCants (2012) (P. 16):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xVmKib7i4IEC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA101&q=Sanchuniathon&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=snippet&q=Sanchuniathon&f=false

Rev. Taylor (1833) (PP. 339-341):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QbARAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA340&dq=baal+samen&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy36qOiPj6AhW3MlkFHfxtC9AQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=baal%20samen&f=false

Genesis 32:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/32.htm

Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):

Exodus 15:11 (Interlinear):

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/15-11.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew: 7706. Shadday:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7706.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 7699. shad:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7699.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1767. day:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1767.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew: 7703. shadad:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7703.htm

Mordechai (2019) (P. 112):

https://books.google.com/books?id=kkeaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112&dq=does+shaddai+mean+demon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjotqr85fD9AhUqFlkFHX1kCSAQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=does%20shaddai%20mean%20demon&f=false

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Beelzebub:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beelzebub

Blavatsky (1892) (P. 298):

https://books.google.com/books?id=mgEMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA298&dq=Shaddai+root+word+shd&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiF1OGDp-6BAxXoGFkFHZCEAOU4ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Shaddai%20root%20word%20shd&f=false

Lesley (1886) (PP. 303-312):

https://books.google.com/books?id=i1QLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA305&dq=Shaddai+root+word+shd&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL9PLwpe6BAxXZD1kFHeOZAFYQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Shaddai%20root%20word%20shd&f=false

Ryle (1921) (p. 197):

https://books.google.com/books?id=o15bAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA197&dq=Shaddai+root+word+shd&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf4dbHs-2BAxXZFFkFHSykAk4Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Shaddai%20root%20word%20shd&f=false

Jastrow (1898 [Part 1]) (P. 53):

https://books.google.com/books?id=peQLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA745&dq=Dagan+Bel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje89qmpMmCAxVWElkFHX9PABMQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Lil%20demon&f=false
Thierens (1935 [2020 edition], p. 24):

https://books.google.com/books?id=bzb7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Enlil+lil+demon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibrZSboMmCAxVOGlkFHdrSC6wQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil%20lil%20demon&f=false
Smith (1876):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ea:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ea

Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):

https://books.google.com/books?id=9e9gpRpZWCYC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Burkert (1977 [1985 translation]) (PP. 136-137):

https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/136/mode/1up?view=theater
-V2 (1925):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sxurBtx6shoC&pg=PA136&dq=poteidan+sky+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5rrSq3eCCAxWiMVkFHaCVB2sQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=poteidan%20sky%20god&f=false
Horowitz (1998) (PP. 109-111):

https://books.google.com/books?id=P8fl8BXpR0MC&pg=PA111&dq=Apsu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMyMXJ1eSCAxVWMlkFHaD-BPoQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Apsu%20god&f=false
Livingstone (2002) (P. 89):
https://books.google.com/books?id=1nhO28Gm0sAC&pg=PA89&dq=anu+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk-deSkP39AhWXEVkFHQZzBwAQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20ouranos&f=false
The Melammu Project. Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1):
http://www.melammu-project.eu/database/gen_html/a0001230.html
Bachvarova (2013) (in Chavalas, 2013) (P. 274):

https://books.google.com/books?id=BY9mAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA274&dq=Alulu+Anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt9O6F1OSCAxV0EmIAHYSHCb0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Alulu%20Anu&f=false
Smith (1884) (P. 148):
https://books.google.com/books?id=us3Y7a9AhOYC&pg=PA155-IA3&dq=el+elu+deity&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9q66_0J-CAxVSFlkFHaBfAesQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=el%20elu%20deity&f=false
Acharya S (2004) (P. 121):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rey19p_ycHUC&pg=PA121&dq=iahu+greek+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX7YmHzNqCAxUPFlkFHRM4DZ0Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=iahu%20greek%20god&f=false
Kramer (1963) (P. 197):

https://books.google.com/books?id=iY9xp4pLp88C&printsec=frontcover&dq=potei+dan+indoeuropean+god%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8t73Rv_GCAxXXv4kEHS0PAQ4Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Poseidon&f=false

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_cassiel.html
Beaulieu (2018):

https://www.academia.edu/38312390
Day (2000 [2010 edition]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=2xadCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=yahweh+moon+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikqsj8ttyDAxUdD1kFHf_0D0MQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=yahweh%20moon%20god&f=false

Smith (1927) (Vol. 1) (PP. 532-533):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQV5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA533&dq=Baal+Hadad+sun+god&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYq76W8Yv9AhWAMlkFHUebAXQ4HhDoAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Hadad%20sun%20god&f=false

Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 77):

https://books.google.com/books?id=gY1AAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Ghebers+of+Hebron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWl8TH9LeEAxUWElkFHXCUBRQQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=snippet&q=Bel%20Kronos&f=false
Hilprecht (1910) (Vol. 5, p. 47):

https://books.google.com/books?id=fhYYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47&dq=lahmu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjokZfQ3eSCAxWKE1kFHbPPDuQQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=lahmu%20god&f=false

Seltman (1956) (P. 33):

https://archive.org/details/twelveolympianst0000char/page/33/mode/1up?q=Potei+Dan
Coulter and Turner (2000): 

-2013 edition (PP. 13 and 168):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA95&dq=marduk+bel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDisSt3oP7AhXaM1kFHZY6CakQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=snippet&q=Adad&f=false

-2020 edition (P. 168):

https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=US&focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&q&f=false
-2021 edition (P. 348):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QEJUEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Deities%0D%0ABy+Charles+Russell+Coulter,+Patricia+Turner+ningirsu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwuaSqnKeGAxU3yxQJHQS_CgEQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Encyclopedia%20of%20Ancient%20Deities%20%20By%20Charles%20Russell%20Coulter%2C%20Patricia%20Turner%20ningirsu&f=false

Brown (1898):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sBnXAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=semitic+influence+on+hellenic+mythology&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4-uGB2MWEAxXcGVkFHXANCiEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Kronos%20sun%20god&f=false

Stoll (1852) (PP. 22-23):

https://books.google.com/books?id=XZt5TCM2rbAC&pg=PA22&dq=zeus+laphystios+kronos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitleX_68WEAxVdEFkFHQt0DT04ChDoAXoECAsQAw#v=onepage&q=zeus%20laphystios%20kronos&f=false
Brown (1899) (PP. 197-198):

https://books.google.com/books?id=WW5AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197&dq=zeus+laphystios+kronos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRx7Ol68WEAxWHD1kFHVCZAgQ4ChDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=zeus%20laphystios%20kronos&f=false
Stornoway (2019) (P. 196):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ML_PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA196&dq=zeus+katachthonios&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiShZu85cWEAxUXKFkFHUpcBccQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=zeus%20katachthonios&f=false
Kershaw (1997) (PP. 160-161):

https://archive.org/details/396241694-kris-kershaw-the-one-eyed-god-odin-and-the-indo-germanic_202111/Runes%20Aramean%20Guido%20Von%20List/396241694_Kris_Kershaw_the_One_eyed_God_Odin_and_the_Indo_Germanic/page/159/mode/1up?q=Cretan+Zeus

Wake (1870) (P. 211):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-nFQAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA211&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
-V2 (P. 59; full paper starts on p. 33):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zuQlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA59&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 5946. Elyon:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1167.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Greek. 2316. theos:

https://biblehub.com/greek/2316.htm

Mikalson (2009) (P. 109):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8o6xxlwbldcC&pg=PA109&dq=Zeus+Hermes+Chthonios&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz4c_504GEAxVTD1kFHTsPCOs4ChDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Hermes%20Chthonios&f=false
Chaniotis (2010) (P. 120 [in Mitchell and Nuffelen, 2010])

https://books.google.com/books?id=5oSzyxrBKIoC&pg=PA170&dq=zeus+hypsistos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgtqWV2IGEAxVwF2IAHf1BCNEQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=zeus%20hypsistos&f=false
Mitchel (2010) (P. 170 [in Mitchell and Nuffelen, 2010])

https://books.google.com/books?id=5oSzyxrBKIoC&pg=PA170&dq=zeus+hypsistos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgtqWV2IGEAxVwF2IAHf1BCNEQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=zeus%20hypsistos&f=false

Collar (2013) (P. 224):

https://books.google.com/books?id=Av5GAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Religious+Networks+in+the+Roman+Empire+The+Spread+of+New+Ideas+el+elyon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR24LO-I2FAxVID1kFHdIxDtQQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=Religious%20Networks%20in%20the%20Roman%20Empire%20The%20Spread%20of%20New%20Ideas%20el%20elyon&f=false

-V2:

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/religious-networks-in-the-roman-empire/theos-hypsistos-godfearers-the-rabbinic-reforms-the-fiscus-judaicus-and-the-redefinition-of-the-jewishgentile-relationship/2B2F4D323F3C0C7A21A6AE2BBF2153DB
Giambrone (2022) (P. 194):

https://books.google.com/books?id=YqJgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA194&dq=el+elyon+theos+hypsistos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3vMCh-42FAxVav4kEHVljCQgQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=el%20elyon%20theos%20hypsistos&f=false
Merriam Webster. Allotment:

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allotted

Merriam Webster. Allot:

Enyclopaedia Britannica. Allah:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Allah

Rafiabadi (2003) (P. 202):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xeK9w9P0sBQC&pg=PA202&dq=allah+ilah&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHurzlppqDAxV_F2IAHQ5yCasQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=allah%20ilah&f=false
Natan (2006) (Vol. 2, p. 391):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EsNv92MuRTUC&pg=PA391&dq=allah+ilah&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdsYXMjJqDAxUiFlkFHRgtC7UQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=allah%20ilah&f=false

Wake (1870) (P. 211):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-nFQAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA211&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
-V2 (P. 59; full paper starts on p. 33):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zuQlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA59&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false

https://www.allah.org/index.php?c=110.About-Allah.org&cv=legacy-allah.org-page-content

Teixidor (1977 [2015 edition]) (PP. 42-43):

https://books.google.com/books?id=m5Z9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&dq=Karatepe+inscription+el+lord+of+earth+Ea&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh8fHE8qKFAxWLE1kFHb6VCmsQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=Karatepe%20inscription%20el%20lord%20of%20earth%20Ea&f=false

Albright (1994) (P. 127):

https://books.google.com/books?id=qa2AMXzHUAwC&pg=PA127&dq=Poseidon+Baal+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmhe7a3LWFAxWtK1kFHXZ8D1EQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Poseidon%20Baal%20saphon&f=false

Sibley (2009) (P. 45):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-n_7HqapeggC&pg=PA45&dq=Ishkur+lightning+fork&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4vrvrlvWEAxWxrokEHWcSBes4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=Ishkur%20lightning%20fork&f=false

Ford (2016) (P. 190):

https://books.google.com/books?id=Cou0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190&dq=Baal+Adad+Mount+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkmuuA2LWFAxUFKFkFHWvCACQQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20Mount%20saphon&f=false

Miller and Brandon (2014) (PP. 16 and 18):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rJVmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=Baal+Adad+Mount+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkmuuA2LWFAxUFKFkFHWvCACQQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20Mount%20saphon&f=false

Littleton (2006) (Vol. 4) (P. 480):

https://books.google.com/books?id=n2FpRCam224C&pg=PA480&dq=Anu+god+mountain&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiww7vVs-KCAxUuFlkFHZgZC384ChDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu%20god%20mountain&f=false

Long (1987 [2015 edition], p. 151 note 43):

https://books.google.com/books?id=o-l5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151&dq=ninurta+cronus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizpaH3gK2FAxUVFlkFHSiKDAw4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=ninurta%20cronus&f=false

Litke (1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3) (PP. xi, 1, and 21):

https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBC%203%2C%201998.pdf

Pope (1955) (P. 35):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ns4UAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=El+deity&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNzML00N37AhXjhnIEHfq_D_YQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=snippet&q=El%20bull&f=false

Rawlinson (1882) (PP. 50-51):

https://books.google.com/books?id=N-ECAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Religions+of+the+Ancient+World,+Including+Egypt,+Assyria+and+Babylonia&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjoy8aRmtiEAxX9F1kFHa_vC8gQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false
-2024 edition (P. 146):

https://books.google.com/books?id=GCD3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=El+Molech&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXrffgmdiEAxVvEGIAHYb8DqcQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=El%20Molech&f=false

Kramer (1972) (P. viii):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ga6jAe9hSaAC&pg=PR13&dq=Ea+Enlilbanda+junior+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5x7Tsn6SFAxVbD1kFHdDdCmAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20Enlilbanda%20junior%20enlil&f=false

Cohen (2013) (P. 117). 

https://books.google.com/books?id=VTVXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA117&dq=Ea+Enlilbanda&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh1dHnm6SFAxU_MlkFHdQmBhIQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20Enlilbanda&f=false

Kalugila (1980) (P. 41; note 18):

https://archive.org/details/wisekingstudiesi0000kalu/page/40/mode/1up?q=Enlilbanda

Frayne and Stuckley (2021) (P. 96):

https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMcEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ea+Enlilbanda+junior+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiH4pGVoaSFAxXVEGIAHYLIAaIQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20Enlilbanda%20junior%20enlil&f=false

Yakubovich (2010; in Cohen et al., 2010) (PP. 391-392):

https://books.google.com/books?id=gJjwCflv2q4C&pg=PA394&dq=el+pendant+of+ea+kothar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjts-er76KFAxVfFFkFHfuRAsYQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=el%20pendant%20of%20ea%20kothar&f=false

Ford (2016) (P. 190):

https://books.google.com/books?id=Cou0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190&dq=Baal+Adad+Mount+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkmuuA2LWFAxUFKFkFHWvCACQQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20Mount%20saphon&f=false

Miller and Brandon (2014) (PP. 16 and 18):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rJVmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=Baal+Adad+Mount+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkmuuA2LWFAxUFKFkFHWvCACQQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20Mount%20saphon&f=false

Genesis 6:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/6.htm

Genesis 7:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/7.htm

Berlejung, 2021, pp. 178 and 208)

https://books.google.com/books?id=7LMoEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA208&dq=Enki+d60&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ0bOdtbiFAxWiM1kFHfx7D-kQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20d60&f=false

Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=_nD8DwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

-V2:

https://books.google.com/books?id=_nD8DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Enki+bull+symbol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR4bbRyaGGAxU2KlkFHQIRDccQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20bull%20symbol&f=false
-V3:
https://archive.org/details/mythsofenkicraft0000unse/page/6/mode/1up?view=theater

Day (2000) (P. 60):

https://books.google.com/books?id=M1PUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=asertu+goddess&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8__Gp8_yFAxWLFVkFHXRcCREQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=asertu%20goddess&f=false

Singer (2007; in Kosak, 2007) (P. 632):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ViGE4mo4WIkC&pg=PA632&dq=Ea%27s+El%27s+abode+tigris+and+euphrates&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdiJHs_vuFAxW1j4kEHbVkAzwQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea's%20El's%20abode%20tigris%20and%20euphrates&f=false

Tsumura (200) (P. 139):

https://books.google.com/books?id=qevX11bQRi8C&pg=PA132&dq=Ea+El%27s+counterpart&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJnYq7-_uFAxVzE1kFHbR1DkwQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20El's%20counterpart&f=false

Day (2014) (P. 29):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rtveBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29&dq=%C2%A0El%27s+abode+tigris+and+euphrates&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_sdmR_vuFAxXbD1kFHRYrC9AQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=%C2%A0El's%20abode%20tigris%20and%20euphrates&f=false

Dijkstra (2013; in Becking, 2013) (P. 83):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8RjhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&dq=%C2%A0El%27s+abode+tigris+and+euphrates&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicla73_PuFAxWWN2IAHfBHDBIQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=%C2%A0El's%20abode%20tigris%20and%20euphrates&f=false

George and George (2014) (P. 62):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xrKuAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62&dq=Elkunirsa+Ea&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDrc_vgvyFAxVbD1kFHRL8Bu0Q6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Elkunirsa%20Ea&f=false

Jacobsen (1976) (P. 111):

https://books.google.com/books?id=bZT57A8ioCkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ea+enki+father+of+the+gods&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVhOvQ2u-FAxVPl4kEHQq-C6E4ChDoAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=ea%20enki%20father%20of%20the%20gods&f=false

Harwood (2001) (P. vi):

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Protestant_Bible_Correctly_Translate.html?id=FLotDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US#v=onepage&q&f=false

Matthiiae (2020) (Ch. 5. Early Syrian religion, the Red Temple, and the Temple of the Rock):

Bois (2010) (P. 363):

https://books.google.com/books?id=pdjz1MUK8JMC&pg=PA363&dq=Enki+the+bull&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNoe_J38WEAxXAEmIAHYvfC8AQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20the%20bull&f=false

Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:

https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847

Clark (1913; in The American Journal of Theology, 1913) (Vol. 17 p. 417):

https://books.google.com/books?id=AKUAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA417&dq=nebo+ningirsu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif7Nzn9qeGAxVcD1kFHdt8AWgQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=nebo%20ningirsu&f=false

Langdon (1913) (P. 141):

https://books.google.com/books?id=kVNFAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=nebo+ningirsu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif7Nzn9qeGAxVcD1kFHdt8AWgQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=%20ningirsu&f=false

Frothingham (1916) (PP. 183-184):

https://archive.org/details/jstor-497115/page/n9/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Ea

Nadali (2011) (P. 214):

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Davide-Nadali/publication/261508819_2013_When_Ritual_Meets_Art_Rituals_in_the_Visual_Arts_versus_the_Visual_Arts_in_Rituals_The_Case_of_Ancient_Mesopotamia_in_C_Ambos_and_L_Verderame_eds_Approaching_Rituals_in_Ancient_Cultures_Proceedin/links/0c9605346b1fe03454000000/2013-When-Ritual-Meets-Art-Rituals-in-the-Visual-Arts-versus-the-Visual-Arts-in-Rituals-The-Case-of-Ancient-Mesopotamia-in-C-Ambos-and-L-Verderame-eds-Approaching-Rituals-in-Ancient-Cultures-Proceed.pdf?origin=publication_detail&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGljYXRpb25Eb3dubG9hZCIsInByZXZpb3VzUGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19

-Figure 2:

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Drawing-reconstructing-the-scene-of-the-cylinder-seal-of-king-Gudea-after-Matthiae-2000_fig3_261508819

Suter (2000) (P. 67): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=1iJXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67&dq=Ningirsu+water+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV5JaSm6eGAxXdF1kFHZisC80Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Ningirsu%20water%20god&f=false

Cumont (1912) (P. 46):

https://books.google.com/books?id=DAVX9zum4AAC&pg=PR1&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Jewish Virtual Library. The Two Kingdoms of Israel, Background: 
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-two-kingdoms-of-israel
Bible Hub. Topical Bible. Semites:
https://biblehub.com/topical/s/semites.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh ("Yehovah"):
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3064. Yehudi:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3064.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3063. Yehudah:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3063.htm
Friedman (2015):
https://www.thetorah.com/article/the-historical-exodus
Fleming (2020) (P. 251):
https://books.google.com/books?id=cfwAEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Yahweh+Ea+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1yta915-DAxXvFlkFHSwdC_EQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Yahweh%20Ea%20god&f=false
Genesis 33:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/33.htm
Smith (2001):
https://books.google.com/books?id=afkRDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=El+the+god+of+Israel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi18cHWkPSDAxXnEVkFHbd_BfQQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=El%20the%20god%20of%20Israel&f=false
-Ch. 7 abstract:
https://academic.oup.com/book/12858/chapter-abstract/163143030?redirectedFrom=fulltext#:~:text=Because%20the%20name%20of%20the,in%20some%20early%20biblical%20tradition
Exodus 6:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/6.htm
University of Cambridge and Monash University. American Research Center in Egypt. Stevens, Anna. Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Aten: From Many Gods to One:
https://www.arce.org/resource/akhenaten-nefertiti-aten-many-gods-one
Romer (2015):
https://books.google.com/books?id=Z59XCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=El+the+god+of+Israel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi18cHWkPSDAxXnEVkFHbd_BfQQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=El%20the%20god%20of%20Israel&f=false
Weinstein (2021):
https://www.thetorah.com/article/we-were-slaves-to-the-hyksos-in-egypt
Wright (2009) (Ch. 4):
https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm15lrKLpIEC&pg=PT85&dq=Hermes+Yahweh&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqtrqN9ICDAxUyF2IAHWUfApgQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Hermes%20Yahweh&f=false

1 Kings 11:
NASB:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/11.htm
NIV:

https://biblehub.com/niv/1_kings/11.htm
NLT:

https://biblehub.com/nlt/1_kings/11.htm
Leviticus 20:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/leviticus/20.htm

Jeremiah 32:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/32.htm

Adams (2017) (P. 63):

https://books.google.com/books?id=CPsGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&dq=Zeus+Saturn&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuiKapn-2BAxW_D1kFHZmGAksQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Saturn&f=false
Davis (1861) (P. 287):

https://books.google.com/books?id=r3VxCoCIdrAC&pg=PA286&dq=baal+hammon+cronos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNhvff36P7AhUvFlkFHXp_C-UQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=baal%20hammon%20cronos&f=false
Fox (2009) (P. 281):

https://books.google.com/books?id=U7E0889G244C&pg=PA281&dq=baal+hammon+cronos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNhvff36P7AhUvFlkFHXp_C-UQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=baal%20hammon%20cronos&f=false

Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (PP. 43 and 87):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA95&dq=marduk+bel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDisSt3oP7AhXaM1kFHZY6CakQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=snippet&q=Hammon&f=false

Foster (1901) (P. 139):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8Jw8AAAAYAAJ&pg=PT6&dq=Bible+Pictures+and+What+They+Teach+Us+by+Charles+Foster&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh55HX0qL8AhUID1kFHRCaDtsQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Molech&f=false

Numbers 23:

-NASB:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/23.htm
-GWT (God's Word Translation):

https://biblehub.com/gwt/numbers/23.htm

-NETB (NET Bible):

https://biblehub.com/net/numbers/23.htm

Martin, Jr. (2021) (P. 44):

https://books.google.com/books?id=WJ5MEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA44&dq=seth+aten&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFh5CroIH-AhXKF1kFHWv7Bx44HhDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=seth%20aten&f=false

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Jupiter:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jupiter-Roman-god

Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):

https://books.google.com/books/about/Zeus.html?id=9e9gpRpZWCYC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Burkert (1977 [1985 translation]) (PP. 136-137):

https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/136/mode/1up?view=theater
-V2:

https://books.google.com/books?id=sxurBtx6shoC&pg=PA136&dq=poteidan+sky+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5rrSq3eCCAxWiMVkFHaCVB2sQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=poteidan%20sky%20god&f=false

Ezra 6:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/ezra/6.htm

Exodus 34:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/34.htm

Numbers 31:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/31.htm

Judges 11:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/judges/11.htm

Isaiah 30:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/isaiah/30.htm

Jeremiah 19:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/19.htm

Stavrakopoulou (2013):

https://www.academia.edu/7656412
Irwin (1999 [Thesis]):

https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/73647/1/Irwin-Baal%20and%20Yahweh.pdf

Romer (2015):
-V1:

https://books.google.com/books?id=Z59XCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=thomas+romer+religion&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjskaukiN2BAxVKKlkFHUp6BfYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V2:

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Invention_of_God.html?id=XmsuCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Stavrakopoulou and Barton (2010) (PP. 163-164):

https://books.google.com/books/about/Religious_Diversity_in_Ancient_Israel_an.html?id=kG_9-vki4ocC&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1#v=onepage&q=Baal&f=false

Psalm 47:2 (NOG):

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2047&version=NOG

Dunlap (1858) (PP. 109-110):

https://books.google.com/books?id=90ACAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA109&dq=El+was+called+moloch+more+than&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimh8HOptSEAxU8EGIAHfZUB3kQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=El%20was%20called%20moloch%20more%20than&f=false

Pope (1955) (PP. 26-27):

https://archive.org/details/elinugaritictext0000marv/page/26/mode/2up?q=mlk&view=theater

Encyclopaedia Britannica (1797) (Vol. 12, Part 1, p. 204):

https://books.google.com/books?id=f3tMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA204&dq=encyclopaedia+britannica+moloch&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwixoK2fl9iEAxXaD1kFHcBvBjMQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=encyclopaedia%20britannica%20moloch&f=false

Rawlinson (1882):

https://books.google.com/books?id=N-ECAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Religions+of+the+Ancient+World,+Including+Egypt,+Assyria+and+Babylonia&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjoy8aRmtiEAxX9F1kFHa_vC8gQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false
-2024 edition (P. 146):

https://books.google.com/books?id=GCD3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=El+Molech&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXrffgmdiEAxVvEGIAHYb8DqcQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=El%20Molech&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Mithra:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mithra#:~:text=Mithra%2C%20in%20ancient%20Indo%2DIranian,%2C%20Great%20Britain%2C%20and%20Germany.

Ridpaph (1890) (Vol. 1 pp. 133 and 135):

https://books.google.com/books?id=YeaeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA133&dq=Start+of+Anu+worship&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiysILi94WFAxU2FFkFHR6pBBsQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Start%20of%20Anu%20worship&f=false

Palestine Exploration Fund (1882) (P. 88): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP5HAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA88&dq=Anu+Moloch&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA_PKfsvmEAxW3MlkFHTsVCYo4ChDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Moloch&f=false
Seisenberger (1911) (P. 63):

https://books.google.com/books?id=l35AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63&dq=Anu+Moloch&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4irK_r_mEAxVXkokEHRoHAj8Q6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Moloch&f=false
Knappert (1877) (PP. 29-30):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8GhbAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=milcom+give+el+the+bull&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjvcH83Y2FAxXUFlkFHWMJACcQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=milcom%20give%20el%20the%20bull&f=false

Matthew 26:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/matthew/26.htm
Jeremiah 2:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/2.htm

Judges 6:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/judges/6.htm

1 Kings 18:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/18.htm

Jeremiah 19:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/19.htm

Hosea 2:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hosea/2.htm

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dagan:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dagan

Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh

L'Heureux (1979 [2019 edition]) (PP. 43-44):

https://books.google.com/books?id=9vb7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA44&dq=Elioun+Adonis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhnfSJydKHAxXHD1kFHTpaAH4Q6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Elioun%20Adonis&f=false

Soury (1881) (P. 56):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rqACAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA56&dq=Elioun+Adonis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP-PPY1NKHAxVZmokEHRaUEckQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Elioun%20Adonis&f=false

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Adonis:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Adonis-Greek-mythology#:~:text=Adonis%2C%20in%20Greek%20mythology%2C%20a,with%20Venus%20by%20the%20Romans).

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tammuz:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tammuz-Mesopotamian-god

Dawson (1888) (P. 369):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rJsTAAAAQAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA369&dq=adonai+aten&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity&ov2=1#v=onepage&q=adonai%20aten&f=false

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew: 136. Adonay:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/136.htm

de Jassy (1908; in Carus, 1908, Vol. 18 pp. 130-131):

https://books.google.com/books?id=CqsLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=Helios+El+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR28Pk36yGAxUVMlkFHYkzAZsQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Helios%20El%20god&f=false

Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Explore the Collection. Cultic stele:

https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/371435-0

Niesiolowski-Spano (2013):

https://www.academia.edu/62706655/Child_Sacrifice_in_Seventh_Century_Judah_and_the_Origins_of_Passover

Massey (1883) (Vol. 1 p. 332):

https://books.google.com/books?id=MaI0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA417&dq=ptah+god+is+saturn&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjny-KzreeJAxWaElkFHfK7MTgQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Elohim&f=false
Brown (2000) (P. 61):

https://books.google.com/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=__8uAAAAYAAJ&dq=dingir+ilu+star&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=dingir+ilu+

Hommel (1897) (P. 62):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xAQdAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA62&dq=Ea+god+of+atmosphere&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCnczH_p2KAxW5MVkFHZvQNoUQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20god%20of%20atmosphere&f=false

King (1902) (P. 268):

https://books.google.com/books?id=KBQMTO3-c9oC&pg=PA268&dq=dingir+ilu+star&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiscKFs-eJAxX5KVkFHWVGCWAQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=dingir%20ilu%20star&f=false

Seters (1966) (PP. 171-172, 174-175, and 178): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=F0T7DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=What+gods+did+the+Hyksos+worship?&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj62JWq-r2JAxU0EFkFHahmADMQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=What%20gods%20did%20the%20Hyksos%20worship%3F&f=false
-V2:

https://archive.org/details/hyksosnewinvesti0000vans/page/172/mode/2up?q=seth&view=theater

Callahan (2002):

https://nomorebiggov.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/secret-orgin-of-the-bible.pdf

Middlemas (1971 [2015 edition]) (PP. 64-65):

https://books.google.com/books?id=R_fxa16cBHgC&pg=PA64&dq=gods+associated+with+the+bull+calf&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP3aLW2ZmKAxUAF1kFHemoJ-E4FBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=gods%20associated%20with%20the%20bull%20calf&f=false

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea (god):

https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enki/index.html

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Melqart:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Melqart

Scales (2009) (Ch. 1 [p. 6]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wifibfq2rMC&pg=PT169&dq=poseidon+hippocampus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtiLHPlseKAxWED1kFHb5ZK9EQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=poseidon%20hippocampus&f=false

Claus (1972) (Vol. 4 p. 46):

https://archive.org/details/historyofoldtest0004sche/page/46/mode/1up?q=Asherah

-V2 (Snippet):

Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023):

https://dokumen.pub/an-anum-and-related-lists-god-lists-of-ancient-mesopotamia-orientalische-religionen-in-der-antike-1-9783161613821-9783161613838-3161613821.html

Fontanille et al., (2023) (P. 138):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QOrxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Zeus+Iao&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivyMufodaKAxWsj4kEHeGGMSQ4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Iao&f=false

2 Kings 23:10 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/2_kings/23-10.htm

Hebrews 9:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hebrews/9.htm

Hebrews 10:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hebrews/10.htm
-NIV:

https://biblehub.com/niv/hebrews/10.htm

Romans 3:

-NASB
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/romans/3.htm
-NIV:

https://biblehub.com/niv/romans/3.htm

Ephesians 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/ephesians/2.htm

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_cassiel.html

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_sachiel.html

Sayce (1888):

https://books.google.com/books?id=GS8JAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA548&dq=Eridu+Jews&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_1-is0MyLAxXFEFkFHea0KcIQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Eridu&f=false

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 7700. shed: 

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7700.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 7706. Shadday:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7706.htm

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Marduk:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Marduk
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Enlil:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Enlil
Jacobsen (1970) (PP. 23-24, and 29):
https://books.google.com/books?id=nldKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&dq=Eridu+pantheon%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjo_uaVnomGAxVXN2IAHUkKC5U4FBDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=Eridu%20pantheon%C2%A0&f=false
Budge (1981) (P. 127):
https://books.google.com/books?id=yh5HAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA158&dq=merodach+marduk&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJzdi3g-CNAxUwkYkEHTCuLCoQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=merodach%20&f=false
MacKenzie (n.a [2023 edition]) (Astrology and Astronomy):
https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVHiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT95&dq=tammuz+ram&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwih_cLCic-NAxUqKFkFHUuwA_EQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=tammuz%20ram&f=false
Burkert (1972) (P. 207):
https://books.google.com/books?id=pNGOeAh1780C&pg=PA207&dq=Marduk+fish&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyvNe0g6aNAxWtF1kFHc_iK7sQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Marduk%20fish&f=false
Michalowski (2025; in Ulanowski and Warburton, 2025) (PP. 180-181):
https://books.google.com/books?id=RjZEEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA181&dq=Marduk+fish&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyvNe0g6aNAxWtF1kFHc_iK7sQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Marduk%20fish&f=false
Lewis and Llewellyn-Jones (2018) (Marine Creatures: Fish):
https://books.google.com/books?id=GvJFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT664&dq=Marduk+fish&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyvNe0g6aNAxWtF1kFHc_iK7sQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Marduk%20fish&f=false
Straiton (1927) (Vol. 2 p. 177):
https://books.google.com/books?id=NwMvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA177&dq=Marduk+fish&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyvNe0g6aNAxWtF1kFHc_iK7sQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Marduk%20fish&f=false
Tyson (2024) (P. 37):
https://books.google.com/books?id=ujwNEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA37&dq=Marduk+fish&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiikYSkh6aNAxV7F1kFHc_bA2o4ChDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=Marduk%20fish&f=false

Keel and Uehlinger (1996):

https://archive.org/details/godsgoddessesima0000keel/page/308/mode/1up?q=Yahweh+boat

-V2:

https://archive.org/details/godsgoddessesima0000keel/page/311/mode/1up?q=Yahweh+moon+god
Miller, Jr. (1980):

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1356757

Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 352. ayil:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/352.htm

Rawlings (in Bowden and Rawlings, 2005) (P. 175):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sxctEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR7&dq=melqart+hercules&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcvqqn_rqOAxWLFFkFHQ9PMaMQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=melqart%20hercules&f=false

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew: 433. eloah:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/433.htm

Hawthorne (1887) (PP. 19 and 24): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=8joCDv9XuIkC&pg=PA2&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1#v=onepage&q=Iesous&f=false


2.) Anum (Assur-Bel-Dagan-Ninib):
God (Anum) with overflowing waters (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 95 Figure 48):
In the Mesopotamian religion, An, also spelled Anu and Anum is the god of the sky/heavens (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, An/Anu) (Bhattacharji, 1970 [2016 edition], p. 24) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Anu, para. 1). The names of Anu on the An = Anum list is A-nu-um (Anum) and Antum (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 22). Hommel (1897) said that Anu's name is "Num or Anum (shortened into Nu or Anu)," (p. 63). I'll go with the name Anum. 

The name Anu/Ana originally meant "god," just like the names Il (El) and Ra did (Rawlinson, 1885, pp. 74-75) (Krul, 2018, p. 10), as well as "heaven" (Krul, 2018, p. 10). Anu/Anum was also the "God of Storms, Winds, and Waves," (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2020 edition], p. 58). Anum is the father of the gods, evil spirits, demons, and demonesses (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Anu, para. 1). Anum, also called Ouranos or Uranus, betrayed the god Alalu (the first god and "a god of the earth") to take over the throne (Bachvarova, 2013 [in Chavalas, 2013], p. 274) (Livinstone, 2002, p. 89) (The Melammu Project, Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1)) (Yasumura, 2011 [2013 edition], p. 77) (Thierens, 1935 [2024 edition], p. 47). This is the original betrayer god. In the Hittite Kumarbi myth, Anu is castrated by Kumarbi (The Melammu Project, Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1)) (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2020 edition], p. 58). In the Phoenician religion, Ouranus ("heaven") is the son of Elion and Beruth. He was later castrated by his son Elus-Ilus-Cronus (Sanchoniatho, Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], pp. 28-29, and 34). The name Alalu was also spelled as "Alala" (Cohen, 2021; in Kelly and Metcalf, 2021, p. 155) (Frayne and Stuckey, 2021, p. 11). On the An = Anum list, Alala was equated to Anum (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 22). So in a funny way, Anum-Uranus betrayed himself.


Anum was represented by a horned crown and the bull (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, An-Anu) (Farbridge, 1923, p. 200) (Boulary, 1999, p. 66; Figure 20). The horned crown was also the symbol of Enlil (Boulary, 1999, p. 66; Figure 20). Being represented by the bull indicated that Anum was a senior member of the pantheon. Enlil, Taru, Tessub, and Ilu, were also represented by the bull (Lewis, 2020, p. 154). It seems that Anum and Enlil were the same god, since they both had the same symbols. Like El, "Ouranos was the procreative god," (Bhattacharji, 1970 [2016 edition], p. 24). This fits with him having the bull as his symbol. Nannar, "'the bull of Anu,'" represents the moon because the crescent moon "represents a bull's horns" (Farbridge, 1923, p. 200). The names Anum and Antum are associated with Enlil (Radau, 1904, pp. 92-93). and the moon god Sin is also associated with the name Anum (p. 92 note 4). Anu, and An, are Anum (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2020 edition], p. 58) (Beaulieu, 2018, p. 203). This would make Enlil, Anu-Anum, and Sin, moon gods. Anu's bull, also called "the Bull of Heaven," seems to have been an epithet of Anu originally before getting turned into a separate entity. Also, Antu/Antum is Anu's wife, who seems to have been (or "confused with") Inanna/Ishtar (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Anu, para. 2). Anu, the moon god Nabu, and the moon god Sin, are all the same god. Nabu is also associated with the crescent moon (Beaulieu, 2007 [in Heinz and Feldman, 2007], p. 152) (Beaulieu, 2018, pp. 203-204).

Smith (1876) said that Anum was Lahma-Lahmu and Sar-Assur (pp. 54-55, 65-66, and 68). On the An = Anum list, Ansar and Lahma (Lahmu) are equated to Anum. On "the "Smaller An:A-nu-um" list, Ansar is equated to Enlil. This is on the tablet CT 24 49 K. 4349E:7 (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 21; note 8). This would make Anum and Enlil the same god. El/Ilah was also Anu, and Zeus (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], Vol. 5 p. 93). In the L.W. King translation of the Enuma Elish, Ansar is the father of Anum (Enuma Elish [King, 2001 translation], Tablet 1 [p. 3]). Cook (1914) said that Ashur, the god of Assyria, was Zeus. He was called Zeus Assyrios. Ashur was represented being inside a solar winged disk or wheel. In the Tanakh, Ieue said to Moses "I am that I am" (Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]). The word "asher" apparently means "that" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 834. asher), or is usually translated as "'who, that, which'" (Propp, 1998, endnote 3). However, Propp (1998) said that asher might be the name of the god Asher, also called Asshur, who is also Osiris. Asherah is the wife of Asher, just as Elah is Asherah's name when she is married to El. Therefore, Exodus 3:14 should be translated as "I am Asher, I am." Another interesting word in the Tanakh is ashrey, which is the "majestic dual of 'Asher" (endnote 3):
I'm guessing that ashrey means multiple individuals? If so, then perhaps Ashrey are to Asher what the Elohim are to El. They were individuals, most likely other deities, that served Asher. Albright (1925), whom Propp cites as well, said that the divinity (god) Asir is the god that the Assyrians named their city after ("Ausar-Assur"), and eventually became the name of the tribe of Aser. Asir is also Osiris, and Aserah-Asirat is originally "merely a variant of Asir" (p. 99). Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) said that Asar, or Isar, is Osiris and "Azar (Mars)." Asar must be Asir/Asher/Asshur. Dunlap also said that Asar is El and Saturn (p. 77). Harwood (2017) said that Exodus 3:14 should be "I am Osiris, I am":
Farbridge (1923) said that Ansar meant "'Anu of the universe'," and Ansar was Ashur. Ashur "was the great war-god of Assyria." He was also a sun god "symbolized by a sun disk with wavy rays extending to the circumference of the disk," (pp. 200-201). Anum, Assur, and Enlil, were all the same god. Anum was also the god Osiris.


In the Greek religion, Uranus was the son and husband of Gaea. He is the father of "the Titans, the Cyclopes, and the Hecatoncheires" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Uranus, para. 1). Ouranos' name means "heaven," and in the Hindu religion he is called Varuna (Griswold, 1910, p. 31). Anu is also Varuna (Bhattacharji, 1970 [2016 edition], p. 24) (Lyle, 2012, p. 106 figure 9-1), which comes at no surprise to me. Interestingly, both Varuna and Ouranos/Worsanos were also rain deities (Griswold, 1910, p. 31) (West, 2007 [2008 edition], p. 137). Later on, Uranus is castrated by his son Cronus (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Uranus, para. 1). 

Interestingly, the Uranus statue on the Pergamon Altar from the Pergamon Museum shows him with wings, which is similar to the Cronus statue by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) (Wikipedia). Photo belongs to Miguel Hermoso Cuesta:
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:
El (Enlil) also had wings (Encyclopaedia Britannica, El, para. 2). Coins from Gebal picture El "with six wings, two pairs extended from the back in flight, and one pair below, drooping at rest," (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], pp. 67-68). This is seen on a coin from 80 B.C. (p. 68 Figure 38) (Right):
The figure on the left is the goddess Astarte (p. 68).

Anum is also "shown resting on a throne" (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, An/Anu). This sounds familiar to Ea, and Enlil. 

Sanchoniatho also stated that Elus sacrificed one of his sons to Ouranus (Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 37). Anum-Uranus seems to have been associated with human sacrifice, just like Enlil was. Anum was also called malik/Moloch (Ridpaph, 1890, Vol. 1 p. 133) (Palestine Exploration Fund, 1882, p. 88). Another name given to Anum is Anamelech (Ridpaph, 1890, Vol. 1 p. 133 note 1) (Seisenberger, 1911, p. 63), meaning "King Anu" (Seisenberger, 1911, p. 63). Chronos, Ouranus, Moloch, Milcorn (Milcom), Chemosh, Anu, Elion, and Brahma, were equated to being "an ancient and wrathful deity" who was "appeased by human sacrifice and worshiped at cairns of stone" (Palestine Exploration Fund, 1882, p. 88).

In the Papyrus from Derveni, Ouranos, Kronos, and Zeus, were equated as being the same deity (Rusten, 1985; in Bailey, 1985, Vol. 89 p. 135). Also in the papyrus, Ouranos is equated to the sun (p. 136). Anu is associated with the "sun's ecliptic," which is "'the way of Anu'" (Farbridge, 1923, p. 200). The sun's ecliptic is tracking the sun as it goes around the celestial sphere (Durham University, Department of Physics, User's Guide to the Night Sky, The Ecliptic: The Sun's Annual Path on the celestial Sphere, para. 1). Mushet (1837) said that "Ouranus Cronus, and Zeus, were the same person." The goddesses that they married were also the same person too (pp. 62-63). This would make Uranus a sun and moon god, and being the same deity as Cronus and Zeus. 

The word Asura was originally an epithet of Varuna (as "Asura-Varuna"), but eventually they became the six Amesha Spentas of Ahura Mazda (Bhattacharji, 1970 [2016 edition], p. 24). Ahura Mazda is the "Supreme God of the Zoroastrians," and "is the president of the council of six ministers (sometimes seven), known as the Amesha Spentas" or "'Augmentative Immortals.'" There were three males, and three females. They were probably "aspects" or "personifications" of Ahura Mazda, or other "gods or archangels." Ahura Mazda "revealed himself to humans through the Amesha Spentas." Ahura Mazda's symbols was the "flames of fire," and he is depicted with wings (just like El-Cronus, and Uranus) (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2020 edition], pp. 28-29). Potts (1997) identified Anu with Ahura Mazda (p. 290). Krul (2018) said that Anu has been equated to Zeus before, but says that he would be "comparable with" Ahura Mazda "who seems to have been viewed as a sky god" (pp. 41-42). Ahura Mazda-Auramazda is Zeus under the name Zeus Oromasdes (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 741) (Evelpidou et al., 2010, p. 347). Auramazda (or Ahura Mazda)-Zeus Oromasdes is pictured inside the same winged disk (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, pp. 207-208). The Anunnaki are the "high gods," and pantheon of the Sumerians. They are the offspring of Anu and Antu. Anu is also the father of "seven evil demons known as the Utukki" (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 59). 

Uranus is the Archangel Uriel (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Uriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences), which would make Anum and Uriel the same person as well. As stated previously, Uranus and Saturn were the same individual. This makes both Anum, and Ea, the Archangel Uriel. In Atrahasis, Ea warns Atrahasis to build a boat to survive the flood that Enlil brought upon the Earth (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition], pp. 28-31). In 1 Enoch 6, the Archangel Uriel warns Noah to build the boat. Just like Anum betrayed the first god Alulu, Ea killed the first god Apsu (Horowitz, 1998, pp. 109-111). Ouranos has been equated to Zeus under the name Zeus Ouranos (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 8) (Thierry, 2015 [2016 edition; in Henry and Kelp, 2016], p. 649) (Canepa, 2018 [2020 edition], p. 191). Marks (2020) said that Anu is Zeus as well, and is the father of Aphrodite, in the Iliad. Anu is the father of Inanna (who is Aphrodite), which would equate Anum to Zeus ([in Pache et al., 2020], Mythic Background). Rev. Fradenburgh said that Anu was "the Assyrian Zeus" (Rev. Fradenburgh, 1893; in Whedon, 1883, p. 114). 

There's another name for Uranus called Shamayim. The word means "Heaven," but it was also the individual that El sacrificed his son to. Both Shamayim's and Uranus' names mean "Heaven" (Falk, 1996, pp. 65-66). This was stated in Sanchoniatho's book too. Bible Hub says that shamayim means "heaven" and "sky," and it was used in Genesis 1:1 for heaven (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 8064. shamayim). This means that Uranus and Shamayim are the same individual. Another name for Shamayim is Elohim Shamayim, or Theos Ouranos. This means "God heaven," or "God in heaven." However, Elohim is plural (Hancke, 2014, p. 105), so it's actually "Gods in heaven." There is also an Elah Shamayin (Daniel 2:19 [Interlinear]) (Hancke, 2014, p. 35). Elah Shamayin means "God of Heaven" (Hancke, 2014, p. 35). Elah seems to be singular (Elliott, 1883, p. 46) (The Holy Bible [Hodder and Stoughton, 1896 edition], p. xxii) (Shehadeh, 2018, Vol. 1-2 pp. 95 and 97). To my surprise, Shamayim, or Baal Shamayin, has been equated to Baal Haddu-Hadad-Adad-Bel-Belus (Smith, 1877, p. 1126) (Sommer, 2009, p. 24). Smith (1877) said that Shamayin is also Osiris, Adon-Adonis, Thammuz (Tammuz-Dumuzi), Molech-Milcom, and Chemosh. These deities, along with Hadad, represented the sun and was worshipped by the Essenes and the "later kings of Judah" (p. 1126). Sommer (2009) said that, along with Baal Shamayin, "Baal of Mount Saphon," "Baal of Peor, Baal of Ugarit, Baal of Lebanon, and Baal of Sidon," were "local epithets of Hadad." Baal Malage was also Baal Shamayin (p. 24). This would make Anum-Uranus and Adad the same individual! As stated before, Adad has been equated to Zeus. Both El and Baal have been equated to Shamayin as well. This makes Uranus, and Jupiter, the same individual.

To my surprise, Anum was an underworld deity as well. Other names for Ana (Anum) are Oan/Oannes, Yan, and Hades-Pluto-Plutus-Dis. He was the "'king of the lower world,' the 'Lord of darkness' or 'death,' the 'ruler of the far-off city,' and the like." His city was Huruk/Ereck, which is Warka today. The city was a place where the Chaldeans buried their dead. He was also the "'lord of the earth' and of the 'mountains'" (Rawlinson, 1885, pp. 74-75) (Ridpaph, 1890, p. 133). As stated before, the epithet "lord of the earth" was also El's and Enki's/Poseidon's. In fact, Albright (1994) said that Anu was the Babylonian version of El (pp. 120 and 123), and both of them were married to Asherah (pp. 121 and 123). In his 1925 commentary to Aeschylus' play, Pryse said that Anum was Zeus, Ea was Poseidon, and Bel (Enlil) was Plouton (Pluto) (Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound [Pryse, 1925 translation], p. 98). Another god equated to Anum was Assur-Ansar. This deity was ruled by the Assyrians, and they made him the father of Anu when they were in Uruk (Ereck). However, Assur-Ansar was equated to being Anuum as well (Krul, 2018, pp. 14-15). In total, Anum, Ea, Enlil, and Hades, were the same deity. 

Another symbol for Anum is the Maltese Cross (Smith, 1876, p. 54) (Laughlin, 1900; in The Open Court, Vol. 14, p. 235) (Rev. Fradenburgh, 1893; in Whedon, 1883, p. 114). The Maltese cross was worn by Assyrian kings (Laughlin, 1900; in The Open Court, Vol. 14, p. 235). It was also the symbol of the Knights/Order of St. John (Gainesville.org, The Maltese Cross) (Sovereign Order of Malta, The Eight-Pointed Cross, para. 1), and it was used during the Crusades. It is currently used as a symbol for firefighters (Gainesville.org, The Maltese Cross). The cross has "eight points symbolizing the eight Beatitudes to Saint Matthew and the eight virtues that a member must possess," (Sovereign Order of Malta, The Eight-Pointed Cross, para. 4). Laughlin said that the "equilateral Pre-Christian cross" might've had a different origin from the crosses of other deities, but the four corners of the cross in general are for "mapping out thereby the four quarters of the universe" and "sun worship appears from the fact that the solar disk is frequently inserted in the four corners, to designate the rising sun, the midday sun, the setting sun, and the invisible sun in the realm of the dead," (Laughlin, 1900; in The Open Court, Vol. 14, pp. 235-237). As for the "equilateral cross with dots on its four corners," it was a symbol of Hathor (p. 237). In Greece, the cross was also "on the dresses of various deities, such as Aphrodite and Dionysos" (p. 239). It is said that Constantine saw the cross in the sky before his victory in the Battle of Milvian Bridge. This led him to "adopt Christian beliefs" (Ryan, 2022, para. 2, 4-6). This happened in Assyria too, and it represented "divine protection" (Laughlin, 1900; in The Open Court, Vol. 14, p. 235).

The Assyrian cross in the sky (left), and the Maltese Cross of Anum on an Assyrian priest (right) (Laughlin, 1900; in The Open Court, Vol. 14, p. 235):
Vision of the Cross (Vatican Museums, Museums: Raphael's Rooms: Vision of the Cross):
Interestingly, while Anum seems to be Uranus, other sources say that Anum was Saturn. Talbott (1980) said that all of the Sumerian gods were actually Anum (p. 13), and most of the gods are actually Saturn. This includes Anuum, El (Enlil), Enki-Ea, Ninurta, and others (p. 28). The dingir star represented the god An/Anu, and it is in front of the names of the other gods. The dingir made the gods "aspects of the father Anu." Dingir also meant "'shining,' 'bright,'" (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], Vol. 5 p. 93). Jensen (1890) said that Anum was Saturn/Kronos, and the god Ninib (pp. 136-138 [German]). Anum and Antum are both called Ninib, but this is supposedly a different Ninib that's equated to Ninurta (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 21; note 5). However, if Anum is Cronus then he is Ninurta. Both Ninurta and Enlil are equated to the number 50 (Rollig, 1971, p. 500 [German]), and we know that Anum is Enlil. Therefore, Ninib is both Anum and Ninurta. I thought that the name Oan for Anum equated him to Oannes, but Oannes-Uanna was actually a name for an Apkallu and not Anum (Toorn et al., 1999, p. 73) (Kilmer, 1985; in Conrad and Newig, 1985, p. 40). In actuality, the name Oan, also spelled On (Inman, 1868, pp. 243-244) (Dunlap, 1856, p. 22), is a name of the sun. The names "Ar and On give Ur-an-os, or Our-an-os ('Heaven,' or Saturn, which is Seth-uran-us, the El-Shaddi, Sadi, Set, or Seth of Genesis, Seth-os, a king of Egypt); Sal-ernum (now Sal-er-no) is Sol-uranus." Adding the name "Ak" to "Ur-an-os, gives 'Ekron, whose god was Baal-zebub,' K-ron-os, 'the beaming sun,' a name of Saturn (Ak-Ar-On)," (Dunlap, 1856, p. 22). Uranus and Kronus are both Saturn! In totality, this means that all of the gods were Saturn, since the dingir star is in front of all of the other god names!

According to Johns (1909), Iau-Jahwe (Ieue) is the "star-like sign AN." This is shown on "the sign list," along with ilu. As stated by Johns, "This suggests that El and Jahwe were generic names for 'God' in Babylonian," (in Sweet, 1909, p. 51). If this is true, then the dingir, ilu, and iau, star were the same symbol. Any god with the iau star next to their name would equate them as being a different persona of Ea/Ieue! Pinches (1910) said that the "broken Syllabary (C.T., XII, 4) actually equates the Sumerian AN with the Semitic Babylonian Ia'u, which appears to be identical with the Hebrew" yod hei vav, yod hei "(Yahu, 'Jah')." An Assyrian version is "Ia'ti (= Ia'ti, Ia'hu?)." Ia'ti could be the female version of the masculine Ia'u. Ia'u-Jah-Iahu could also "originally have been an old name for Heaven," like Anum (in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. 32 pp. 67-68). The dingir star (AN), ilu star, and the iau star, are the same symbol. 

As stated before, Anum was also called the "lord of the earth," (Rawlinson, 1885, p. 75), and "'the king of the lower world'," (Rawlinson, 1885, p. 74) (Ridpaph, 1890, p. 133). Ea was also called "lord of the earth (Enki)," and the "god of the lower region." Anum was equated to Pluto (Rawlinson, 1885, pp. 74-75) (Ridpaph, 1890, p. 133). Hea (Ea) was the ruler of Hades/Hell (Smith, 1876, p. 57), just like Hades/Pluto is. The place Hades is Sheol in the Greek translation of the Tanakh (Septuagint translation), and the god Hades-Pluto was also equated to Zeus  (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Hades). Hea (Ea) was also the "lord of [...] treasures" (Smith, 1876, p. 57). Ana (Anum) "is 'the layer-up of treasures,'" (Rawlinson, 1885, p. 75). Ea ruled the Apsu. Anum "governed heaven from his throne in the cosmic sea Apsu," (Talbott, 1980, p. 13). Hea was equated to Cronus. Anum was also equated to Cronus (Talbott, 1980, p. 28) (Jensen, 1890, pp. 136-138 [German]) (Dunlap, 1856, p. 22). Ea and Anum are basically the same deity. They're basically identical with each other. Other sources also state that Anum was also El-Enlil (Albright, 1994, pp. 120 and 123) (Talbott, 1980, p. 28). 

Finally, Anum was equated to the number 60 (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, An/Anu: Name and Spellings: Written forms) (Rollig, 1971, p. 500 [German]). On the obverse side of the tablet K 170 + Rm 520, Anum was equated to the number 60 (Livingstone, 1986, p. 31):
Parpola (1993) said that Anum was equated to the number 1, and that Rollig was wrong in equating Anum to 60 (pp. 182-184). Toorn (1999) said that Anu was 1 (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842). Berlejung (2021) said that the number 60 was given to Anum during the Seleucid, and Parthian, periods of Uruk (Erech) (pp. 178 and 208). Ea was equated to 60 as well (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea: Name and spellings: Written forms) (Rollig, 1971, p. 500 [German]) (Parpola, 1993, p. 182 notes 87-88) (Toorn, 1999; in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842). 

Anum is d60 (or just 60) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, An/Anu: Name and Spellings: Written forms):

Ea-Enki is d40 and d60 (or just 40 and 60) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea: Name and Spellings: Written forms):

Ea and Anum are the same individual! This means that Ea was Uranus. Therefore, all three deities: Ea, Enlil, and Anum, are the same god! In fact, you could say that Anum, Enlil, and Ea, were Ea's trinity. This also helps to explain how, in another sense, Enlil-Marduk (number 50) is the "son" of Ea-Anum (number 60). Once again, this means that the other gods were different aspects of Ea! Looks like the "disease-demons" of Enlil, and the "seven daughters" of "fates" of Anum, mentioned in Spencer (1916 [2010 edition]), served Ea too. One demonic deity controlled all the demons, and fates! 

As shown above, Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) shows a god (center) surrounded by other individuals. The god has an overflowing vase with two rivers flowing out of it. The water is going into the animal that represents Capricorn. There is a stream of water coming out of the god (from behind), and it is going into the animal representing Aquarius. Langdon identifies the god as Anum, and said that Aquarius "belongs to the 'way' of Anu," (p. 95; Figure 48; p. 96). The "Springs and Rivers" god with the overflowing vase, usually equated to Enki-Ea, holds "The bread and water of eternal life." The bread and water are held by Anu "in the highest Heaven (p. 95). Langdon said that "the vase of overflowing water, often with a plant springing from it, belongs to the god who is throned in high Heaven." This god would be Anu (pp. 95-96). Aquarius is the second astrological sign (first being Capricorn) of the Archangel Cassiel, the archangel of Saturn. Aquarius and Capricorn were also Cassiel's geomantic symbols (Archangels and Angels, 
Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). Aquarius is also the geomantic symbol of the Archangel Uriel (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Uriel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). 

Anum was both the Archangels Cassiel and Uriel, and he was Ea. This makes all of the other gods just different versions of Ea!

Links:
3.) Anum:
Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]):

https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n18/mode/1up

Uranus statue in the Pergamon Museum (Wikipedia):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altar_P%C3%A9rgamo_Urano_01.JPG

Bachvarova (2013) (in Chavalas, 2013) (P. 274):

https://books.google.com/books?id=BY9mAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA274&dq=Alulu+Anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt9O6F1OSCAxV0EmIAHYSHCb0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Alulu%20Anu&f=false
Livingstone (2002) (P. 89):
https://books.google.com/books?id=1nhO28Gm0sAC&pg=PA89&dq=anu+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk-deSkP39AhWXEVkFHQZzBwAQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20ouranos&f=false

The Melammu Project. Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1):
http://www.melammu-project.eu/database/gen_html/a0001230.html

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Uranus:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uranus-mythology
Griswold (1910) (P. 31):

https://books.google.com/books?id=o_AcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31&dq=ouranos+rain+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj10JmFxLCDAxVoLFkFHbRHA60Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=ouranos%20rain%20god&f=false
West (2007 [2008 edition]) (P. 137):

https://books.google.com/books?id=yhdREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA137&dq=ouranos+lord+of+rain&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1h-nNxbCDAxUMLFkFHSTlBHMQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=ouranos%20lord%20of%20rain&f=false

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. An/Anu:

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/an/index.html

Lewis (2020):

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Origin_and_Character_of_God.html?id=hOfuDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):

https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

-V2:

https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up
Radau (1904) (PP. 92-93):

https://books.google.com/books?id=RaoLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA92&dq=kronos+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxnse1m_39AhVokYkEHfhiBkwQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=kronos%20enlil&f=false

Rusten (1985 [in Bailey, 1985, Vol. 89]) (PP. 130, 135-136):

https://books.google.com/books?id=qbSNBPVIJ8EC&pg=PA135&dq=Zeus+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwja7PfpgeCCAxUlEGIAHU7ZD004ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20ouranos&f=false

Bhattacharji (1970 [2016 edition], p. 24):

https://books.google.com/books?id=RmTxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Odin+Dyaus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNr_rbvOOCAxXTGVkFHXEdA90Q6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Odin%20Dyaus&f=false
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2020 edition]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=US&focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&q&f=false

-2013 edition (p. 142):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA142&dq=Damkina+Anath&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDmr7hsrKLAxVAFVkFHXePL9AQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Damkina%20Anath&f=false

Lyle (2012) (PP. 105-106):

https://books.google.com/books?id=RrIwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106&dq=Dyaus+Anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwic-dyLu96CAxXHElkFHRRpCTIQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Dyaus%20Anu&f=false

Farbridge (1923) (P. 200):

Durham University. Department of Physics. User's Guide to the Night Sky. The Ecliptic: The Sun's Annual Path on the celestial Sphere:

https://astro.dur.ac.uk/~ams/users/solar_year.html

Encyclopaedia Britannica. El:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/El

Atrahasis (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition]):
https://geha.paginas.ufsc.br/files/2017/04/Atrahasis.pdf
-Date of book:
https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s
1 Enoch:
https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Uriel:
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_uriel.html

-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_uriel.html

Horowitz (1998) (PP. 109-111):

https://books.google.com/books?id=P8fl8BXpR0MC&pg=PA111&dq=Apsu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMyMXJ1eSCAxVWMlkFHaD-BPoQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Apsu%20god&f=false

Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):

https://books.google.com/books/about/Zeus.html?id=9e9gpRpZWCYC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US#v=snippet&q=Zeus%20Ouranos&f=false
Thierry (2015 [2016 edition; in Henry and Kelp, 2016]) (P. 649):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EW79CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA649&dq=Zeus+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX773C_N-CAxX_FFkFHbLODToQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20ouranos&f=false

Canepa (2018 [2020 edition]) (P. 191):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ebD2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&dq=Zeus+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1icOnhOCCAxWxEVkFHdfxBq44FBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20ouranos&f=false
Potts (1997) (P. 290):

https://books.google.com/books?id=OdZS9gBu4KwC&pg=PA290&dq=Anu+Zeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFkZe9jOCCAxX3FlkFHZWjClY4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Zeus&f=false
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:

https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Anu:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anu
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition], p. 59):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA95&dq=marduk+bel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDisSt3oP7AhXaM1kFHZY6CakQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=snippet&q=anu%20anunnaki&f=false

Evelpidou et al., (2010) (P. 347):

https://books.google.com/books?id=wDcd41aCRLQC&pg=PA347&dq=Zeus+Oromasdes+Hermes&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLlryH7YCDAxWQLFkFHQGuDdUQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Oromasdes%20Hermes&f=false
Marks (2020 [in Pache et al., 2020]) (Mythic Background):

https://books.google.com/books?id=BVnSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123&dq=Anu+Zeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9rtbChuCCAxWFEFkFHdRkBhYQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Zeus&f=false
Beaulieu (2007 [in Heinz and Feldman, 2007]) (P. 152):

https://books.google.com/books?id=_7kP_hNKHxIC&pg=PA152&dq=Anu+moon+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXwqLE0rqDAxXoM1kFHcScBAMQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20moon%20god&f=false
Krul (2018):

https://www.academia.edu/36775866

Beaulieu (2018):

https://www.academia.edu/38312390

Coulter and Turner (2000 [2020 edition]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=US&focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&q&f=false

Encyclopaedia Brittanica. Gaea:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gaea
Falk (1996) (PP. 65-66):

https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&pg=PA66&dq=shamayim+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS9dij-NSEAxUwF1kFHQ1GDl0Q6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=shamayim%20god&f=false
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 8064. shamayim:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8064.htm
Hancke (2014) (P. 105):

https://books.google.com/books?id=aH44AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105&dq=Shamayim+Ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS_ZezusyEAxW5EGIAHZQWA8wQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Shamayim%20Ouranos&f=false

Smith (1877) (P. 1126):

https://books.google.com/books?id=K43oKGWYRWYC&pg=PA1126&dq=Shamayin+equated+to+baal+hadad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQhvvA_9SEAxV6EFkFHbfkACoQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Shamayin%20equated%20to%20baal%20hadad&f=false
Sommer (2009) (P. 24):

https://books.google.com/books?id=IEYhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Shamayin+hadad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnktiT_tSEAxUREVkFHTWEAfE4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Shamayin%20hadad&f=false

Smith (1876):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en
Gainesville.org. The Maltese Cross:

https://www.gainesville.org/215/The-Maltese-Cross#:~:text=The%20Maltese%20Cross%20is%20known,John

Sovereign Order of Malta. The Eight-Pointed Cross:

https://www.orderofmalta.int/history/the-eight-pointed-cross/
Laughlin (1900; in The Open Court) (Vol. 14, p. 235):

https://books.google.com/books?id=custAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA235&dq=anu+symbol+winged+disk&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifjL-z_sGCAxUlEGIAHWXOBqgQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20symbol%20winged%20disk&f=false
Rev. Fradenburgh (1883; in Whedon, 1893) (P. 114):

https://books.google.com/books?id=TpVJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA114&dq=anu+symbol+maltese+cross&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiorIXVgsKCAxWuEVkFHXtAAlMQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20symbol%20maltese%20cross&f=false
Ryan (2022) (Para. 2, 4-6). 

https://ucatholic.com/blog/constantine-converted-after-seeing-this-vision-in-the-sky-from-god/

Vatican Museums. Museums: Raphael's Rooms: Vision of the Cross:

https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/stanze-di-raffaello/sala-di-costantino/visione-della-croce.html
Rawlinson (1885) (PP. 74-75):

https://books.google.com/books?id=hqF_Czzvv8YC&pg=PA76&dq=Enu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip2LSC8oCFAxU_MlkFHZPNDWQQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Enu%20god&f=false

Ridpaph (1890) (Vol. 1 pp. 133 and 135):

https://books.google.com/books?id=YeaeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA133&dq=Start+of+Anu+worship&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiysILi94WFAxU2FFkFHR6pBBsQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Start%20of%20Anu%20worship&f=false

Palestine Exploration Fund (1882) (P. 88): 

Krul (2018) (P. 10):

https://books.google.com/books?id=JmdjDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=An+Anu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUz-eSooiFAxW9EFkFHcDxDSAQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=An%20Anu%20god&f=false
Albright (1994):

https://books.google.com/books?id=qa2AMXzHUAwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Gods+of+Canaan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwic6ZestI2FAxW4m4kEHUbyBocQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Gods%20of%20Canaan&f=false

-V2:

https://books.google.com/books?id=fKm5tQEACAAJ&dq=the+saturn+myth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji-q-xjpaFAxXYMVkFHTAWDhgQ6AF6BAgFEAE

Jensen (1890) (PP. 136-138 [German]).

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157 
Inman (1868) (PP. 243-244):

https://books.google.com/books?id=on5KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA244&dq=Uanna+Anu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieuPu0s5aFAxXsEGIAHRfbBv8Q6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Uanna%20Anu%20god&f=false

Dunlap (1856) (P. 22):

https://books.google.com/books?id=0m06AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+origin+of+ancient+names+of+countries+dunlap&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjm78e0nJeFAxWbFFkFHbmDD9YQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=compounds%20of%20as%2C%20ar&f=false

Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):

https://dokumen.pub/reallexikon-der-assyriologie-und-vorderasiatischen-archologie-rla-3-311003705x.html

-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EBkEGAOlCDsC&pg=PA3&dq=Rollig+Ea+Anu+40+50+60&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjOxbDd3LqFAxUlMlkFHYkRDJYQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Rollig%20Ea%20Anu%2040%2050%2060&f=false

Parpola (1993):

https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater

Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 73):

https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible+(2nd+ed.)&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj36PPTp5aFAxVOFVkFHc_NApQQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Oannes&f=false

Kilmer (1985; in Conrad and Newig, 1985):

https://books.google.com/books?id=URe3ugEQB00C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Mushet (1837) (PP. 62-63):

https://books.google.com/books?id=TENKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+trinities+of+the+ancients+robert&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk8ZqO8Z2FAxUHD1kFHXMrB1wQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=zeus&f=false

Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound (Pryse, 1925 translation) (P. 98):

https://books.google.com/books?id=9XBXAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=prometheus+poseidon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibm7HftLmFAxVGEFkFHRZXDoMQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=prometheus%20poseidon&f=false

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hades:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hades-Greek-mythology

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. An/Anu:

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/an/index.html

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea:

https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enki/index.html

Elliott (1883) (P. 46):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xwHLQlauenMC&pg=PA46&dq=elah+singular&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj60MqaqJ-GAxWsN2IAHQmGC30Q6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=elah%20singular&f=false
The Holy Bible (Hodder and Stoughton, 1896 edition) (P. xxii):

https://books.google.com/books?id=KJzj3F4XriMC&pg=RA1-PA12&dq=elah+singular&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj60MqaqJ-GAxWsN2IAHQmGC30Q6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=elah%20singular&f=false

Cohen (2021; in Kelly and Metcalf, 2021) (P. 155):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8UYlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&dq=Alalu+Alala+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQlpyI3o6HAxVcFFkFHcS8B94Q6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=Alalu%20Alala%20god&f=false
Frayne and Stuckey (2021) (P. 11):

https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&dq=Alalu+Alala+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQlpyI3o6HAxVcFFkFHcS8B94Q6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=Alalu%20Alala%20god&f=false

Litke (1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3) (PP. 22):

https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBC%203%2C%201998.pdf

Yasumura (2011 [2013 edition]) (P. 77):

https://books.google.com/books?id=vSNMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA77&dq=anu+uranus+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLrPmw7pWHAxVVEFkFHTHPBY0Q6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=anu%20uranus%20god&f=false

Thierens (1935 [2024 edition]) (P. 47):

https://books.google.com/books?id=mJAFEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA47&dq=anu+uranus+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLrPmw7pWHAxVVEFkFHTHPBY0Q6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=anu%20uranus%20god&f=false

-Date:

https://brill.com/display/title/65393

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Cassiel:
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_cassiel.html

-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_cassiel.html

Enuma Elish (King, 2001 translation): 

http://public-library.uk/ebooks/32/54.pdf

Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm

Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 834. asher:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/834.htm

Propp (1998):

https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/article/santa-and-his-asherah/

-Endnote 3:

https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/endnote/endnote-3-santa-and-his-asherah/

Albright (1925):

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/370057

Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 77):

https://books.google.com/books?id=gY1AAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Ghebers+of+Hebron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWl8TH9LeEAxUWElkFHXCUBRQQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=snippet&q=Bel%20Kronos&f=false

Harwood (2017) (P. 43):

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Protestant_Bible_Correctly_Translate.html?id=FLotDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US#v=onepage&q&f=false

Hommel (1897) (P. 63). 

https://books.google.com/books?id=l6o2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=professor+hommel+ancient+hebrew+tradition&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5zszthrGFAxVOFlkFHSQeApgQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20&f=false

Farbridge (1923) (P. 200):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QATXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA200&dq=nannar+the+bull+of+anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2warA-eGHAxWBFmIAHQkHDtsQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=nannar%20the%20bull%20of%20anu&f=false

Johns (1909; in Sweet, 1909) (P. 51):

https://books.google.com/books?id=2h6iJ9HUws4C&pg=PA51&dq=ehyeh+ea+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWga3WgceKAxUCF1kFHa87BtQ4MhDoAXoECAoQAg#v=onepage&q=ehyeh%20ea%20god&f=false

Pinches (1910; in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology) (Vol. 32 pp. 67-68):

https://books.google.com/books?id=SwsaAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA68&dq=dingir+star+iau&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_55L6pseKAxUiEFkFHSPWDd0Q6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=dingir%20star%20iau&f=false

Livingstone (1986) (P. 31):

3.) Adad-Samas-Nusku (Bel-Samas-Nusku):
Baal statue (AO 11598) (Louvre Collections, Figurine: AO 11598):

I mentioned Adad above, but now it's time to take a closer look at this deity. The name "Hadad" is a personal name for people in the Tanakh (Ex.: 2 Kings 11:14), and the name "Hadad-Rimmon" is present as a deity being weeped for in Megiddo (Zechariah 12:11). Megiddo is in the Jezreel Valley of northern Israel (Bible Hub, Strong’s Hebrew. 4023. Mgiddown [Megiddo], Topical Lexicon: Context) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Megiddo, para. 1). 

The god "Adad" was the "weather god of Babylon and Assyrian pantheon." Adad, also called Hadad and Ishkur, was also called Baal (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adad, para. 1) (Fant and Reddish, 2008, pp. 81-82) (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 and 2021 editions], pp. 13 and 168). He is the son of El, or Dagon (Caquot and Sznycer, 1980, p. 12). We know that Elum and Dagon were the names Enlil on the An = Anum list, so Adad was the son of Enlil. Adad was probably an Amorite god that was "brought into Mesopotamia toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC." His sacred animals are "The bull and the lion," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adad). Adad has been equated to Enlil (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2020 edition], p. 168). Baal Adad/Hadad was "possibly the same as Bel (Enlil), Ea, Hadad, Ishkur, Jashar, Marduk, Riummon, Yahveh, and Zeus." Adad was also called "Ilhallubu (Babylonian), Ilumarru (Akkadian), Iluwir," among other names (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 and 2021 editions], pp. 13 and 168). Statues of Baal represent him as a "youthful" deity, standing up in a "smiting god" pose, with his right arm raised carrying a weapon. This is from Egyptian inspiration, along with the conical hat (The Met Museum, Enthroned deity, para. 2). Baal's right hand also released lightning (Fant and Reddish, 2008, p. 81). There are two representations of Baal, from Fant and Reddish (2008), that showcase this pose. The first is a limestone stela catalogued as AO 15775 (15th-13th century BC), and a statuette catalogued as AO 11598 (pp. 81-83). The limestone stela of Baal looks very similar to the bull spirit/demon stone figure from Sargon 2nd's palace. Baal has a "conical headdress with two horns protruding from the front," and a "dagger stuck to his waistband" (p. 81). The Cultic stele (9th-8th century B.C.) in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, which might've been the god Hadad, also has "a sword" (or  dagger) on its waist (Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Explore the Collection, Cultic stele):
Baal limestone stela AO 15775 (Fant and Reddish, 2008, p. 82 Figure 22):
Baal figure AO 11598 (Fant and Reddish, 2008, p. 83 Figure 23):
I think the Cultic stele figure was actually Adad, especially with the dagger at its waist.

Fant and Reddish (2008) said that "some of" El's and Baal's "descriptions or epithets" have been used for Yahweh (Ieue) (p. 87). Hadad was also called Addu, and Seth. Both Hadad, Yahweh, and El, used the bull as their symbol. This represent solar power and the storm. In Southern Arabia, El's name was used instead of Baal's (Smith, 1927, Vol. 1, pp. 532-533). Caquot and Sznycer (1980) said that Baal Hadad has been stated as a "'bull-calf', with thin horns and a narrow beard," (p. 12). Ieue was also represented as a calf. In Samaria, the capitol of Israel, a pot shard had the name "Egaliah ('bull-calf of Yah')" on it (Callahan, 2002, p. 17) (Middlemas, 1971 [2015 edition], p. 64). This pot shard seems to be called "Samaria ostracon 41,"(Middlemas, 1971 [2015 edition], p. 64). In general, Ieue was represented as the bull/bull calf in the Bible (pp. 64-65). Ieue (Ea) was the bull calf, just like Adad was. Ea was stated as being the bull as well, as stated previously. 

Aside from both deities being the bull/bull calf, Adad and Ea/Ieue seem to have been the same god. As stated before, both Ieue and Qos were equated, or even epithets, of Adad. Ea and Adad were twin brothers (Frayne and Stuckey, 2021, p. 91) (Blenkowski and Millard, 2000, p. 97) (University of Pennsylvania, 
ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea [god], Ea’s creatures: Divine Genealogy and Syncretism, para. 1). The name "Jav, Yav, or Vul," was the god "Rimmon, Raman," the god of wind (Smith, 1884, p. 187). Yav is another spelling of Iu, and is also the gods Dyaus/Jove and Iao/Yao (pp. 210-211 note 1). Rimmon and Ramman were Adad/Hadad (Falkener, 1882; in Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. 7 p. 286 note 2) (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 13) (Pinches, 1896, p. 13). As stated earlier, the name "Ieu" could be on the 4th-century Philistia-Gaza coin. In Israel, the spelling of the name is "Yw" (Yv). This is seen in Kuntillet 'Ajrud of Israel (Fleming, 2021, p. 164). Yw (Yv) would come out as "Iu." Ea was the god of the subterranean waters (Frayne and Stuckey, 2021, p. 91) (Blenkowski and Millard, 2000, p. 97). One of Adad's earlier personas, the Hattian god named Taru, was the god of subterranean waters. He was also represented by "serpents and fish," (Amzallag, 2023, p. 53). In general, Taru and other Hattian gods "were terrestrial and subterranean" water gods, and "bear a greater resemblance to Enki/Ea, the Sumerian/Semitic god of fresh water." Taru also seems to have lived in "the springs of the earth," from which he "was called out of" in a Hattian text (Green, 2003, pp. 144 and 149). Ea was also represented by the fish and serpent, as stated above. 

The Hattian god Taru later became equated with the Hittite storm god Tarhuna, and the Anatolians equated Tarhuna with their god Baal-Haddu (Adad). Curiously, when Taru was equated with Baal-Haddu, the serpent became the storm god's enemy (Amzallag, 2023, p. 53). Reminds me of the animosity between Ieue and the serpent/snake in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:13-15). However, the serpent remained a weapon, and symbol, of Ieue too (Numbers 21:6-9). Tarhuna seems to be Tarhunt in Luwian, and another name of Taru is Teshub in Hurrian (Bryce, 2004, Chapter 8: The Gods: the Storm God [p. 2]). According to Mackenzie (1907), Tark or Tarku (Taru), also called Ramman, was the Hittite god. The Hittite god was also called "Pappas or Attis ('father')." He was also the "Egyptian Sutekh," and Baal. Ramman was introduced into the Babylonian pantheon when the Hittites took over (p. 259). Sutekh was the god of the Hyksos. The Hittite god was also called "Hadad or Dad in Syria and Teshub (or Teshup) in Mitanni," (p. 261). Sutekh/Setekh is the Egyptian god Seth (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Seth) (Shoham, 2011, p. 267).

The best evidence for a syncretism between Ea and Adad comes from Lambert and Winters (2023). These authors translated several god lists from all over the Middle East, including An = Anum. On one of these lists, the Enki = Ea sa kullati name list, two of the names of Ea equate him to Adad. These names are we-er (or Wer), and Sir.Sig (or Sirsig). In fact, Ea is called we-er twice on the list (in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 266, 268, 270, and 586). Adad, or IM, is also called we-er and Sir.Sig on the Ansar = Anum list (pp. 270, 312, 314, and 518). Other names of Adad/IM are Dadu, Tesub, Ramimu (Ramman and Rimmon?), and I-lu-we-er (Iluwer) (pp. 312, 314, and 518). This seems to be Iluwir, as mentioned above. Rather than just being "twin brothers," Ea and Adad were the same god! 


According to Teixidor (1977 [2015 edition]), Poseidon was called El-Creator-of-the-Earth, Ea ("a-a-s"), El, and Baal Saphon (pp. 42-43). Albright (1994) said that "the principal form of Baal at Ugarit was Baal-saphon," and that he reigned on Mount Saphon while also having "a palace or temple in heaven." Baal Saphon "was the marine storm-god par excellence, like Greek Poseidon." Baal Saphon was the "Lord of the North," and "lord of the northern storms," (p. 127). Baal Saphon was also Baal Adad, and Adad "lived on Mount Sapon (Zaphon, Saphon)," (Sibley, 2009, p. 45). Baal Adad was called Baal Hadad in Ugarit, and Hadad lived on Mount Saphon (Ford, 2016, p. 190). Miller and Brandon (2014) said that Baal Adad/Hadad was the god of Mount Saphon, and was equated to Zeus (pp. 16 and 18). Rev. McClatchie (1876) said that Adad was Zeus/Jupiter, according to Macrobius (in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, 1876, Vol. 7 p. 3). According to Dowden (2006), Adad/Hadad was called "Zeus Adados" in Greece. "The Syrian Zeus-Adad" was worshipped in "Hierapolis (Bambyce)," (p. 107). Although Baal and Zeus were originally one god, they were split into different personas. According to Professor Muller, this was due to "the influence of local worship," (Rev. McClatchie, 1876; in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, 1876, Vol. 7 p. 3). In Egypt, the Hyksos equated Seth with Baal, particularly Baal Saphon (Seters, 1966, PP. 171-172, 174-175). Adad also had the trident (Amzallag, 2023, pp. 53-54), which was the "weapon and main symbol" of Poseidon (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Poseidon, para. 1).

Zeus statue from Staatiliche Museen zu Berlin (5th century B.C.) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Zeus):
Zeus is also shown in this "smiting god" pose too, and how fitting is it to know that Zeus is Adad as well.  

Adad with the trident (Amzallag, 2023, p. 54 Figure 1.140):
Poseidon statue (2nd century, B.C.) from the National Archeological Museum in Athens, Greece (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Poseidon):
Zeus also carried the trident. This can be seen on 3rd-century B.C. Malaysian tetradrachim coin depicting Zeus Osogollis with the trident and eagle (Williamson, 2021, Figure 3.15E): 
Zeus's thunderbolt also had either one-prong, or three prongs (Louise, 2017, Figure 3):
This is reminiscent of Poseidon's trident. Also, Adad had the three-pronged thunderbolt as well (Sibley, 2009, p. 48 Figure 5.4):
Both Poseidon and Zeus were Adad, and they had his weapons.

Along with Baal Saphon, other names for Adad are "Baal Shamayin or Baal Shamen [or Baal of Heaven]," "Baal of Peor, Baal of Ugarit, Baal of Lebanon, and Baal of Sidon," were "local epithets of Hadad." Baal Malage was also Baal Shamayin (Sommer, 2009, p. 24). As noted before, Shamayin is Uranus and Saphon is Poseidon. This would make Adad-Zeus, Uranus, and Poseidon the same god. Brocklesby (1706) said that Adad was the sun, Saturn, Heaven, and Uranus. He also seems to have been equated to "Chemosh and Baal-peor, the Egyptians Osiris and Jupiter-Ammon," (p. 109). Adad was both Uranus, Cronus, and Poseidon/Zeus. This means that Adad was Molech as well. This was stated in Brocklesby as well, and matches Adad in being the bull calf. 

Hadad's/Adad's cult seems to have been imported into the Canaanite pantheon by the Amorites in the 3rd millennium B.C. (Oldenburg, 1969, pp. 99-100) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adad, para. 1). According to Binger (1997), El ('l/Enlil) was Zeus in Ugarit "before Baal arrives." The Baal in question is Hadad (Adad)  (p. 78). Sibley (2009) said that the "Ammorite settlers [...] called him Addu or Dadu." The Amorites also "brought him to Babylonia, where he merged with the native thunder god Ramman/Rimmon," (p. 45). Bottero (1992) said that the Amorites, also called Amurru, "were called Martu in Sumerian" and "The language that they used, Amorite, which was related to Canaanite, was replaced by Akkadian." The Amorites/Amurri were a group of "seminomadic Semitic tribes who entered Mesopotamia, individually or by groups, in order to settle there, starting from the third millennium," (p. 288). Martu is also the name of a deity. On the An = Anum list, Martu is a name for the god Sakkan. Another name for Sakkan is kur-gal (or Kurgal). Kurgal is a name for Enlil as well (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 78 and 250). Another name for Sakkan is sar-sar (p. 250). Sar-sar is another name for Ea (p. 114). Sar-sar is "identical with Amurru," (p. 261). Amurru also seems to have been a deity, and he was also Martu and Kurgal (pp. 260-261). One of Martu's names is Sah (p. 222). Sah is also a name for Nergal (p. 353). Frayne and Stuckey (2021) said that said that Amurru was the "divine personification of the Amorites," (p. 18). Toorn (1999) said that Amurru was "the personification of the Amorites," (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 32).

The scholar Cross said that Amurru was called "bel sade" (Bel Sheday), and "Ilu-Amurru." Amurru's consort was the goddess Asratum, who is Asherah. Asherah is El's consort. This leads Cross to conclude that Amurru was "the Amorite El," (Day, 2000 [2010 edition], p. 33). Toorn (1999) acknowledges that numerous scholars said that Amurru was called Bel Sade (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 32). Binger (1997) said that Amurru was "associated-or even identified with-Adad sa abube, Adad of the flood." Amurru is also Martu and Kurgal, and he has "'traits in common with the West-Semitic Baal, and possibly also a moon-god.'" This is on the tablet KML, I.31. The moon god in question seems to be Sin, who might even have been Amurru himself. Amurru was probably "the god of the scribes." Amurru was the consort of Asratum, and also Ishtar (p. 48; note 29). Some of the goddesses could be the same indvidual (pp. 48-49). Toorn (1999) said that on "one of the younger god lists identifies Amurru as 'Adad of the inundation' (Iskur sa a-du-be, CT 24 pl. 40:48)," (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 32).  This seems to be where "Adad sa abube" came from that was mentioned in Binger (1997). Feliu (2003) said that Dagan was Kurgal (p. 171). Frayne and Stuckey (2021) said that Kurgal is Dagan (p. 172). We know that Dagan was Enlil on the An = Anum list. Geller (1997) said that Martu and Iskur had the epithet "dumu-an-na" (p. 103). Coulter and Turner (2000) said that Martu and Kurgal were Adad (Adad [A] and Adad [B]). Frayne and Stuckey (2021) said that Amurru/Martu was "Sometimes identified with Adad," (p. 18). Adad-Enlil-Ea-Nergal was the god of the Amorites/Amurru/Martu! 

As mentioned beforehand, Adad was called Bel Sade by the Amorites as Amurru. Bel Sade is another version of El Sheday ('l Shdi). There's ample evidence to support this too. The root word for Sheday is shadad (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7706. Shadday). Shadad (or shedad?), spelled shdd, means "destroyer" primarily but it has other negative definitions that are all associated with violence (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7703. shadad). Adad was the "destroyer" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adad, para. 2). On the Sefire stelae, Hadad was the "destroyer and conquerer" (Fitzmyer, 1961, p. 185). Dunlap (1858) said that "Shaddai," "Shadad," and "Shadid (Hadad)" were the same and names for the sun (p. 70). Forlong (1897) said that Shadad is a form of Hadad (p. 360). El Sheday/Bel Sade and Adad are the same god, which fits with Adad and Enlil being the same god. They weren't just father and son. I believe Adad became a "son" of Enlil because the Amorites imported Adad into Enlil's religion.


Qos-Dushara statue (The Met Museum, Cult statute of Qos-Dushara):

Qos was, according to Kelley (2009), "The national Edmonite deity." The Shasu nomads, whom we will discuss later on, probably knew about Qos (pp. 256-257). However, the Edomites and Judahites definitely knew about Qos ever since the 7th-6th centuries B.C. (p. 258). The Nabateans also worshipped him, and he was probably the god of the Nabateans called Dushara (pp. 259-260). Qos was a storm god represented by the bow, and he and Yahweh (Ieue) were "probably a local manifestation" of "Hadad (Adad)," (pp. 260-261). There also seems to be a connection between Ieue and Qos. Ieue was said to have "came from Edom," and his mountain, Sinai, is probably in Edom too "or possibly northwestern Arabia," (p. 261). Qos isn't even mentioned in the Bible, which suggests that the writers knew that Ieue was the god of the Edomites (pp. 255, 265-269, and 274). Ieue also used a bow, albeit this stems from late Biblical books like Habakkuk (p. 266). Knauf (1999) said that Qos was "the national deity of Edom." Yahweh and Qos were probably the same deity, since Qos isn't mentioned as the god of the Edomites. In fact, Yahweh came from Edom. The phrase "Yahweh of Teman" helps to link Yahweh to Edom, since Teman is "northern Edom." Finally, "Yahweh, Qos, and Dushara, are primarily epithets" for "Haddu/Hadad," like Baal was (in Toorn et al., 1999, pp. 674 and 677). As to what Qos looked like, Teixidor (1977) said that he was represented as "seated on a throne flanked by bulls and holding in his left hand a multi-branched thunderbolt, the symbol of the lord of rain." This is in Khirbet Tannur. In Bostra, eagles were offered up to him. The eagle, bulls, and thunderbolt, equate Qos as "a weather god." Once again, Qos is also equated to the bow and possibly even the rainbow. Finally, Qos was equated to Zeus (pp. 90-91). Ea/Ieue was not only the god of the Jews, but also the Edomites. This also equates Ea to Zeus once again. The Met Museum has a statue of "Qos-Dushara" from Khirbet Tannur. Seems that Qos was equated to Dushara after all. This is dated from the first-second centuries (A.D.) (The Met Museum, Cult statute of Qos-Dushara).

To my surprise, Adad had sons. The reason I'm so surprised is because I haven't come across any sources saying that Adad had any. In the Hittite religion, Teshub had a son named Telepinus. He seems to have been equated to Marduk (Coulter and Turner, 2000, Marduk and Telepinus). Telepinus/Telepinu was "Teshub's firstborn son." His second son was called "Sharruma, who had a human head on a bull's body," (Sibley, 2009, pp. 48-49). If Adad's first son, Telepinus, was Marduk, then this is additional support for equating Adad to Ea/Ieue.

Shamash and humans from The Sun God Tablet (British Museum, Tablet [The Sun God Tablet]):
On the An = Anum list, Samas and Adad are equated as being the same god as "Samas u Adad," (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 147). They were also equated under the name "Shamshi-Adad" (Smith, 1927, Vol. 1, pp. 532-533). Both Adad and Samas were equated to the number 10 (Rollig, 1971, p. 499 [German]) (Parpola, 1993, p. 182 note 87) (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 246, 326, 383, and 526). Samas, also spelled as Shamas (Ridpaph, 1890, Vol. 1 p. 135 note 1) or Shamash and Utu (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Shamash), was the sun god represented by "the circle," and the "lord of daylight." The "circle" seems to have been "a disk that symbolized the sun." Inside the disk is a four-pointed star on top of a wavy "x." Interestingly, Samas was called Adrammelech (Ridpaph, 1890, Vol. 1 p. 135) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Shamash, para. 1 and 3) (British Museum, Tablet [The Sun God Tablet], Description). It seems that Samas was Molech as well. Being "the solar deity," Shamash exorcised "light over darkness and evil." He is also credited with giving the "Babylonian king Hammurabi" laws (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Shamash, para. 2). This fits with Shamash being "the god of justice but also governor of the whole universe." Shamash made up a trinity comprised of Sin/Nanna, and Ishtar/Inanna (para. 1). 

Taylor (1993) said that solar worship was conducted by the Israelites (Synopsis; Ch. 1, Introduction, p. 19). Archaeological evidence includes sun emblems with "lmlk" on Judean jar handles. The emblems are a sun disk with two wings, and a "four-winged scarab." In the Tanakh, Ieue is called "semes," which means "sun." This is in Psalm 84 (p. 20). Taylor believes that there is a close relationship between Ieue and the sun, even so that Ieue might even have been the sun itself (p. 22). Fontanille et al., (2023) shows one of the Judean jar handles with "lmlk" on it. It dates to the "late eighth century BCE." The double winged disk "probably represented Yahweh as the patron god of the ruling dynasty." Judah "was subject to the Assyrian empire," so the Assyrians were more-than-likely the source of the winged disk (p. 138).

Judean jar handle depicting Ieue as a winged solar disk with "lmlk" inscribed on it (8th century B.C.) (Fontanille et al., 2023, p. 138 Figure 4.9):
Psalm 84:11 states that "the LORD God is a sun and a shield." Massey (1907) said that IHUH (Ieue) was a solar god (Vol. 1 p. 499). Semes is equated to the word Samas, and they both mean "the sun," (Rev. Lias, 1912; in The Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, Vol. XLIV [44] p. 307). The Hebrew spelling of the name "Shamas" is "Shemesh" (Robertson, 1917, p. 249). In the interlinear translation of Psalm 84:11, the Jewish name for sun is "semes" (shmsh; pronounced "sh-m-sh") and Ieue Elohim is equated to it:
Semes is also spelled "shemesh," and it is the sun (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 8121. shemesh, Strong's Concordance):
The best supporting evidence for Ea being Samas comes from tablet 3 of the An = Anum list (Lambert and Winters translation). The god IDIM is equated to Ea, Samas, and IM (Adad) (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 466-467, and 689). Ea is also equated to IDIM on the tablet YBC 2401 (p. 357). As stated before, Ea was equated to the  sun before. This supports Ea being Samas-Adad, and the sun god.

According to Professor Hommel, Ea is equated to Sin "'in the Journey of Ishtar to Hades'." Ea-Sin is the father of Shamash in the story. The names of Sin and Ea "'are interchangeable terms'," (Margoliouth, 1868; in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74 p. 585) (Hommel, 1897, p. 65). Hommel also said that "Merodack (Marduk), the Morning Sun, was the son of Ea; here Samas, the Sun, is the son of Sin." Ishtar is the daughter of Ea and Sin, and the sister-wife of Marduk (pp. 65-66). In other words, Marduk-Samas is weeping for his sister-wife Ishtar with his father Ea-Sin. Both Marduk, and Adad, were equated to Zeus as well. Finally, Bel Marduk was equated to the number 10 on the reverse side of the tablet K 170 + Rm 520 (Livingstone, 1986, p. 31): 
Both Adad and Samas were equated to the number 10 as well. All of this makes Adad-Samas, and Marduk, the same god.  

Shamash was equated to Saturn (Talbott, 1980, pp. 33 and 45). Both Shamash, Tammuz, and El, are positioned "within the mouth of," or "'at the sources of'," two rivers (p. 210). Yahavah (Ea) was the same. Interestingly, in the Codex Bobiensis, a third-to-fifth-century A.D. copy of the Gospel of Mark, Jesus called out to the god Helios (and "'Helion' [god of the sun]") while on the cross (Moss, 2020, para. 1-3). The god "Jove (Zeus)" was also used in the codex as well (para. 4). Helios was "the sun god, sometimes called a Titan," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Helios, para. 1). "Helios (or Sol, or Shamash)," was equated to Yahweh (Novenson, 2020; in Novenson, 2020, p. 46). Zeus has also been equated to Helios, as "Zeus Helios," whose religion was widespread "in the Orient," (Stone, 2001 [2022 edition], Vol. 2 p. 127). Sol is the Roman sun god that was equated to Helios (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sol, para. 1). Dunlap (1894) said that El was "Hael (Hel), the Greek Aelios and Helios," (p. 5). He was also Bel/Belitan, "the Old Bel," and was Kronos in Greece and Saturn in Rome. Bel/Belitan "must have originally been the Sun-god of the Semites for, in the priestly doctrines, he was held to be Sol and Saturn also," (pp. 208-209). El was also "Elios, Helios, and Iahoh," (p. 262 note 2). Parsons (1895) said that there was no "H" in front of the name Elios originally in Greek (pp. 88). He also said that El "was an appellation of the Sun-God," (pp. 87 and 127). The gods Iao, Bacchus, and "Elios (Helios)," and the sun, were all equated (p. 127). de Jassy (1908) said that El/Elu was Helios and Sol (in Carus, 1908, Vol. 18 pp. 130-131). Adad-Samas, Enlil, and Saturn, are the same god. This makes sense since Enlil, and Marduk, were the same god as well.

The gods Nusku and Gibil (or Girru) were equated to the number 10, like Samas-Adad (Rollig, 1971, p. 499 [German]) (Parpola, 1993, p. 182 note 87) (Toorn, 1999; in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842) (Livingstone, 1986, p. 32). Both gods were equated under the name "dGibil dNusku," (Livingstone, 1986, p. 32). Nusku, Gibil, Marduk, Samas, and Adad, are all the same god. 

All of these deities would be equated to the Archangels Sachiel (Jupiter) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols), and Michael (the sun) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Michael-Angelic and Planetary Symbols).

Links:

2 Kings 11:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/11.htm

Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 4023. Mgiddown (Megiddo). Topical Lexicon: Context:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/4023.htm

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Megiddo:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Megiddo

Louvre Collections. Figurines: AO 11598:

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010136311

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Adad: 

Fant and Reddish (2008):

https://books.google.com/books?id=Dj6zVQJz7zYC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=baal+figurine&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Coulter and Turner (2000): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=VWxekbhM1yEC&pg=PP26&dq=martu+iskur+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU6ce5v82PAxXHFVkFHTmrBgkQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=martu%20iskur%20god&f=false

-2013 edition (PP. 13, 43, 87, and 168):

https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA95&dq=marduk+bel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDisSt3oP7AhXaM1kFHZY6CakQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=snippet&q=Adad&f=false

-2020 edition (P. 168):

https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=US&focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&q&f=false
-2021 edition (P. 348):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QEJUEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Deities%0D%0ABy+Charles+Russell+Coulter,+Patricia+Turner+ningirsu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwuaSqnKeGAxU3yxQJHQS_CgEQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Encyclopedia%20of%20Ancient%20Deities%20%20By%20Charles%20Russell%20Coulter%2C%20Patricia%20Turner%20ningirsu&f=false

The Met Museum. Enthroned deity:

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/322889

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus

Smith (1927) (Vol. 1) (PP. 532-533):

https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQV5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA533&dq=Baal+Hadad+sun+god&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYq76W8Yv9AhWAMlkFHUebAXQ4HhDoAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Hadad%20sun%20god&f=false

Teixidor (1977 [2015 edition]) (PP. 42-43):

https://books.google.com/books?id=m5Z9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&dq=Karatepe+inscription+el+lord+of+earth+Ea&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh8fHE8qKFAxWLE1kFHb6VCmsQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=Karatepe%20inscription%20el%20lord%20of%20earth%20Ea&f=false

Albright (1994) (P. 127):

https://books.google.com/books?id=qa2AMXzHUAwC&pg=PA127&dq=Poseidon+Baal+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmhe7a3LWFAxWtK1kFHXZ8D1EQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Poseidon%20Baal%20saphon&f=false

Sibley (2009) (P. 45):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-n_7HqapeggC&pg=PA45&dq=Ishkur+lightning+fork&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4vrvrlvWEAxWxrokEHWcSBes4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=Ishkur%20lightning%20fork&f=false

Ford (2016) (P. 190):

https://books.google.com/books?id=Cou0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA190&dq=Baal+Adad+Mount+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkmuuA2LWFAxUFKFkFHWvCACQQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20Mount%20saphon&f=false

Miller and Brandon (2014) (PP. 16 and 18):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rJVmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=Baal+Adad+Mount+saphon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkmuuA2LWFAxUFKFkFHWvCACQQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20Mount%20saphon&f=false

Litke (1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3) (P. 147):

https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBC%203%2C%201998.pdf

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Shamash:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shamash

British Museum. Tablet (The Sun God Tablet):

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-34-a

Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):

https://dokumen.pub/reallexikon-der-assyriologie-und-vorderasiatischen-archologie-rla-3-311003705x.html

-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EBkEGAOlCDsC&pg=PA3&dq=Rollig+Ea+Anu+40+50+60&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjOxbDd3LqFAxUlMlkFHYkRDJYQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Rollig%20Ea%20Anu%2040%2050%2060&f=false

Parpola (1993):

https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater

Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 842):

Taylor (1993):

https://books.google.com/books?id=zYCxAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=YHWH+sun+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4j_nWwbyBAxXbKlkFHdJUAWMQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false
Psalm 84:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/84.htm

Psalm 84:11 (Interlinear):

https://biblehub.com/interlinear/psalms/84-11.htm

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 8121. shemesh:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8121.htm

Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false

Rev. Lias (1912; in The Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, Vol. XLIV [44]) (P. 307):

https://books.google.com/books?id=Ass_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307&dq=semes+samas+sun+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdrd3A0p-HAxV_FlkFHWRLB6YQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=semes%20samas%20sun%20god&f=false

Robertson (1917) (P. 249):

https://books.google.com/books?id=TO7YAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA249&dq=semes+samas+sun+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdrd3A0p-HAxV_FlkFHWRLB6YQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=semes%20samas%20sun%20god&f=false

Sommer (2009) (P. 24):

https://books.google.com/books?id=IEYhAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Shamayin+hadad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnktiT_tSEAxUREVkFHTWEAfE4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=Shamayin%20hadad&f=false

Margoliouth (1868; in The Contemporary Review) (Vol. 74) (PP. 581-592):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xjgeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585&dq=Ea+An+same+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI2aPym5OFAxVjFFkFHX7JCEMQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20An%20same%20god&f=false

Hommel (1897) (PP. 65-66):

https://books.google.com/books?id=l6o2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=professor+hommel+ancient+hebrew+tradition&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5zszthrGFAxVOFlkFHSQeApgQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20&f=false

Novenson (2020; in Novenson, 2020) (P. 46):

https://books.google.com/books?id=pF75DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=helios+shamash+sol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd05Hf0OiHAxXUEFkFHdk_EGoQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=helios%20shamash%20sol&f=false

Stone (2001 [2022 edition]) (Vol. 2 p. 127):

https://books.google.com/books?id=iamgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA747&dq=helios+shamash&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizhZ61zuiHAxUeElkFHYdBCOQQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=helios%20shamash&f=false

Dunlap (1894) (PP. 5, 208-209):

https://books.google.com/books?id=gY1AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA75&dq=asherah+venus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKu4GusNqHAxUvlIkEHZ3REJYQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=asherah%20venus&f=false

Parsons (1895):

https://books.google.com/books?id=_7c4AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Our+Sun+God%0AChristianity+Before+Christ%0ABy+John+Denham+Parsons&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGodW42dKHAxWrFlkFHXbtKUUQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Elioun%20Adonis&f=false

-V2:

https://books.google.com/books?id=fKm5tQEACAAJ&dq=the+saturn+myth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji-q-xjpaFAxXYMVkFHTAWDhgQ6AF6BAgFEAE

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Helios: 

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Helios-Greek-god

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sol: 

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sol-Roman-god

de Jassy (1908; in Carus, 1908, Vol. 18 pp. 130-131):

https://books.google.com/books?id=CqsLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA131&dq=Helios+El+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR28Pk36yGAxUVMlkFHYkzAZsQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Helios%20El%20god&f=false

Brocklesby (1706) (P. 109): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=PVhdWjLoTDYC&pg=PA109&dq=Baal+Adad+planet+Jupiter&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcj6THpPWHAxXcMVkFHatTGzsQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20planet%20Jupiter&f=false

Rev. McClatchie (1876; in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, 1876, Vol. 7 p. 3):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8DRBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=Baal+Adad+planet+Jupiter&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwig0PbaqfWHAxU2v4kEHTW7M_kQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20planet%20Jupiter&f=false

Dowden (2006) (P. 107):

https://books.google.com/books?id=vRXaY0MZgqEC&pg=PA107&dq=Baal+Adad+planet+Jupiter&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcj6THpPWHAxXcMVkFHatTGzsQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Baal%20Adad%20planet%20Jupiter&f=false

Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Explore the Collection. Cultic stele:

https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/371435-0

Seters (1966) (PP. 171-172, 174-175, and 178): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=F0T7DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=What+gods+did+the+Hyksos+worship?&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj62JWq-r2JAxU0EFkFHahmADMQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=What%20gods%20did%20the%20Hyksos%20worship%3F&f=false
-V2:

https://archive.org/details/hyksosnewinvesti0000vans/page/172/mode/2up?q=seth&view=theater

Callahan (2002):

https://nomorebiggov.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/secret-orgin-of-the-bible.pdf

Middlemas (1971 [2015 edition]) (PP. 64-65):

https://books.google.com/books?id=R_fxa16cBHgC&pg=PA64&dq=gods+associated+with+the+bull+calf&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP3aLW2ZmKAxUAF1kFHemoJ-E4FBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=gods%20associated%20with%20the%20bull%20calf&f=false

Frayne and Stuckey (2021) (P. 91):

https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMcEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+Handbook+of+Gods+and+Goddesses+of+the+Ancient+Near+East:+Three+Thousand+...+By+Douglas+R.+Frayne,+Johanna+H.+Stuckey+Enki&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKi53CkKiKAxVCGVkFHdEvBdUQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=A%20Handbook%20of%20Gods%20and%20Goddesses%20of%20the%20Ancient%20Near%20East%3A%20Three%20Thousand%20...%20By%20Douglas%20R.%20Frayne%2C%20Johanna%20H.%20Stuckey%20Enki&f=false

Blenkowski and Millard (2000) (P. 97):

https://books.google.com/books?id=KdlhaAfK1sYC&pg=PA97&dq=Ea+god+e-ia-an&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiE28Hu5uKJAxXqD1kFHZCOA9U4FBDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=Ea%20god%20e-ia-an&f=false

Smith (1884) (PP. 187, and 210-211):

https://books.google.com/books?id=us3Y7a9AhOYC&pg=PA187&dq=shamash+vul+same+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMsa-B_9WCAxXSEFkFHc5UBvY4ChDoAXoECAcQAw#v=snippet&q=Yav&f=false

Falkener (1882; in Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. 7 p. 286 note 2):
https://books.google.com/books?id=nz5miea7QK4C&pg=PA286&dq=rimmon+hadad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlwPSdlaiKAxVfF1kFHeBDNiIQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=rimmon%20hadad&f=false

Fleming (2021) (P. 164): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=VJcJEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Yahweh+Before+Israel+Glimpses+of+History+in+a+Divine+Name+Kuntillet+Ajrud&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj78e2ws5uKAxVEw_ACHe8OPTAQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Yahweh%20Before%20Israel%20Glimpses%20of%20History%20in%20a%20Divine%20Name%20Kuntillet%20Ajrud&f=false

Amzallag (2023) (P. 53):

https://books.google.com/books?id=j4y4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53&dq=seth+trident+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiR4oup4q6JAxWlEVkFHbjvG6sQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=seth%20trident%20god&f=false

Green (2003) (PP. 144 and 149): 

https://books.google.com/books?id=UeYfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA144&dq=Taru+god+of+subterranean+waters&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwixnuuVia-JAxVKFFkFHaekH1UQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Taru%20god%20of%20subterranean%20waters&f=false

Pinches (1896) (P. 13):

https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jtvi/1894_001.pdf

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Poseidon:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poseidon

Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP.  266, 268, 270, 518, and 586):

https://dokumen.pub/an-anum-and-related-lists-god-lists-of-ancient-mesopotamia-orientalische-religionen-in-der-antike-1-9783161613821-9783161613838-3161613821.html

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea (god):

https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enki/index.html

Bryce (2004) (Chapter 8: The Gods: the Storm God [p. 2]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=_4NSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144&dq=Taru+tarhunt+god%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi854GF5q-JAxUHFFkFHR5MAtwQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Taru%20tarhunt%20god%C2%A0&f=false

Mackenzie (1907) (PP. 259 and 261):

https://sacred-texts.com/egy/eml/eml31.htm

Livingstone (1986) (P. 31):

https://books.google.com/books?id=duL-Y6Un0rsC&pg=PA191&dq=Lugaldukuga+Alala+Ea&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkqf-16eGKAxVRq4kEHZy1A9EQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Lugaldukuga%20Alala%20Ea&f=false

-V2:

https://archive.org/details/mysticalmytholog0000livi/page/201/mode/1up?q=O+175

-V3:

https://archive.org/details/mysticalmytholog0000livi/page/31/mode/1up?q=Ea+Enki

Genesis 3:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/3.htm

Numbers 21:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/21.htm

Fontanille et al., (2023) (P. 138):

https://books.google.com/books?id=QOrxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA136&dq=Zeus+Iao&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivyMufodaKAxWsj4kEHeGGMSQ4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Iao&f=false

Archangels and Angels. Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:

http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_sachiel.html

Williamson (2021):

https://brill.com/display/book/9789004461277/BP000013.xml

-Figure 3.15A-E (Dates given):

https://images.app.goo.gl/hJiS4FHZSz5tPMhx6
Louise (2017):

https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-ancient-technology/vajra-ancient-weapon-war-008467

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Seth:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seth-Egyptian-god
Oldenburg (1969) (PP. 99-100):

https://books.google.com/books?id=hM8UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100&dq=hadad+imported+into+canaanite+pantheon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib4sjG0qGPAxWGF1kFHVk9HUQQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=hadad%20imported%20into%20canaanite%20pantheon&f=false
-V2:

https://books.google.com/books?id=nXoRAQAAIAAJ&q=hadad+imported+into+canaanite+pantheon&dq=hadad+imported+into+canaanite+pantheon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib4sjG0qGPAxWGF1kFHVk9HUQQ6AF6BAgNEAM
Binger (1997) (P. 78):

https://books.google.com/books?id=jXexAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78&dq=yam+and+poseidon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC-qbg64j8AhVwpnIEHUXvClc4FBDoAXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=yam%20and%20poseidon&f=false
Shoham (2011) (P. 267):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-xorBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA267&dq=El+Seth+hyksos+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwippKGbkqKPAxVhKFkFHeWiFXEQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=El%20Seth%20hyksos%20god&f=false
Bottero (1992) (P. 288):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rygDbL2U5YEC&pg=PA288&dq=Jean+bottero+Ia+god+Canaanite&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWvISw0dCMAxX2g4kEHYfGG5YQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=%20Ia%20god%20Canaanite&f=false

Day (2000 [2010 edition]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=2xadCgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=yahweh+moon+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikqsj8ttyDAxUdD1kFHf_0D0MQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=yahweh%20moon%20god&f=false

Feliu (2003):

https://books.google.com/books?id=5BlREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA171&dq=kurgal+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKoc3sts2PAxV-KVkFHVLFLpcQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=kurgal%20god&f=false

Geller (1997) (P. 103):

https://books.google.com/books?id=4RZTEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=martu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDje3AvM2PAxVsMVkFHX82PQoQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=martu%20god&f=false

Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew: 7706. Shadday:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7706.htm

Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew: 7703. shadad:

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7703.htm

Fitzmyer (1961) (P. 185):

https://dokumen.tips/documents/the-aramaic-inscriptions-of-sefire-i-and-ii.html

-V2:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/595652

Forlong (1897) (P. 360):

https://books.google.com/books?id=rntIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA652&dq=Shadad+Adad+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJ1aT55tONAxWBFVkFHThaJ5oQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Shadad%20&f=false
Dunlap (1858) (P. 70):

https://books.google.com/books?id=MzZdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA70&dq=Hadad+Shadad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNjLm-29SPAxXhD1kFHTsZI4sQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Hadad%20Shadad&f=false

Kelley (2009):

https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/7231/1/toward-new-synthesis-god-edom.pdf

Teixidor (1977):

https://books.google.com/books?id=m5Z9BgAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA90&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=onepage&q&f=false
Knauf (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (PP. 674 and 677):

https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA677&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=onepage&q&f=false

The Met Museum. Cult statute of Qos-Dushara:

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/757640

-Pic:

https://images.app.goo.gl/t86WbzD9BFUu1r2j8


4.) Sin:
The Moon (NASA Science Space Place, All About the Moon):
Sin is "the god of the moon" in the "Mesopotamian religion." His "Sumerian name" is "Nanna." Sin is the father of Shamash-Utu, and sometimes Ishtar-Inanna. Sin originally was represented by the full moon, but then later as the crescent moon. The crescent moon represented "the horns of a great bull," which coincides with Nanna being "intimately connected with the cattle herds that were the livelihood of the people in the marshes of the Euphrates River, where the cult developed." Nanna's cult city was Ur. As for his looks, "Sin was represented as an old man with a flowing beard-a wise an unfathomable god-wearing a headdress of four horns surmounted by a crescent moon," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sin). 

Margoliouth (1868) stated that, despite Ea being a third wheel in his triad, he retained a dominant role in the Sin/Nannar religion. This is because the moon god Sin-Nannar was Ea! Sin was the god of "Uru (Ur of the Chaldees in Chaldea)," and he was called "Nannar (the Glorious)" in "Haran in Northern Mesopotamia," (in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74 pp. 582-584). Sin is also the most "human-looking" god in "Babylonian and Assyrian art," which may harken back to the "man was created in God's own image and likeness" in Genesis (p. 591). Sin's worshippers called him the supreme god, which was an "ancient faith." One hymn called Sin-Nannar the "lord of the hosts of heaven," "Master of the earth... father, begotten of gods and men," among other things (p. 583). According to Professor Hommel, Ea is equated to Sin "'in the Journey of Ishtar to Hades'." Ea-Sin is the father of Samas in the story. The names of Sin and Ea "'are interchangeable terms'," (p. 585) (Hommel, 1897, p. 65). Hommel also said that "Merodack (Marduk), the Morning Sun, was the son of Ea; here Samas, the Sun, is the son of Sin." Ishtar is the daughter of Ea and Sin, and the sister-wife of Marduk (pp. 65-66). In other words, Marduk-Samas is weeping for his sister-wife Ishtar with his father Ea-Sin. Margoliouth also said that Ea, Sin-Nannar, and the god Aa-Ya, are El Elyon and Yahweh (Yahavah) (Margoliouth, 1868; in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74 pp. 586-589).

Albright (1919) said that "Enki is represented as riding in Nannar's boat." He also states that "The waters of Enki are derived from Nannar's reservoir without inconsistency, because Nannar is only a form of Ea, after all," (in Montgomery and Edgerton, 1919, Vol. 30 p. 77). It's been stated before that Ea, being represented by the bull, makes him a moon god. Bois (2010) said that "Enlil and Enki are probably variations of the same god (Ea)" (p. 363 note 370). Bois also says that Enki was '''The Savage Bull of Sky and Earth,'" and Enllil was called "the Wild Ox that destroys through hurricane and flood." Enki, as a result, "must sometimes be a lunar god." The bull was also a symbol of the solar god and the sun (p. 363; note 370). This would make both Enlil and Enki sun gods.


Bois (2010) (P. 363 [Enki as the "Savage Bull"]):

P. 363 note 370 (Enlil and Enki were the same god called Ea; Enllil was "The Wild Ox"):

There also seems to be a relationship between Sin and Sinai. Sinai is the mountain where Yahavah gave Moses the Ten Commandments (Exodus 24:12-18). Knohl (2010) said that in Psalm 68:9, the phrase "'God, he is Sinai,'" is given. He concludes that, along with other examples, "'Sinai' is one of the names of God." Both "'Sin' and 'Sinai' appear in close proximity in the Torah." Sin's city, Haran, is "whence, according to biblical tradition, where the patriarchs originated," (p. 86). This is actually in Psalm 68:8 (NIV, ESV, BSV, and CSV). Natan (2006) quotes Encyclopaedia Britannica, stating that "The name Sinai" is "derived from the original name [...] of the moon-god Sin," (Vol. 1 p. 337). Rev. Sayce (1897) said that "Sinai and Sin alike derived their names from Sin, the moon-god of Babylonia," (p. 188). Hart (2005) said that the Egyptian moon god Iah probably originated from the Hyksos who immigrated into Egypt. They "may well have looked for a lunar deity analogous to the Akkadian moon-god Sin who had an important temple at Haran in north Syria." Sin was described "as a 'young bull... with strong horns' (i.e. the tips of the crescent moon)." An "Egyptian equivalent of the epithet" is probably "Kamose ('the bull is born'),"  (p. 77). 


Farbridge (1923) said that Nannar has been described "as the 'bull of Anu'," (p. 200). An-Anum-Anu is also the name of Sin. Enlil's "attributes, names, etc.," were also given to Sin (Radau, 1904; in Carus, 1904, p. 92 note 4). 


In Psalm 81, the trumpet is blown "at the new moon" on the "feast day" of Israel. It was "a statute for Israel," and "An ordinance of the God of Jacob," (Psalm 81:3-4). The "new moon," or "new moon feast," in mentioned in 1 Samuel 20:5, 18, and 24 (NASB and NIV). Iao is a demon represented by the moon in the Gnostic Phibionite religion (Epiphaneus, Panarion [Williams, 2009 translation], Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 [P. 98]) (Litwa, 2019, p. 32).


Sin has an unusual relationship with the top three deities of Sumer: Anum, Ea, and Enlil. When the moon "progresses through his various stages ('crescent,' 'kidney,' and 'crown'), he assumes the powers or functions of An, Ea, and Enlil (in that order)." This means that Sin is "merely an aspect or manifestation" of those gods (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 32 and 293). On the Shorter An = Anum list, Sin is equated to the "powers" (par-su-su) of Anum, Enlil, and Ea (pp. 276, 293, and 497). 


Sin and Ea are the same god. In fact, Sin is an "aspect or manifestation" of Ea, Enlil, and Anum. This makes Ea the moon god, and the father of Samas and Ishtar. This coincides with Anum being the father of Ishtar, and Zeus being the father of Aphrodite, as stated above. 

Links:

NASA Science Space Place. All About the Moon:
-Photo:

https://images.app.goo.gl/Z22QEhbMwR5XUVwq5

-Website:

https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/all-about-the-moon/en/

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sin: 

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sin-Mesopotamian-god

Margoliouth (1868; in The Contemporary Review) (Vol. 74) (PP. 581-592):

https://books.google.com/books?id=xjgeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585&dq=Ea+An+same+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI2aPym5OFAxVjFFkFHX7JCEMQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20An%20same%20god&f=false

Albright (1919; in Montgomery and Edgerton, 1919) (Vol. 30 p. 77):
https://books.google.com/books?id=FInSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA77&dq=Ningirsu+Enki+Ea&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRhq20l6eGAxUNFFkFHVxHCLMQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Ningirsu%20Enki%20Ea&f=false  

Bois (2010) (P. 363):

https://books.google.com/books?id=pdjz1MUK8JMC&pg=PA363&dq=Enki+the+bull&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNoe_J38WEAxXAEmIAHYvfC8AQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20the%20bull&f=false

Hommel (1897) (PP. 65-66). 

https://books.google.com/books?id=l6o2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=professor+hommel+ancient+hebrew+tradition&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5zszthrGFAxVOFlkFHSQeApgQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20&f=false

Exodus 24:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/24.htm

Knohl (2010) (P. 86):

https://www.academia.edu/34528484/Pharaohs_War_with_the_Israelites_e_Untold_Story_srael_nohl

-V2:

https://azure.org.il/article.php?id=543

Psalm 68:

-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/psalms/68.htm

-ESV:
https://biblehub.com/esv/psalms/68.htm

-BSV:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/psalms/68.htm

-CSV:

https://biblehub.com/csb/psalms/68.htm

Natan (2006) (Vol. 1 p. 337):

https://books.google.com/books?id=GB_R90_DlGEC&pg=PA337&dq=sinai+sin+moon+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiagJTQ9MOCAxVlpIkEHdPqDsAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=sinai%20sin%20moon%20god&f=false

Rev. Sayce (1897) (P. 188):

https://books.google.com/books?id=0qE2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA188&dq=sinai+sin+moon+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiagJTQ9MOCAxVlpIkEHdPqDsAQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=sinai%20sin%20moon%20god&f=false

Hart (2005) (P. 78):
https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1LAiPylZm4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=hart+(2005)+Iah+Sin&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-_MCW8uGHAxWUFVkFHX-NBRgQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=hart%20(2005)%20Iah%20Sin&f=false

Farbridge (1923) (P. 200):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QATXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA200&dq=nannar+the+bull+of+anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2warA-eGHAxWBFmIAHQkHDtsQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=nannar%20the%20bull%20of%20anu&f=false

Psalm 81:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/81.htm

1 Samuel 20:
-NASB:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_samuel/20.htm

-NIV:

https://biblehub.com/niv/1_samuel/20.htm

Litwa (2019):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en

Epiphaneus. Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 (Williams, 2009 translation) (P. 98):

https://gnosis.study/library/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/ENG/Epiphanius%20of%20Salamis%20-%20The%20Panarion,%20Book%20I%20(Sects%201-46).pdf

Radau (1904; in Carus, 1904) (P. 92, note 4):

https://books.google.com/books?id=RaoLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA92&dq=kronos+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxnse1m_39AhVokYkEHfhiBkwQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=kronos%20enlil&f=false

Mackenzie (1907) (P. 259):

https://sacred-texts.com/egy/eml/eml31.htm

Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP.  32, 276, 293, and 497):

https://dokumen.pub/an-anum-and-related-lists-god-lists-of-ancient-mesopotamia-orientalische-religionen-in-der-antike-1-9783161613821-9783161613838-3161613821.html


5.) Nabu:
The planet Mercury (NASA, Mercury):
Nabu, also spelled Nebu, is the "patron of the art of writing and a god of vegetation." His "symbols were the clay tablet and the stylus." His father is Marduk (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Nabu, para. 1-2). Jastrow, Jr., (1898) said that "The similarity of the roles of Nabu and Ea, as gods of wisdom and the arts, might easily have led to a confusion." However, the titles given to Nabu kept him separate from Ea (Vol. 1 pp. 230-231). This is interesting, considering that Ea was equated to Nabu in personal names (Pinches, 1902, p. 59). Nabu and Sin were "closely associated," especially since the two gods were "a giver of oracles," (Green, 2015, p. 33). However, Nabu remained as a servant to the moon god (p. 70). Nabu's name is in personal names, like Nebuchadnessar (p. 34). Aside from being Marduk-Bel's son, Nebu is equated to the gods Hermes, Thoth, Hoshang, Apollo, Orpheus, and "Enoch or Idris." Nabu's planet is Mercury (p. 71). Bertman (2003 [2005 edition]) said that Nabu was the son of Marduk, and was equated to "the Greek god of prophesy and the arts, Apollo," (p. 122). 

Nabu was equated to the number 40 (Parpola, 1993, p. 183 Figure 9) (Toorn, 1999; in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 892). Ea, and Ninurta, were also equated to 40 (Rollig, 1971, p. 500 [German]) (Parpola, 1993, p. 182 notes 87-88) (Toorn, 1999; in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 892) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea). This makes Nabu, Ea, and Ninurta, the same god. Funnily enough, Ea was originally the father of Nebo. Later on, Ea was replaced by Marduk as the father of Nebo (Langdon, 1918, p. 437). There was also a "Yahu or Yau of Nebo," according to Thompson (1999) (p. 256):
This means that Nebo/Nabu was seen as another version of the Jewish god.

The Archangel Raphael is represented by the planet Mercury (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Raphael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). This would equate Nabu with the Archangel Raphael.

Links:

NASA. Mercury:
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/vG1Q3CNH1B3dYx7HA

-Link:

https://science.nasa.gov/mercury/

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nabu:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nabu#:~:text=He%20was%20patron%20of%20the,Isaiah%20(46%3A1).

Jastrow, Jr., (1898) (Vol. 1 pp. 230-231):

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Religion_of_Babylonia_and_Assyria.html?id=fcaVTkPbUhcC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Pinches (1902) (P. 59):

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Old_Testament_in_the_Light_of_the_Hi.html?id=iCS9DLD6MUkC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false

Green (2015) (PP. 33-34, and 70-71):

https://books.google.com/books?id=qLK9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34&dq=nabu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQssv3tNmHAxUqD1kFHZZWCQAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=nabu%20god&f=false

Bertman (2003 [2005 edition]) (P. 122):

https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC&pg=PA122&dq=nabu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQssv3tNmHAxUqD1kFHZZWCQAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=nabu%20god&f=false

Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 842):

https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA842&dq=Nabu+god+number+40&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipwejZ6NuHAxUgMlkFHVSZA6YQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=Nabu%20god%20number%2040&f=false

Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):

https://dokumen.pub/reallexikon-der-assyriologie-und-vorderasiatischen-archologie-rla-3-311003705x.html

-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):

https://books.google.com/books?id=EBkEGAOlCDsC&pg=PA3&dq=Rollig+Ea+Anu+40+50+60&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjOxbDd3LqFAxUlMlkFHYkRDJYQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Rollig%20Ea%20Anu%2040%2050%2060&f=false

Parpola (1993):

https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater

University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enki/Ea:

6.) Nergal:
The planet Mars (Billings and Mirsky, 2018):
Nergal is a god of the underworld, fire, "pestilence, hunger, and devastation." He married the goddess of the underworld, "Ereshkigal (or Allatum)." Despite this scary persona, he was also benevolent to mankind as well (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Nergal, para. 1-2). Jensen (1890) said that Nirgal (Nergal) was the planet Mars (p. 135 [German]). Long (1987 [2015 edition]) said that Nergal was Ares (p. 151 note 43):
Ares, the "god of war" in Greece, was called Mars in Rome (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ares, para. 1). Jensen (1890) said that Nirgal (Nergal) was equated to the planet Mars (p. 135 [German]). Langdon (1909) said that Nergal was equated to the planet Mars (p. 168). 

Interestingly, in religious poetry from Mesopotamia, Nergal was called Enlilbanda ("'junior Enlil'"), just like Nudimmud-Enki. Nergal being equated to Enlilbanda is in the poem "Su-ilisu A, adab to Nergal, 19," (Metcalf, 2015, pp. 47-48):
Jacob (2005) also stated that Nergal and Enki were called Enlilbanda (p. 182), and said that Nergal and Enki were the same god (pp. 165, 175, and 181). Cohen (2005) said that Enlilbanda was an "epithet" for Enki, Marduk, and Nergal (in Sefati et al., 2005, p. 78 note 5). This would make Nergal, Ea, Marduk, and Enlil the same god.

As stated earlier, Ea and Nergal are equated to each other on the An = Anum list by the god Martu/Sakkan (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 78, 114, 222, 250, 260-261, and 353). This makes Ea-Nergal the god of the Martu/Amorites/Amurru.

The Tyrian god Melqart was equated to Nergal in Babylon (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Melqart, para. 1). This means that Nergal, Melqart, and by equation Baal Hammon-Enlil, Poseidon, Zeus, and Ea, are the same god. 

The Hyksos "worshipped the Canaanite Gods of Resheph, Ashtoreth, and Anat," (Shoham, 2011, p. 267). According to my sources, Resheph (or Rasap) is the planet Mars/Nergal (van Soldt, 2016, p. 105) (Stavrakopoulou, 2004, p. 214) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Resheph, para. 1). 

Links:

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nergal:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nergal-Mesopotamian-deity

Long (1987 [2015 edition]) (P. 151 note 43):

https://books.google.com/books?id=o-l5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151&dq=ninurta+cronus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizpaH3gK2FAxUVFlkFHSiKDAw4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=ninurta%20cronus&f=false

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ares:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ares-Greek-mythology#:~:text=Ares%20was%20the%20ancient%20Greek,was%20not%20extensive%20in%20Greece.

Metcalf (2015) (PP. 47-48):

https://books.google.com/books?id=tTTCCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&dq=Enki+Enlil+Banda&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1xKGpvpeGAxXEF2IAHe8aDPwQ6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20Enlil%20Banda&f=false
Jensen (1890) (P. 135 [German]):

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157 

-V2:

https://archive.org/details/diekosmologieder00jensuoft/diekosmologieder00jensuoft/mode/2up?q=nirgal

Jacob (2005):

https://www.scribd.com/document/354762628/Jacob-Alexander-Atman-a-Reconstruction-of-the-Solar-Cosmology-of-the-Indo-Europeans

Langdon (1909) (P. 168):

https://books.google.com/books?id=aNzMCOHhWf4C&pg=PA169&dq=Eridu+pantheon%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1yJ7EmImGAxW6MlkFHUjFDbIQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Eridu%20pantheon%C2%A0&f=false

Billings and Mirsky (2018):

https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/mars-lander-will-peer-inside-the-red-planet/
Cohen (2005; in Sefati et al., 2005) (P. 78 note 5):

http://enenuru.net/pdfs/Fs%20Klein.pdf
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Melqart:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Melqart
Jensen (1890) (P. 135 [German]):

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157 

-V2:
https://archive.org/details/diekosmologieder00jensuoft/diekosmologieder00jensuoft/mode/2up?q=nirgal

7.) Dumuzi:
Tammuz (1,500 B.C.) (Staatliche Museum zu Berlin) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tammuz):

Dumuzi is an interesting deity. His name was spelled as Dumuzi-Abzu (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dumuzi-Abzu), and Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana). 
Dumuzi-Abzu was both a goddess, and a god. In Eridu, he was the son of Enki-Ea and the god of the Steppe (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dumuzi-Abzu). Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana was the Dumuzi of the Steppe, and the "young bridegroom" of Inanna-Ishtar (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana). Dumuzi was also called Tammuz. The spelling of the name Tammuz was based on the "early Sumerian Damu-zid," which later became "Dumu-zid or Dumuzi." Tammuz was the son of Enki, and married to Inanna. He was the god of "new life in nature in the spring," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tammuz, para. 1-2, and 4). I'll just call him Dumuzi. Dumuzi is a dying-and-rising god. He even had a dream about his death in the "'Dumuzi's Dream'" text. Although he tried to fight it, his death was inevitable. In the "'Descent of Inanna,'" Tammuz spends "half the year among the living," and the other half in the netherworld. Originally, Inanna was in the netherworld. However, Inanna asks Dumuzi to take her place (para. 6). The main cause of his death was "at the hands of demons from the netherworld." The god was lamented during the celebrations of his death. This happened between spring, or summer (para. 5). Another god Dumuzi was equated to was Damu (para. 9). Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) also said that Dumu-zi, Dumuziapsu, Damu, and Tammuz, were Dumuzi. Dumuzi was also the son of Ea, represented by the bull, and was brought down to the underworld and killed by the demons (p. 158).

I must admit that I encountered this god a lot, but didn't think too much of him before. Now, I must add him to the list because he answers another piece of the Jesus puzzle. Dumuzi had three main female supporters: his "devoted sister Gestinanna, his wife Inanna, and his mother Ninsun. The three women are depicted "surrounding" the "dying Dumuzi," (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 158). This reminds me of Jesus' female followers at his death, and resurrection. For example, in Mark, there are three women who see the empty tomb: Mary Magdalene, Salome, and Mary the mother of James. Interestingly, this happened when the sun rose (Mark 16:1-2). During Jesus' crucifixion, there seems to be three or four women present in John: Mary (Jesus' mom), "His mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene." I don't know if Mary's sister is Mary the wife of Clopas, so I'll say that three-four women were there (John 19:25 [NASB]). The BSB version of this passage has four women present, so I'll go with four women (John 19:25 [BSB]). The other gospels have a different count for how many women were present at Jesus' death, and resurrection. 

Compared to other dying-and-rising gods, Dumuzi (or as Tammuz) was equated to Adonis (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 158) (Claus, 1972, Vol. 4 p. 46) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], pp. 51-52) (Bremmer, 2019, p. 293-294) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adonis, para. 2) (Hewitt, 1901, p. 29), Melkart (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], pp. 51-52) (Claus, 1972, Vol. 4 p. 46), Marduk (Brown, 1899, Vol. 1 p. 231) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], pp. 51-52) (Hommel, 1897, p. 68), and Itanos/Tan who later became Zeus (Hewitt, 1901, p. 29). Adonis, in particular, spends half the year with Aphrodite (Ishtar), and the rest of the year in the underworld. Interestingly, Adonis was killed by a boar (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adonis, para. 1). As stated before, Elyon was also killed by a boar and was Adonis. Itanos'/Tan's mother was "Brito-martis the virgin (martis) cypress tree (berut)." She was also the mother of Adonis (Phoenician), Tammuz (Hebrew), and Dumu-zi (Akkadian) (Hewitt, 1901, p. 29). Sayce (18880 said that Dumuzi was Tammuz, and the "primeval Merodach." He was also the son of Ea and Damkina (p. 144).  Elyon was Dumuzi, but there's more to that though. Tammuz (Dumuzi) was weeped for in Jerusalem (Ezekiel 8:14), and worshipped in Bethlehem (Ball, 2016, p. 491). As if there was enough evidence to link Jesus to Dumuzi already...

According to Maranz (2023) (preprint), the "E" in Ea's name is "I3." This represents the number 4. Tammuz (Dumuzi) is d4, and Ea is d40. Together, they make the name "I3.A"/"'I.A." Both Ea and Tammuz were also symbolized by the ram (pp. 22-23; p. 23 note 38). Marduk was also syncretized to Dumuzi in Babylon (p. 33). Brown (1899) also said that Tammuz (Dumuzi) was associated with the ram (Vol. 1 pp. 54 and 198). Dumuzi is Ea! This also means that Elyon-Adonay was Ea/Ieue as well. Since Jesus was the son of Ea/Ieue, this also helps to explain (at least, part of it) why Jesus was a dying-and-rising god: He was Dumuzi! Not only that, but Ea being Dumuzi also coincides with Ishtar being Ea's mother, and his wife, at the same time.

Dunlap (1858) equated Ieoud (Ea), Tammuz, and Hadad to Adonis (p. 206). Ea (and probably Enlil) was equated to the god Lugaldukuga. He was the god of the Apsu, and a dying-and-rising god that was weeped for in the month of Tishri. The gods Tammuz, and Enmesarra, were weeped for as well but in different months (Lambert, 2013, pp. 302-303). The Rev. Theophilus Gales said that Ieue was also Dionysus, who was called "Jehovahnissi" (Ieue nsi) in Exodus 17:15. The scholar Hugh Sanford said that Nissi is Mount Sinai (D.M. Murdock/Acharya S, 2014, pp. 317 and 320). The oracle of Apollo Klarios/Clarius stated that Adonis-Dionysus, Helios, Zeus, and Hades were the sun and the god Iao (Brown, 1877, Vol. 1 pp. 46-47). In my "Was Jesus Christ Real?" post, I concluded that Jesus Christ and Ea/Ieue were Dumuzi. Link to that post is below.

Dumuzi and Anum were also equated on the "reverse" side of the tablets O 175/Ra 16 145, and AO 17626 (RA 41 31) (Livingstone, 1986, pp. 187, 194, and 198-199). On the Shorter An = Anum list, Damu, who seems to be similar or identical to Dumuzi, is equated to Anum as "dDamudAnum" (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 6, 31, 49, 274, and 292). Dumuzi and Anum also seem to have been equated as well (pp. 274 and 292). Damu has been equated to Dumuzi before, as stated previously. This means that Dumuzi was both Saturn, and Uranus! Marduk and Dumuzi were the same god as well, meaning that Dumuzi is Jupiter too. Dumuzi's numbers would be d4, d40, and d60.

Links:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dumuzi-Abzu:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dumuzi-Abzu
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana#:~:text=Dumuzi%2DAmaushumgalana%2C%20in%20Mesopotamian%20religion,Lady%20of%20the%20Date%20Clusters.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tammuz:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tammuz-Mesopotamian-god
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/CgMM1BzFbadGDksm8
Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP.  266, 268, 270, 518, and 586):
https://dokumen.pub/an-anum-and-related-lists-god-lists-of-ancient-mesopotamia-orientalische-religionen-in-der-antike-1-9783161613821-9783161613838-3161613821.html
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (P. 158):
https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA158&dq=dumuzi+planet%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_x9bclsmKAxVZEFkFHdikBRsQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=dumuzi%20planet%C2%A0&f=false
Claus (1972) (Vol. 4 p. 46):
https://archive.org/details/historyofoldtest0004sche/page/46/mode/1up?q=Asherah
-V2 (Snippet):
https://books.google.com/books?id=mRUbkByWSL4C&q=History+of+the+Old+Testament%0D%0Aby+Schedl,+Claus+vol.+4+melkart&dq=History+of+the+Old+Testament%0D%0Aby+Schedl,+Claus+vol.+4+melkart&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIycWansOJAxVWKlkFHR0-FXYQ6AF6BAgMEAM#melkart%20setting%20sun 
Brown (1899) (Vol. 1 p. 231):
https://books.google.com/books?id=WW5AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA357&dq=poseidon+dagon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjenv209cOJAxW7M1kFHSjwMnoQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea&f=false
Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh
Hommel (1897) (P. 68):
https://books.google.com/books?id=l6o2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=professor+hommel+ancient+hebrew+tradition&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5zszthrGFAxVOFlkFHSQeApgQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20&f=false
Bremmer (2019) (PP. 293-294):
https://books.google.com/books?id=5I_HDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA292&dq=dumuzi+adonis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC1Lrm5-KKAxWEMVkFHYsgHv0Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=dumuzi%20adonis&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Adonis:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Adonis-Greek-mythology
Hewitt (1901) (P. 29):
https://books.google.com/books?id=AV0AAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=Tan+Akkadian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihmP6g-MiKAxXPk4kEHXBuMdUQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Tan%20Akkadian%20god&f=false
Mark 16:1-2: 
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/mark/16.htm
John 19:25:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/john/19.htm
-BSB:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/john/19.htm
Livingstone (1986) (P. 194): 
https://archive.org/details/mysticalmytholog0000livi/page/194/mode/1up?q=o+175+Enki 
Sayce (1888):

https://books.google.com/books?id=GS8JAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA548&dq=Eridu+Jews&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_1-is0MyLAxXFEFkFHea0KcIQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Eridu&f=false

Ball (2016) (P. 491):

https://books.google.com/books?id=hblTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA491&dq=tammuz+melqart&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQxpPUrc6NAxWkF1kFHfD1FaYQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=tammuz%20melqart&f=false
Ezekiel 8:

https://biblehub.com/nasb_/ezekiel/8.htm

Maranz (2023 [Preprint]):

Zenodohttps://zenodo.orgPDFAkkadian Vocabulary of Noah's Ark – N. Maranz

-V2:
https://www.cambridge.org/engage/coe/article-details/6642adcb418a5379b02ebadc
Brown (1899) (Vol. 1 pp. 54 and 198):
https://books.google.com/books?id=ouF5_WqiploC&pg=PA54&dq=ram+of+athamas+tammuz&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0v4HDjs-NAxW6D1kFHbVsDNcQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=ram%20of%20athamas%20tammuz&f=false

Lambert (2013) (PP. 302-303):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-JUFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA302&dq=Alala+Lugaldukuga&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMsZmx1OCKAxVMD1kFHflgL64Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Alala%20Lugaldukuga&f=false

Dunlap (1858) (P. 206):

https://books.google.com/books?id=MzZdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA270&dq=Ieoud+Osiris&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfpIuWiNONAxUKFlkFHS55CMQQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Ieoud%20Osiris&f=false

D.M. Murdock/Acharya S (2014) (PP. 317 and 320):

https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZWPAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA317&dq=Mount+Sinai+Mount+nysa&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGkYrc5ZWNAxVdK1kFHQGGMcsQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Mount%20Sinai%20Mount%20nysa&f=false

Brown (1877) (Vol. 1 pp. 46-47):

https://books.google.com/books?id=gnQBAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA46&dq=Helios+summer+sun&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwik0fCQkq6FAxXXvokEHYfKDVEQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Helios%20summer%20sun&f=false


Part 3: Ea's Female Companion:

Ishtar-Inanna standing on the back of a lion on the Seal, Cylinder A27903 (Akkadian period) (University of Chicago, Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Africa and North Africa, Seal, Cylinder [A27903]):
Full seal:
Now, we have to talk about the goddess. I originally thought that the goddesses, or most of them, of every pantheon were benevolent. However, that is wrong. The god, and the goddess, are the same individual. To use Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) as a case and point, who in tern quotes de Rouge, Maspero, and Pierret, polytheists were actually monotheists. Different deities were actually multiple versions, or clones, of one single deity (p. 208):
W.E.C. (1838) stated that "we have the testimony of Porphyry, Anaxagoras, and other heathens, that the names of the heathen gods and goddesses are but different designations of the same deity under various characters," (in The Christian Remembrancer, Vol. 20, p. 604 notes):
Kavanagh (1871) said that various gods and goddesses had both sexes or genders. Jupiter, Bacchus (Dionysus), Venus-Aphrodite, and other deities, were both male and female. Heck, "Jupiter was both male and female, not only the father but also the mother of the gods." Hesychius Servisu said that the "Cyprus Venus is represented with a beard, and called Aphrodite," (Vol. 1, p. 19). The male Aphrodite from Cyprus was also called "deus Venus," (Schaff et al., 1882, Vol. 1 p. 159). All the gods and goddesses of every religion are actually one being!

Aphrodite was called the "Genetrix, the creative element of the world." She also has characteristics similar to Ishtar, and is called Venus in the Roman pantheon (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Aphrodite, para. 1-2, and 4).  (para. 2). Ishtar, also called Inanna, is represented by the planet Venus  (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ishtar; para. 2). Aphrodite and Ishtar were associated with the planet Venus, and was the Archangel Anael (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Anael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). On the An = Anum list, Inanna is equated to Ishtar (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 147-148). I'll call her Ishtar for now on.

Asherah is a Phoenician (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 842. Asherah, Strong's Concordance) (White, 2021, para. 4) and Canaanite (Biale, 1982, p. 253) goddess, and is known as the "Lady Asherah of the Sea," or "The Lady of the Sea" (White, 2021, para. 3). She was the goddess of the tribe of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel (Fast, 1938 [2011 edition], p. 10). She was the first goddess to have been worshipped by Israel (Patai, 1968, p. 29). Yahweh (Ieue) was Asherah's consort (Feldt, 2007, pp. 87 and 90). Archeology tells us that Asherah was worshipped by the Israelites, and her clay figurines were used to worship her, in particular by Israelite women (pp. 117 and 92; p. 90 and Figure 2). Dever (2005) stated that two inscriptions, from Kh. el-Qom and Kuntillet Ajrud, equate the two gods as being a couple. The inscriptions say "Yahweh and his Asherah," (pp. 43, 162-163, 196, 198, and 202). Then, Asherah was removed by Yahweh's followers (p. 215). Ide (1991) said that Yahweh divorced Asherah, and instructed the Israelites to get rid of anything related to her (Ide, 1991, pp. 33 and 92). Asherah was the goddess of the tribe of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel (Fast, 1938 [2011 edition], p. 10). She was the first goddess to have been worshipped by Israel (Patai, 1968, p. 29). Bread was used in worshipping her, along with cakes, water, and oil (Feldt, 2007, p. 98). Asherah was also called "Elat." Elat is the female version of the masculine name "El" (p. 96) (Ide, 1991, p. 33).  

Asherah figurine drawing (Feldt, 2007, p. 90 Figure 2):

Asherah figurine ("Nude female figure") (MET Museum, Nude female figure) (Also mentioned in Patai, 1968 as being Asherah [p. 65 Figure 1]):

This would be a good point to talk about Ea's wife. She is the goddess Damkina. She and Ea are siblings, and a couple. Damkina was also Ninhursag, and Ninki. She was part of a trinity made up of herself, Belit, and Anath, in Babylon (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 142) (Trzaskoma et al., 2016, p. 443). Ninlil, Enlil's wife, was also Ninhursag and Ninki. Ninki was Ninhursag, Ninlil, and Damkina. Ninhursag was Belit, and also Nammu who is Ea's mother. Finally, Ninlil and Ninhursag (under the name Innini) are Ishtar (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], pp. 242, 346-347). On the An = Anum list, Damkina shares two names with Ninlil: Bursugal and Bursusikil (Litke, 1998; in Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 40 and 89). This means that Ea and Enlil had the same wife, and Ishtar was both Ea's mother and his wife! Ishtar was also Anum's wife. On the An = Anum list, Antum, Anum's wife, was equated to Ishtar under the name "AntumdIstar." Asera (Asherah) and Anatum were also the goddess Asratum (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 17, 70, 224, 349, 387, 430, and 530-531). Anatum is Anat (Cornelius, 2004, p. 92). Ishtar was both Ea's, Enlil's, and Anum's wife!

Let's talk about the goddess Namma for a second. According to Alban (2003), Nammu was also called Ninmah, and Ninhursag. She is the "goddess of the sea and mother earth, giving birth to all the world." She is the "primordial creatrix," and her name is the "oldest recorded name of a deity." She was probably a "fish-tailed, snake, or dragon" goddess (p. 157). Baring and Cashford (1991 [1993 edition]) said that Nammu was probably "portrayed as a serpent goddess." She might've been depicted as a "goddess with a serpent head," (Ch. 5 [p. 92?]). Nammu, also called Namma, is also the mother of all the gods. Her role was later taken over by Tiamat (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Namma (goddess)). She is the "'mother who gave birth to the heavens and the earth'." Since no male was associated with Namma, it is possible that she created the cosmos by asexual reproduction (Functions, para. 1-2). At Eridu, it seems that Namma originally had a higher position than Enki did (Divine Genealogy and Syncretisms). Baring and Cashford said that "Tiamat seems to have been a later or alternative name for Nammu," (Baring and Cashford, 1991 [1993 edition], Ch. 5 [p. 92?]). On the An = Anum list, Nammu is spelled as "Namma" (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 70, 349, 386, 430, and 530-531). I'll go with Namma. In the Enki and Ninmah story, the senior and lower gods complain about the workload. Namma goes to Enki, her son (she is also stated as being the mother of all the senior gods), and tells him to create mankind to take the workload off of the gods. Enki tells her to make mankind out of clay. Namma takes the clay, and gives birth to mankind (lines 1-37 [ETCSL translation]) (Spar, 2009, para. 6). Snakes, or serpents, were also a symbol of Asherah (Salem and Salem, 2000, p. 161) (Dever, 2005, p. 186) (George and George, 2014, p. 207), and she was also called "Mother of the gods" (Dever, 2005, p. 186). Inanna was also associated with serpents, which she seems to have inherited from the "Neolithic [...] Snake Goddess." Inanna also seems to have been a goddess of the water originally (Baring and Cashford, 1991 [1993 edition], Ch. 5 [p. 82?]). I think Namma, Asherah, and Inanna are the same person. This also means that Ea's/Ieue's mother was also his wife.

According to Binger (1997), a case can also be made that Asherah (Asratum) was also the mother of El ('l/Enlil) in Ugarit. Asherah would be equated to Rhea, and El would be equated to Zeus. This was "before Baal arrives."  The Baal in question is Hadad (Adad)  (pp. 77-78). This can help link Asratum to Namma.

Asherah had her own trinity. It consisted of Qudshu/Qadesh, Astarte, and Anat, and comes from the Triple Goddess Stone from Egypt (Picknett and Prince, 2019, pp. 161-162) (Irwin, 1999, p. 220). Qadesh is Asherah (Picknett and Prince, 2019, p. 161). This would make Asherah, Astarte, and Anat, the same deity, which makes sense because Asherah and Anat were the same goddess: Asratum. Astarte was a moon goddess (Wright, 1901, p. 448), and was blended with Anat to become the goddess Atargatis (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Anath, para. 3). Anat was worshipped alongside YHW (Ieu) in Elephantine, and was likely Yahweh's (Ieue's) consort (Cornell, 2019, para. 4-5) (Mondriann, 2013, pp. 537 and 550) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 44). This also means that Asherah/Asratum was Ieue's consort. Anat was also called "'the Virgin,'" and was the "goddess of love and war" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Anath, para. 1-2). Interestingly, Athena was also the "goddess of war," and "virginity was attributed to her very early," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Athena, para. 1 and 3). I think Anat and Athena might be the same goddess. I also think that Anat-Athena could also be Wisdom from Proverbs 8:22-31. According to Rabbi Shapiro (2014), Wisdom is Ieue's daughter (pp. 48 and 54). Athena is Zeus' daughter (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Athena, para. 2). Athena was also the goddess of "practical wisdom," and later became "allegorized to personified wisdom," (para. 1 and 6). In fact, Cornelius (2004) said that Anat was equated to Athena "in the Greek-Phoenician bilingual KAI No. 42. Cornelius also said that Anat is "also related to [...] Ishtar-Shawushka and [...] Inana-Ishtar-Inin-Annunatum," (p. 92). Finally, Cornelius stated that Astarte is Ishtar and Shawushka (p. 93). Anat is Athena after all, and both Anat and Astarte are Ishtar. Ea's/Ieue's mother was also his wife, and his daughter.

Triple Goddess Stone from Egypt depicting Qudshu/Qadesh (Edwards, 1955; retrieved from Wikipedia):

Athena Parthenos (440 B.C.) (University of Cambridge, Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases, Varvakeion Athena Parthenos):
A coin from "the Persian period" of Gaza depicts Yaw (Ieue) and Astarte-Anat together (called "'Ashtart-Yaw" by Langdon) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 44 Figure 24):
Asratum (Asherah-Astarte-Anat) was definitely Ea's/Ieue's consort. In fact, the coin from Langdon could suggest that Ea/Ieue and Asratum were the same individual, representing an androgynous entity.

Aphrodite was stated to have been Atirat-Athirat-Asherah (Duke, 1971, p. 324 note 28) (Natan-Yulzary, 2020, p. 131), and Asherah is equated to Venus (Dunlap, 1894, p. 75) (Massey, 1883, Vol. 2 p. 296). This means that Asherah and Ishtar are the same individual.


Venus de Milo (150-125 B.C.) (Louvre Museum) by Shonagon (Wikipedia):

Ishtar was Inanna, Damkina-Ninlil, Antum, Asratum (Asera-Anatum-Astarte), and Aphrodite. Asratum was the goddess worshipped by the Hebrews (as Asera). She also has her own trinity (Asera/Qudshu-Astarte-Anatum). Her planet was Venus. Astarte/Asratum and Ieue were a couple. Damkina was Ea's wife, his mother (Namma), and his daughter (Anatum-Athena-Wisdom). Finally, Asera (Asratum) was the female version of 'l (Enlil-Ea) as Elat. The goddess could also be male, and the god could also be female. This supports the fact that the god, and goddess, were the same individual. 

Links:

University of Chicago. Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Africa and North Arica. Seal, Cylinder A27903:

https://isac-idb.uchicago.edu/id/90eec75d-0343-4a85-8810-ad0cdcc2a081

W.E.C. (1838; in The Christian Remembrancer) (Vol. 20, P. 604):

https://books.google.com/books?id=WvkDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PT44&dq=Dagon+Apollo+corn&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_ytbv1YmFAxWPMlkFHRrICSYQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Dagon%20Apollo%20corn&f=false
Kavanagh (1871) (Vol. 1, p. 19):

https://books.google.com/books?id=3XNap2OyPt8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Origin+of+language+and+myth+kavanagh&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiopJfx9uiEAxUvFVkFHX9zD8IQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Bacchus&f=false

The Met Museum. Nude female figure:
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/323163
Litke (1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3) (PP. 147-148):

https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBC%203%2C%201998.pdf

Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]):

https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n18/mode/1up

Dunlap (1894) (PP. 75):

https://books.google.com/books?id=gY1AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA75&dq=asherah+venus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKu4GusNqHAxUvlIkEHZ3REJYQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=asherah%20venus&f=false

Massey (1883) (Vol. 2 p. 296):

https://books.google.com/books?id=lp40AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA296&dq=asherah+venus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKu4GusNqHAxUvlIkEHZ3REJYQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=asherah%20venus&f=false

Schaff et al., (1882) (Vol. 1 p. 159):

https://books.google.com/books?id=-f9CxR_4bngC&pg=PA159&dq=asherah+venus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidm-71s9qHAxV8FFkFHZhuKzQ4ChDoAXoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=asherah%20venus&f=false

Venus de Milo (150-125 B.C.) (Louvre Museum) by Shonagon (Wikipedia):

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V%C3%A9nus_de_Milo_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_LL_299_;_N_527_;_Ma_399.jpg
Athena Parthenos (440 B.C.) (University of Cambridge, Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases, Varvakeion Athena Parthenos):

https://museum.classics.cam.ac.uk/collections/casts/varvakeion-athena-parthenos

-Pic:

https://images.app.goo.gl/kgw3kugJyd7QB44L8

https://books.google.com/books?id=VWxekbhM1yEC&pg=PR371&dq=Nammu+Damkina&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjK19mmnK6LAxWkD1kFHd_aM_8Q6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Nammu%20Damkina&f=false

-V2 (Damkina is Ninhursag, and Ninki):

https://books.google.com/books?id=VWxekbhM1yEC&pg=PR150&dq=Damkina+Ninhursag&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3fDbkbCLAxWNGVkFHVU2M1MQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Damkina%20Ninhursag&f=false

-V3 (Ninhursag):

https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofan0000coul/page/346/mode/2up?q=ninhursag

Trzaskoma et al., (2016) (P. 443): 
https://books.google.com/books?id=jmr9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA443&dq=Damkina+Ninhursag&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjCs42FvLCLAxVoD1kFHWilA2c4FBDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Damkina%20Ninhursag&f=false

Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP.  17 and 70):

https://dokumen.pub/an-anum-and-related-lists-god-lists-of-ancient-mesopotamia-orientalische-religionen-in-der-antike-1-9783161613821-9783161613838-3161613821.html
Proverbs 8:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/proverbs/8.htm
Rabbi Shapiro (2014):
https://books.google.com/books?id=tu6JBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lady+Wisdom+divine+sex&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfq5mFltD1AhX2rHIEHbVIDzUQ6AF6BAgHEAM
-eBook version:
https://books.apple.com/us/book/embracing-the-divine-feminine/id1493951998
Cornelius (2004) (P. 92):

https://books.google.com/books?id=5vYSQ3RpkEkC&pg=PA92&dq=anatum+anat+goddess&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZoKvR_9OOAxV5M1kFHSzZFPgQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=anatum%20anat%20goddess&f=false
Alban (2003) (P. 157, chapter 9):
https://books.google.com/books?id=JjoBs_u5rigC&pg=PA157&dq=nammu+goddess&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwillsOSn8aBAxVMGVkFHUe0Bp8Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=nammu%20goddess&f=false
University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Namma (goddess):
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/namma/index.html
Spar (2009):
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/epic/hd_epic.htm#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Sumerian%20story,the%20gods%20from%20their%20toil.
Salem and Salem (2000) (P. 161):
https://books.google.com/books?id=Fd1KpWroqUYC&pg=PA161&dq=asherah+snake&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy25Oy5M6BAxXJD1kFHXbUB1AQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=asherah%20snake&f=false
George and George (2014) (P. 207):
https://books.google.com/books?id=xrKuAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207&dq=asherah+serpent+symbol&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtuPuf886BAxXxMlkFHUiwAYsQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=asherah%20serpent%20symbol&f=false
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 842. Asherah: Strong's Concordance, NAS Exhaustive Concordance:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/842.htm 
White (2021):
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/asherah-and-the-asherim-goddess-or-cult-symbol/
-V2:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergey-Krupin/publication/343737801_Significance_of_the_goddess_Ashera_before_Nebuchadnezzar/links/5f3d0127458515b7292c90ba/Significance-of-the-goddess-Ashera-before-Nebuchadnezzar.pdf?origin=publication_detail
Biale (1982):
https://www.academia.edu/35615351/David_Biale_The_God_with_Breasts_El_Shaddai_in_the_Bible_History_of_Religions_21_3_February_1982_240_256
Fast (1938):
https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Jews.html?id=nnG3c--uKtMC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/jews00howa/page/n7/mode/1up?view=theater
Patai (1968):
https://archive.org/details/x-the-hebrew-goddess/mode/2up
Baring and Cashford (1991 [1993 edition]) (Ch. 5 [p. 92?]):

https://books.google.com/books?id=0XedISRtcZYC&pg=RA1-PA92&dq=nammu+goddess&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHsOKDlNSOAxXQFVkFHRvbNWQQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=nammu%20goddess&f=false

Binger (1997) (PP. 77-78):

https://books.google.com/books?id=jXexAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78&dq=yam+and+poseidon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC-qbg64j8AhVwpnIEHUXvClc4FBDoAXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=yam%20and%20poseidon&f=false


Part 4: Conclusions:

Ea was the Saturn of the Middle East. He is the god of the Bible (Ieue/Yhvh and 'l/El), and the Qur'an (Allah). Other spellings of his name include Eau, Ia, Iau, Iao (Iaw), Ieue, and 'eie (Aeie). The other Middle Eastern gods, including the Elohim in the Bible, were different versions of Ea/Ieue himself. The goddess was seen as Ea's mother, wife, and daughter.
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