"Polytheist in appearance it was essentially monotheist, says Pierret," (Dunlap, 1894 [1898 edition], p. 208).
-V2:
Chronos (close-up) by Ignaz Gunther (1765/1770) (Bayerisches National Museum):Welcome to The Demon Revealed. As the three quotes above state, every deity, both god and goddess, are in fact one individual under different names. Polytheism is actually monotheism, just with multiple personas of the same deity. However, this deity is no god or goddess at all. It is actually a demon. This post, or series perhaps, will expose the history of this demon and why we shouldn't worship it. This post was initially about the God of the Bible possibly being an angel, but the more I investigated this guy the more problematic he became for me to accept him as a benevolent entity at all. Now, I've come to the inescapable conclusion that the God of the Bible is evil! He is not "the only god." He is the same demon that masquerades as other gods in other pantheons. ALL the gods of every religion are one-and-the-same.
Chronos (close-up) by Ignaz Gunther (1765/1770) (Bayerisches National Museum):
https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847
Part 1: The Shining God:
I have been pondering over how to structure this... series? Post? There's a lot to talk about, and a lot of gods and goddesses to cover. However, I think I'll make one long post here and then make shorter posts of this later on. I'll start this off by talking about the sun, moon, and the planets. These are the gods, or as I'll call them, different personas of the demonic deity.
1.1. The Planets are the Gods:
The sun and the planets (NASA, Sun: Facts):
If you told me about a year ago that the God I worshipped was a planet or a star, I would've thought you were crazy. In fact, a part of me still thinks that this is nuts. However, I've come to this conclusion because the evidence just kept pilling up on me over time, and I couldn't ignore it anymore. How can a planet, or a star, be a deity? How could it be a conscious entity at all? In order to get my answers, I've had to go outside my comfort zone.
Most of my answers to this particular question come from Theosophy, which means "'god'" or theos and "'wisdom'" or sophia. It also means "'wisdom about the divine'," (Ellwood, 2014, p. 3). According to Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Jehovah, the god of the Bible, "is one of the Planetary Elohim of the Regent Group of Saturn." His name is also "the generic name of that Group or Hierarchy of Creative Planetary Angels, under whose Star their nation has evolved," (Blavatsky, 1893, Vol. 2 p. 134). Blavatsky also stated that "Ildabaoth-Jehovah" was "the Genius of Saturn, according to Origen and the Egyptian Gnostics," (p. 567). To the Jews, Jehovah was symbolized by the moon and Saturn. To the "early Christians," he was the sun and Jupiter. The Trinity consisted of the Father being the sun, the Son being Mercury, and the Holy Ghost (or Spirit) being Venus. Sophia, Lucifer, and Christ, are Venus as well (pp. 569-570). The "Planetary Angels," or "Planetary Gods," which are the stars and planets, can incarnate as people. There are seven of these angels/gods, with the sun being the top one because the others "'gravitate' (astronomically and allegorically), and whom they worship," (pp. 377-378).
We get another, yet somewhat similar, view from Rudolf Steiner. According to Steiner, "Beings who are now above humanity reached their human state on earlier planets." An "Egyptian sage" said that the gods were once human beings that reached "exalted heights." The proper way to achieve this is through "deification [theosis]," according to Dionysus the Areopagite. Steiner later stated that, "in Christian esotericism," the Archangels and Angels of Christianity were humans originally. They "passed through their human stage," and became the Archangels or Angels. The Angels passed "through their human stage" on the Moon, while the "Archangels went through their human evolution on the Sun." The Archai, the "Spirits of Personality, Primeval Beings," are said to have "went through their human evolution on ancient Saturn." The moon, sun, and Saturn, acted as the home world for these entities like Earth is the human world (Steiner, 1909; in Steiner, 2008, Part One Lecture 3 [pp. 3-4]). Steiner (1923) also said that the planets and stars effect our universe, Earth, and us. There are also spirits on the stars and planets as well, such as Saturn, the moon, and Jupiter (in Steiner, 2016, Part One Lecture 1 pp. 7-15).
Another scholar, philosopher, and lecturer, that I've come to appreciate a lot is Manly Palmer Hall. He is also the founder of the Philosophical Research Society (The Philosophical Research Society, Manly Palmer Hall, para. 1). In lecture 3 of his Astro-theology seminar series, Hall said that the planets were the deities of our religions (Manly P. Hall Seminar Series, Astro-theology, 3: The planets and the ancient gods). Hall also said that Pythagoras taught that the planets were "merely bodies encasing souls, minds, and spirits in the same manner that the visible human form is" for us. Pythagoras also said that the planets and stars were "magnificent deities," yet they were "subservient to the One First Cause" he calls "the Monad, the permanent atom of the Pythagoreans." There was also "constant interplay between the Grand Man (the universe) and man (the little universe)," (Hall, 1928 [2010 edition], p. 152).
As we can see, the gods of our religions have been equated to the stars and planets of our solar system. There are seven major planetary angels or gods, with the sun being the leader. The planets and stars either incarnate as men, or there are humans/spirits on these planets and stars that eventually become/became deities, or the planets are the physical bodies containing deities inside of them. Either way, the planets and stars can also effect the universe, Earth, and mankind.
Links:
NASA. Sun: Facts:
https://science.nasa.gov/sun/facts/
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/shbBnXz3nkRguh4D6
Blavatsky (1893) (Vol. 2):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zCcVAAAAYAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Steiner (1909; in Steiner, 2008) (Part One Lecture 3):
https://books.google.com/books?id=6CztauLMObkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=THE+SPIRITUAL+HIERARCHIES+AND+THE+PHYSICAL+WORLD&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLo_3cyaOKAxVzkokEHS8bJBQQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=THE%20SPIRITUAL%20HIERARCHIES%20AND%20THE%20PHYSICAL%20WORLD&f=false
Steiner (1923; in Steiner, 2016) (Part One Lecture 1 pp. 7-15):
https://books.google.com/books?id=OWkLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR3&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Ellwood (2014) (P. 3):
https://books.google.com/books?id=bl9bBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=subject:%22Religion+Theosophy%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj27dmj25KLAxVtEFkFHXCPCuYQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
The Philosophical Research Society. Manly Palmer Hall:
https://www.prs.org/manly-p-hall.html
Manly P. Hall Seminar Series. Astro-theology. 3: The planets and the ancient gods. YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWyMIY4sHNE&t=699s
Hall (1928 [2010 edition]) (P. 152):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-ffW5P6NW1kC&pg=PA152&dq=manly+p+hall+planets+deities&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ2r6K3pKLAxWqD1kFHT25GsgQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=manly%20p%20hall%20planets%20deities&f=false
1.2. The Shining God and the Sun:
Sun blasting a flare (Turgeon and Morse, 2024):
Links:
Turgeon and Morse (2024):
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/sun/
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/11uc3ri5CoyXAVoo7
-V2:
https://books.google.com/books?id=OJVMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA32&dq=dyeus+pater&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimuMmzrJuGAxXOMlkFHZxLDrMQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=dyeus%20pater&f=false
Briggs (2003) (Chapter D):
Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) (PP. 83-84, and 359):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus
Smith (1884) (P. 148):
https://books.google.com/books?id=us3Y7a9AhOYC&pg=PA155-IA3&dq=el+elu+deity&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9q66_0J-CAxVSFlkFHaBfAesQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=el%20elu%20deity&f=false
Frazer (1926) (PP. 66-67):
Krul (2018):
https://www.academia.edu/36775866
Lyle (2012) (PP. 105-106):
Griswold (1910) (P. 31):
Rusten (1985; in Bailey, 1985) (Vol. 89 pp. 130, 135-136):
Durham University. Department of Physics. User's Guide to the Night Sky. The Ecliptic: The Sun's Annual Path on the celestial Sphere:
https://astro.dur.ac.uk/~ams/users/solar_year.html
Mushet (1837) (PP. 62-63):
Brown (1898) (PP. 119-120):
Rhyn (1895) (P. 7):
The Christian Remembrancer. Volume 56. Article 8:
Rawlinson (1885) (PP. 74-75):
Ridpaph (1890) (P. 133):
Inman (1868) (PP. 243-244):
Dunlap (1856) (P. 22):
Toorn et al., (1999) (P. 73):
https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible+(2nd+ed.)&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj36PPTp5aFAxVOFVkFHc_NApQQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Oannes&f=false
Kilmer (1985; in Conrad and Newig, 1985):
https://books.google.com/books?id=URe3ugEQB00C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Cudworth (1845) (Vol. 2 p. 212):
Claus (1972) (Vol. 4 p. 46):
https://archive.org/details/historyofoldtest0004sche/page/46/mode/1up?q=Asherah
-V2 (Snippet):
1.3. The Shining God and the Planet Saturn:
Saturn (NASA, Saturn: Facts):
Saturn is represented by the six-pointed star, also called the hexagram. It is "formed by uniting the Water Triangle with the Fire Triangle, which is called the Six-pointed Star, Star of David, Solomon's Seal, etc." The hexagram is also called the "'talisman of Saturn'," (Burns, 1998, p. 40). This is the same star that the Israelites are using. The star also represents the gods Moloch, Chiun, "Baal-Saturn-Siva (Shiva)," and Kivan. All of these gods are identical. In fact, "one of the names of Saturn is Israel," (Blavatsky, 1910, p. 236). Kiyyun, or Rephan/Rhemphan, is Saturn (Bible Hub, Strong's Greek, 4481. Rhemphan, Strong's Lexicon). The Israelites worshipped Moloch, and Rompha (Rhemphan) (Acts 7:43), also called Sikkuth and Kiyyun (Amos 5:26). The star/hexagram belongs to Kiyyun/Rhemphan (Amos 5:26) (Acts 7:43). The hexagram is on the flag of Israel still to this day (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Israel).
Hexagram (Burns, 1998, p. 40):
Flag of Israel (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Israel):Rhemphan is Saturn, and Kiyyun (Bible Hub, Strong's Greek, 4481. Rhemphan, Strong's Lexicon):Bade (2023) said that the hexagram is the "Seal of Solomon," and is "symbolic of Saturn." It also "represents '666'." On the "Talisman of Saturn," the pentagram is on the obverse side while the hexagram is on the reverse side. The hexagram is also on the planet Saturn itself. Both the pentagram, and hexagram, "are associated with the 7 'old' planets in astrology," (Vol. 3 pp. 443-444).Talisman of Saturn (top), the hexagram (middle), and Saturn (bottom) (Bade, 2023, Vol. 3 p. 443):
P. 444:
Another shot of the hexagon (hexagram) on the planet Saturn (Edwards, 2020):The "Pythagorean pentacle" is also a hexagram. Above it, the name "Adonai," one of the names of the god of the Bible (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 136. Adonay, Strong's Exhaustive Concordance) appears (Blavatsky, 1910, pp. 451-452).The Pythagorean pentacle with "Adonai" above it (Blavatsky, 1910, p. 452):
Adonay (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 136. Adonay, Strong's Exhaustive Concordance):
The pentagram is interesting. The planet Jupiter is represented by "a blazing pentagram in the beak of an eagle," (Curtiss and Curtiss, 1917, p. 222) (Levi, 2017, p. 87). The pentagram also represents the planet Venus, Mercury, Mars, as well as Jupiter and Saturn (Farrel, 2013, p. 128) (Hodapp, 2006, p. 166). According to Weor (2012), "The Pentagram is the sign of the Word made flesh, and according to the direction of its rays, it can represent God or the Devil, the Immolated Lamb or the male goat of Mendes." When the Pentagram is "aiming up towards the sky, it represents Christ." When the pentagram is "aiming downwards, it represents Satan." Finally, the pentagram represents the "fallen Angel" when "aiming down," (Ch. 30 [p. 2]):This means that Jesus and Satan are the same individual. They're two sides of the same coin.NASA. Saturn: Facts:
https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/facts/
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/Rfg8heko4g8UkUcBA
https://archive.org/details/TalbottDavidTheSaturnMyth1980/page/n13/mode/2up?q=anu&view=theater
Jensen (1890) (PP. 136-138 [German]):
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157
Burns (1998) (P. 40):
https://archive.org/details/masonic-occult-symbols-illustrate/page/n39/mode/1up?q=Saturn
Blavatsky (1910) (P. 236):
Bade (2023) (Vol. 3 p. 443):
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 136. Adonay. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/136.htm
Weor (2012) (Ch. 30):
Link:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/9evYXYxGxJeqAEn9A
Edwards (2020):
https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/11819043/saturn-hexagon-storm-mystery/
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/1Ha1fGTUCcsu1NG39
Bible Hub. Strong's Greek. 4481. Rhemphan. Strong's Lexicon:
https://biblehub.com/greek/4481.htm
Amos 5:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/amos/5.htm
Acts 7:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/acts/7.htm
Part 2: Demon:
2.1. Daimon vs. Demon:
I'm pretty sure that everybody, religious or not, knows what a demon is. The word "demon," also spelled as "daemon" and "daimon," seems to have originated in Greek (Encyclopaedia Britannica. Demon). The word "is derived from the Greek word daimon, which means 'supernatural being' or 'spirit'." The name was reserved for "a spiritual being that influenced a person's character," and later became denoted for a malevolent entity (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Angel and demon, Nature and significance: Demons, para. 1). A demon was "a supernatural power." Homer used the word "almost interchangeably with theos for a god." Theos represents "the personality of the god, and demon his activity," (Encyclopaedia Britannica. Demon). In Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, angels are benevolent entities while the malevolent entities are called demons (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Angel and demon, para. 2). According to the "New Testament Scholar Dale Basil Martin," the word daimon was used by the Greeks "to refer to gods, especially minor gods or intermediate supernatural beings, as well as the souls of the dead." They could also "be a supernatural entity that causes diseases, or the disease itself." They could also "possess humans, causing madness." Interestingly, "philosophers generally saw daimons as exclusively good." However, they were also seen "as capricious creatures who needed sacrifices to mollify them," (Gershon, 2021, para. 2). This is supposedly a positive thing, but I have my doubts. The "Assyrian Christian theologian Tatian fully identified demons as the 'arch-rebel' Satan and the fellow angels who followed him into banishment." This happened in the "second half of the second century CE (A.D.)," (para. 17).
It should be noted that demons were angels! Even though I grew up Catholic, that never seemed to hit me until now. Homer also used the word to emphasize a deity's "activity." As we will see below, the activity of this entity fits perfectly with our modern interpretation of the word demon, which is evil. Hence, I call it the demon deity.
Links:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Demon:
https://www.britannica.com/
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Angel and demon:
https://www.britannica.com/
Gershon (2021):
https://daily.jstor.org/where-
2.2. What do demons do?
Now, what do demons do? Well, using the Bible, we learn that demons/unclean spirits possess people and other animals (Mark 5:1-13) (Matthew 12:22) (Luke 4:33-35) (John 10:19-21), cause blindness and make you mute (Matthew 12:22), and drive you insane (John 10:19-21). The Devil himself is a liar, and a murderer "from the beginning," (John 8:44).
Does the God of the Bible do any of these things? God lied to Adam about the Tree of Knowledge, saying that he would die if he ate the fruit from that tree. The serpent told Adam and Eve that they wouldn't die, and they didn't (especially Adam) after eating the fruit. As a result, God cursed Adam and the serpent, and caused Eve to have painful childbirths and to be "ruled over" by Adam (Genesis 2:15-17) (Genesis 3). God killed the entire human population, and every other animal on the Earth, with a flood. Only Noah and his family, and the creatures on the Ark, survived (Genesis 7:17-24). God hardened Pharaoh's heart, and the hearts of his servants, to perform his "'signs'" amongst the Egyptians. These signs were the plagues, like the plague of locusts (Exodus 10:1-20). Sounds like possession to me. God killed all of the firstborn of the Egyptians, their slaves, and their cattle (Exodus 12:29). God demands human sacrifice (Exodus 34:19) (Judges 11:29-40) (Nehemiah 10:34-36) (Matthew 26:26-28) (Hebrews 9:11-15) (Hebrews 10:10 [NASB] [NIV]) (Romans 3:21-26 [NASB] [NIV]) (Ephesians 2:11-16). God "opened the mouth" of Balaam's donkey, making it TALK to Balaam (Numbers 22:28-30). That definitely sounds like possession, and is one of the freakiest parts of the Bible. If God doesn't possess or kill something himself, he sends an angel or another spirit to do so for him. God sends a "tormenting spirit" to possess King Saul (1 Samuel 16:14), and an angel to kill Herod (Acts 12:23). The angel of the LORD was about to kill Balaam. The LORD (God) also "opened Balaam's eyes" in order to see the angel (Numbers 22:31-35). Sounds like possession by God, and attempted murder by his angel. Finally, God and one of his "'deceiving'" spirits conspire to possess the prophets of Ahab by putting the spirit "'in the mouths of all his prophets'," (1 Kings 22:19-23).
If God or one of his supernatural followers don't kill people, God commands his human followers to kill. In Numbers 31, God told Moses to kill the Midianites because they deceived the Israelites through Balaam. The Israelite soldiers spared the women though. Moses told them to kill all of the non-virgin women, but keep the virgin girls for themselves. He also commanded the soldiers to kill the young boys (Numbers 31:1-18). In 1 Samuel 15, Samuel tells King Saul that God commands him to kill the Amalekites, "both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey." The Israelites and Amalekites have been enemies since the Exodus. The Amalekites "obstructed" the Israelites' path during their journey (1 Samuel 15:1-3). Now, God is telling King Saul not to just kill the Amalekite soldiers. He wants Saul to kill children and infants! Saul spared the Kenites who were living with the Amalekites because they were benefactors to Israel during the Exodus (1 Samuel 15:6). Saul captured, but didn't kill, Agag the king of the Amalekites. He also saved the best of the livestock (1 Samuel 15:7-9). God was mad at Saul for this, and told Samuel to tell Saul that Saul was no longer king. Samuel then killed Agag himself (1 Samuel 15:10-end). As if that wasn't bad enough, God sent a spirit to torture Saul (1 Samuel 16:14). Isaiah said that God will have Babylonian children killed, and the wives raped, on the "day of the LORD," (Isaiah 13:6 and 16). Hosea said that the children of Samaria will be killed, and "their pregnant women will be ripped open," because they "rebelled against their God," (Hosea 13:16). God doesn't just kill his enemies. He tortures his own people. Religious people will tell you that the God of the Bible is pro-life. How can this God be pro-life if he kills unborn babies, children, and commands rape and human sacrifice? This God isn't pro-life. He committed abortions without remorse. Heck, God killed his own Son as a human sacrifice (Matthew 26:26-28) (Hebrews 9:11-15) (Hebrews 10:10 [NASB] [NIV]) (Romans 3:21-26 [NASB] [NIV]) (Ephesians 2:11-16).
The actions of the God of the Bible matches those of any other demon/unclean spirit. He even controls the demons/unclean spirits, making them do his bidding. Wouldn't this make the God of the Bible a demon himself? Or, wouldn't this make the actions of the God of the Bible demonic? Doesn't this mean that God is the Devil!? In fact, God said he creates "darkness" and "disaster" (Isaiah 45:7 [NASB]). In the King James Version, "disaster" is "evil" (Isaiah 45:7 [KJV]). God causes darkness, and disaster/evil. The Devil barely does anything evil in the whole Bible. God commits the evil through most of the book. God lied to Adam in the beginning, not the serpent. Usually, we think of the serpent as Satan/the Devil. The true Evil One is God himself, and his actions and words prove this!
Links:
John 8:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/john/8.htm
John 10:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/john/10.htm
Luke 4:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/luke/4.htm
Matthew 12:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/matthew/12.htm
Mark 5:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/mark/5.htm
Genesis 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/2.htm
Genesis 3:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/3.htm
Genesis 7:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/7.htm
Exodus 10:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/10.htm
Exodus 12:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/12.htm
Exodus 34:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/34.htm
Numbers 22:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/22.htm
Judges 11:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/judges/11.htm
Nehemiah 10:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/nehemiah/10.htm
1 Samuel 16:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_samuel/16.htm
Acts 12:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/acts/12.htm
Isaiah 45:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/acts/12.htm
-KJV:
https://biblehub.com/kjv/isaiah/45.htm
1 Kings 22:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/22.htm
Numbers 31:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/31.htm
1 Samuel 15:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_samuel/15.htm
Isaiah 13:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/isaiah/13.htm
Hosea 13:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hosea/13.htm
Matthew 26:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/matthew/26.htm
Hebrews 9:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hebrews/9.htm
Hebrews 10:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hebrews/10.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/hebrews/10.htm
Romans 3:
-NASB
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/romans/3.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/romans/3.htm
Ephesians 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/ephesians/2.htm
Part 3: Cronus-Saturn:
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:
As we have seen, the shining god is equated with the sun, and the planet Saturn. Saturn is also the name of a god, who is also called Cronus (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cronus, para. 1). The best representation of Cronus-Saturn is in the Greek religion. In the Greek religion, Cronus, also called Saturn in the Roman religion, is the son of Uranus and Gaea. At the behest of his mother Gaea, Cronus castrated Uranus and took his position as king. The weapon Cronus used to do this is the scythe, or harpe. This was to symbolize "separating heaven from earth" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cronus) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Uranus, para. 2). However, as stated above, Uranus is Saturn as well. Anu, another name for Uranus, betrayed the god Alalu (the first god and "a god of the earth") to take over the throne (Bachvarova, 2013 [in Chavalas, 2013], p. 274) (Livinstone, 2002, p. 89) (The Melammu Project, Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1)). In the Kumarbi myth, Anu is castrated by Kumarbi (The Melammu Project, Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1)) (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2020 edition], p. 58). In the Phoenician religion, Ouranus ("heaven") is the son of Elion and Beruth. He was later castrated by his son Elus-Ilus-Cronus (Sanchoniatho, Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], pp. 28-29, and 34). In the Greek religion, Cronus is later defeated by his son Zeus (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cronus, para. 2). Uranus-Cronus-Zeus are the same deity, as mentioned previously. Saturn's name means "time," (Franklin, 1788; in Franklin, 1788, Vol. 7 p. 228) (Walshe, 1878; in Watts and Foote, 1878, Vol. 1-2 p. 59).
Interestingly, Plato gave an opposing account for the origin of Saturn. According to him, Saturn wasn't the son of Heaven (Uranus) and Earth (Gaia). Saturn, and his wife Cybele, were born "'from the waters of the great deep.'" The deep was also called "Ocean/Oceanus and Thetis," (Franklin, 1784; in Franklin, 1788, Vol. 7 p. 228) (Walshe, 1878; in Watts and Foote, 1878, Vol. 1-2 p. 58), which personified "the Ocean and Rivers," (Walshe, 1878; in Watts and Foote, 1878, Vol. 1-2 p. 58). So, Saturn is either the son of Uranus or he was born out of the ocean. Franklin (1784) also said that Saturn was the oldest god (in Franklin, 1788, Vol. 7 p. 228), which matches him being the supreme god. Uranus, who is Saturn's father, is also Saturn, as we have seen previously. Therefore, it would make sense that Saturn is the oldest god.
Saturn also foretold that so much rain would fall that a "vessel," or an "ark," would be needed to survive the rainfall. The boat would be needed to save "men, beasts, birds, and reptiles," (Franklin, 1788; in Franklin, 1788, Vol. 7 p. 228) (Walshe, 1878; in Watts and Foote, 1878, Vol. 1-2 p. 58-59).
Cronus was also the god Zeus. He was called Zeus Laphystios, Zeus Lycaeus, and Baal (Brown, 1898, pp. 118, 146-147) (Brown, 1902, p. 127) (Frazer, 1913, Vol. 9 p. 353) (Hutchinson, 1901, p. 13). It is said that human sacrifices were offered to Zeus Laphystios (Stoll, 1852, pp. 22-23) (Brown, 1899, p. 197), and Zeus Lycaeus (Frazer, 1913, Vol. 9 p. 353). Zeus Laphystios also seems to have been associated with the ram, which was a solar symbol (Brown, 1899, pp. 197-198). Both Saturn and Jupiter were called Deus. Saturn was called Deus Latius or Latens ("'hiding god'"), while Jupiter was Deus Latiaris. Both gods were the "God of Latium," (Robertson, 1900, p. 246) (Cudworth, 1845, Vol. 2 p. 212). St. Austin, also called St. Austin of Canterbury, said "that according to this Varronian notion of Saturn likewise, the Pagan Jupiter and Saturn were really but one and the same Numen," (Cudworth, 1845, Vol. 2 p. 213) (St. Austin Catholic Church and School, Who is St. Austin? And Why is Our Parish Named in His Honor?, para. 2). In the Middle Eastern pantheon, the gods Enlil (Cronus) and Marduk (Zeus) are equated by the number 50. Another god named Ninurta was equated to the numbers 40, the number of the gods Ea and Nabu, and 50 the number of Enlil and Marduk (Rollig, 1971, p. 500 [German]) (Parpola, 1993, p. 182 notes 87-88) (Toorn, 1999; in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842). Ninurta was also Kronos (Cronus) (Long, 1987 [2015 edition], p. 151 note 43). This cements Cronus and Zeus as being the same individual.
In the Jewish and Christian religions, Cronus-Saturn is the Archangel Cassiel, who is associated with the planet Saturn (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Archangel Cassiel's astrological, and geomantic, signs are Capricorn and Aquarius (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). Capricorn is an astrological sign that is represented by a half goat, and half fish. As for the design of the creature, "One explanation of the fishtail with which the goat is often represented is found in the Greek myth of Pan," who turned into the creature in order "to avoid the monster Typhon," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Capricorn, para. 1). According to Woolfolk (2011), the goat is the symbol of Capricorn (p. 28), but "The older symbol" was "the mythical Sea-Goat," (p. 79). The Archangel Uriel, who is the god Uranus, is also represented by Aquarius for his geomantic sign, and his special day is Saturday (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Uriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences) (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Uriel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols). Cassiel's special day is Saturday as well (Archangels and Angels, Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences). Uranus and Cronus are the same deity.
Links:
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:
https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cronus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cronus
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Uranus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uranus-mythology
Bachvarova (2013) (in Chavalas, 2013) (P. 274):
Livingstone (2002) (P. 89):
https://books.google.com/books?id=1nhO28Gm0sAC&pg=PA89&dq=anu+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk-deSkP39AhWXEVkFHQZzBwAQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20ouranos&f=false
The Melammu Project. Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1):
http://www.melammu-project.eu/database/gen_html/a0001230.html
Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (PP. 13 and 168):
-2020 edition (P. 168):
https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=US&focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&q&f=false
-2021 edition (P. 348):
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_cassiel.html
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Capricorn:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Capricorn
Woolfolk (2011) (PP. 28 and 79):
Brown (1898):
Brown (1899) (PP. 197-198):
Brown (1902) (P. 127):
Stoll (1852) (PP. 22-23):
Robertson (1900) (P. 246):
Cudworth (1845) (Vol. 2 pp. 212-213):
St. Austin Catholic Church and School. Who is St. Austin? And Why is Our Parish Named in His Honor?:
Franklin (1784; in Franklin, 1788, Vol. 7):
-V2:
Walshe (1878; in Watts and Foote, 1878) (Vol. 1-2 p. 58):
https://books.google.com/books?id=UnsIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA353&dq=Kronos%C2%A0Lycaeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXweDipeCJAxViEVkFHSc-KzQQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Kronos%C2%A0Lycaeus&f=false
Hutchinson (1901) (P. 13):
Rollig (1971) (P. 500):
-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):
Parpola (1993):
https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater
Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 842):
Long (1987 [2015 edition], p. 151 note 43):
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Uriel:
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_uriel.html
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
3.1. Ea: Saturn in the Middle East:
Ea on the Adda Seal (The British Museum, cylinder seal [The Adda Seal]):
The full seal:
Ea is the second male deity from the right with the eagle/Zu bird on his right arm, the bull in between his legs, and the streams of water with fish coming out of his body (The British Museum, cylinder seal [The Adda Seal], Description).
According to Margoliouth (1868), Ea is usually in a triad, or trinity, made up of Anu, Enlil, and himself. However, Ea's religion is way older. Margoliouth quotes Professor Maspero in saying that Ea was "'the most active and energetic member of the triad.'" In fact, "'Anu and Bel (Enlil), together with all the living creatures,' had sprung from Ea," (in The Contemporary Review, Vol. 74, pp. 584-585). Margoliouth said that Ea would've been the top god instead of Anu if it wasn't for the "political motives and 'local vanity' (that) had not proved too strong for the theologians of the day," (p. 585).
The Tetragrammaton (Ortlepp, 2010, p. 41), or YHVH (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3068. Yhvh [Yehovah]) (Bible Hub, Strong’s Hebrew. 3069. Yhvh [Yehoveh]) comes in many forms: "Ya," "Yaw," "Yahu," and "Yah" (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Biglino, 2013, p. 63). From what I've found, it's also spelled as YHWH. There are also two main spellings of it: "YHW" and "YHWH." The spelling of the name as "YHW" is found on a Judean coin from the 4th century BC (399-300 BC) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). YHW is also found on a "folded lead tablet" that contained a curse proclaimed by the god. The tablet dates back to the "Late Bronze Age II" (Stripling et al., 2023, Abstract; Paleographic analysis of the "Inner B" inscription). The date given by the authors is the middle-late 13th century BC (1250-1200 BC) (The archaeological context, para. 1-2). Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) said that YHW means "Yaw," and that the translation of the name as "Yahweh" or "Jehovah" never existed (p. 43).
According to Ortlepp (2011), the spelling of the name as "YHWH" is the proper one because it has been written the most. YHW, and even YH, are not the proper spelling. As for archeological finds, the spelling of the name can be seen on the Mesha stele, which dates to the 9th century BC (p. 41) (Biblical Archeology Society, 2013, para. 3). The Mesha stele is also called the Moabite stone (Biblical Archeology Society, 2013, Biblical Artifacts Found Outside the Trench: The Moabite Stone, para. 3). The stele/stone helped the tetragrammaton to be known by Israel's and Judah's neighbors (Drummond, 2023, para. 6). Interestingly, the Mesha stele is later (9th century BC) than the Late Bronze Age 2 tablet's spelling of the god's name (13th century BC)...
An older spelling of the name, "YHW3," was found in Egypt from 1390-1352 BC. This form of the name is associated with a people called the Shasu (Fleming, 2020, Ch. 2 p. 23). It was found in a temple of Amun-Ra in Soleb (Kennedy, 2019, p. 175 and p. 176 Figure 1; pp. 183-184 Figures 5-6a). However, the spelling of the name could also be YHW (Najovits, 2003, p. 198) (Murdock, 2014, p. 186), or YHWA (Hen, 2021, p. 4). Kennedy (2019) said that YHWH was also spelled "I-H-W3-3," and Shasu was spelled "S3SW" (p. 177). Clarke (2005) spells YHWH as "IHUH" or "YHUH" (Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt). Massey (1907) also stated that the Tetragrammaton in Egyptian was IHUH (Vol. 1, pp. 498-499, and 519). "S3SW" and "YHW3" (IHW33) were also found at Amara from the early 13th century BC (1400 BC) (Kennedy, 2019, pp. 177 and 189). It seems that the tetragrammaton (YHVH, YHWH, YHW3, and IHW33) is older than YHW. The "3," or two commas, is Egyptian in origin (Hen, 2021, p. 4). It's unknown precisely what it sounded like, but comparing it to the Semitic dialect, it probably made an "R" and "J" sound (Peust, 1999, p. 127 [in Gottingen, 1999]).
As for trying to pronounce the name properly, nobody seems to know how to do that (Drummond, 2023, para. 4-5). However, given the fact that Israelites used this god's name in their own names (Ex.: Elijah, Jeremiah, etc.), then that might be a way of saying the name (para. 4). Using "Yaw" as inspiration, I'm assuming the pronunciation is "Jah/Iah." A very helpful tip comes from an Egyptian god named Iah (Hart, 2005, p. 77). Also spelled "Iu" in Egyptian, this god had the same name as YHWH as Iah (Massey, 1907 [2013 edition], Vol. 1, p. 501). Iah (pronounced "Yah") is also found in the Ars Goetia Corpus, a supposed magic book belonging to King Solomon (Karnas, 2020, Sayfa 5, Presentation). As for the "WH" in the name, or "W3," it seems that it was pronounced as "U" (Clarke, 2005, Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt):
Pic 1:
Pic 2:Parke-Taylor (1975 [2006 edition]) said that several pronunciations have been put forth. YH was "IH," Egyptian for "moon," and WH was "one." The whole name in Egyptian was "Yah-We," but "Yah-Weh" in Semitic. This was put forth by Norman Walker. However, both Friedrich Delitzsch and John Allegro say that YHWH came from the Babylonian, and Akkadian, word "IA-U" (p. 49). Iah's name in Egyptian is also "IH" (Garcia-Fernandez, 2017, p. 222, Abstract). The Greek version of the name is IAO (Diodorus Sicullus, The Library of History, Book 1, Ch. 94, Section 2) (Massey, 1907 [2013 edition], Vol. 1, p. 506).If IH (YH) is "Iah" (Garcia-Fernandez, 2017, p. 222, Abstract) (Massey, 1907, p. 498) and WH is "U" (Clarke, 2005) (Parke-Taylor, 1975 [2006 edition], p. 49 [Akkadian form of YHWH]). Therefore, the name could be spelled, and pronounced, as "Iahu." This was stated in Massey (1907) (Vol. 1, pp. 498-499). Another form of this is "Yahu" (Biglino, 2013, p. 63) (Romer, 2015, pp. 30 and 32) or Yaho (Romer, 2015, pp. 30-32). "Yah[u]" is in Isaiah's name, based on a bulla discovered with his name on it (Shuster, 2018, para. 6). It seems that the Egyptian form of the Tetragrammaton is IHW33, while the Hebrew version of the name is YHW3/YHWH.
However, after looking at the Soleb inscription of the Tetragrammaton myself, and after spending weeks trying to read Egyptian hieroglyphs and learn Hebrew, it seems that the Egyptian Tetragrammaton is actually "YH3U," "YH3W," or "YH3O."
Egyptian Tetragrammaton inscription from the Amon-Ra temple in Soleb (Kennedy, 2019, p. 183 Figure 5):
As for yod and hei in the Tetragrammaton, it spelled out "Yah," (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3050. Yah):
According to Garrett and DeRouchie (2009 [2019 edition]), the mater (matres) lectionis "does not count as a consonant or close a syllable," but "is simply a vowel," (Ch. 2: Pointed Vowel Letters and the Silent Shewa, E. The Basics of Syllable Division):
Joshua, spelled Yehoshua (or Yehoshua') in Hebrew, has yod, hei, and vav, in it. The name originated "from Yhvh and yasha" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3091. Yehoshua [Yehoshua'], Strong's Concordance; NAS Exhaustive Concordance):YHWH is typically spelled as "Yahweh", and "Jehovah" (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], pp. 5 and 7) (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). However, Yahweh and Jehovah "never existed," according to Langston (1931 [1964 reprint]). Yaw/Yah was extended to be "Yahweh." The vowels from the word "Adonai" were put on the name, and that's how we get "Jehovah" (pp. 42-43). Romer (2015) said that Yahweh has a "more recent origin than 'Yaho' or 'Yahu'," (p. 32). In the Tanakh ("Old Testament"), Yahavah's name is usually translated as "I am who I am" (Exodus 3:14 [NASB]), or "ehyeh asher ehyeh" in Hebrew (Bible Hub, Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]). As stated before, ehyeh means "I am" and ehyeh is Ea. He is also called "The LORD" and "The Lord God" (Jeremiah 1 footnote a [NASB]). However, Paul Tice says that Jehovah was an angel called Sabaoth (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], p. 15). Sabaoth means "Lord of Hosts" (1 Samuel 4:4 [BSB]), or "Lord of Armies" (1 Samuel 4:4 [NASB]) (Zechariah 13:2 and 7 [NASB]). Jehovah was a cherubim, also known as "shining ones," and they were led by the angel Gabriel. Jehovah had the same power, or status, as Gabriel, due to being in the middle/above the cherubim (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], p. 15) (1 Samuel 4:4 [BSB and NASB]). Another name for Jehovah is Samael, which means "blind god" (Tice, 1997 [2007 edition], p. 51). Samael is a particularly dangerous equation because he is Satan in Judaism (Jewish Virtual Library, Samael)! Samael is also the name of Yaldabaoth in the Gnostic text The Apocryphon of John. What's also scary about this is that Yaldabaoth, in the text, does everything that Yahavah does in the Tanakh. However, Yaldabaoth is also the bad guy in the text!
As to what Yahavah looks like, we have several artifacts that depict him. The first is a silver Judean coin from the 4th century B.C. It depicts the deity with the name "Yehud"/"yhd" (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) said that the name is "YHW," which means "Yaw" (p. 43). Cook (1914) also says the three words are "YHW" (Vol. 1 p. 232). It would be "YHV," using the modern spelling of the name. This would be "Yahav." Interestingly, Yahav is depicted as a man with a beard and a robe, and is seated on a wheel. Either Yahav has wings, or the wheel has wings (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3; Judean Coin). Both Langdon and Cook say that it's a winged wheel (Langdton, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43) (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1 p. 232). There is also a falcon, (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, para. 3), or a hawk (Langdton, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 43), or an eagle/hawk (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 232), sitting on Yahav's arm.
Fontanille et al., (2023) gives a very descriptive history of the interpretation of the inscription on the coin. The coin was "reportedly found in Gaza," (p. 148). Originally, it was confirmed to have been "YHW." However, scholarship has tried to prove that the letters are "YHD" instead. The most recent decision on the lettering declares that the letters could've been either YHW, or YHD (pp. 130-131). As for where it was made, Fontanille et al. said that it was made in Philistia. However, other authors state that it was made in Judah (pp. 131, 140, and 148). Fontanille et al. said that the bird was a "hawk or a falcon," (pp. 143 and 145). The dating of the coin seems to be anywhere from the "late fifth century BCE," to 361 B.C. (pp. 136-137). Finally, the authors say that, although the deity on the coin could be "other celestial gods," the deity is "consistent with the nature of Yahweh," (pp. 145-146). The Philistian authors of the coin probably based their design of the deity on their own god Baal Shamen. Both Yahweh (Yahavah), and Baal Shamen, shared "celestial and solar attributes, so that they were essentially indistinguishable as implied by their similar epithets." Zeus Olympios was also "identified with Baal Shamen." Yahweh (Yahavah) was equated to Baal Shamen in Samaria during "the time of King Ahab," and "by the Yahwists in Elephantine." Baal Shamen is also in the "Aramaic Ahiqar" version of Proverb 13 (p. 148).
Yehud/yhd (Yhv/Yahav) on the Judean Coin (Hulster, n.d., What Did Yahweh Look Like?, Judean Coin):
Description of coin (para. 3):Description of coin (Judean Coin):Langston (1931 [1964 reprint])'s description of the coin (p. 43):The third depiction of Yahavah comes from a coin from "the Persian period" of Gaza. It depicts Yaw (Yav-Yahavah) and the goddess "'Ashtart-'Anat'" (Astarte-Anat) together (called "'Ashtart-Yaw'" by Langdon) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 44 Figure 24):
King Hezekiah's (left) and Isaiah's (right) bullae/seals (Ngo, 2018):
Seth on magical gem; intaglio (British Museum, magical gem; intaglio):Gem from Litwa (2019) (P. 32 Figure 1.2):
Let's explore the other names of Ea below:
1.) Enlil (Dagan-Ninib-Assur-Bel):
El is described as a "'bull' with powerful horns and a thick white beard" (Caquot and Sznycer 1980, p. 12) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, El, para. 2). Hmm. A bull god that rules over bull spirits or demons? How ironic. El as the bull was a symbol of his "procreative powers" (Pope, 1955, p. 35). Lewis (2020) shows a "bronze figurine of a muscular bull" that probably represented Ilu (El). It came from Ugarit (Lewis, 2020, p. 159 Figure 5.32):
It has also been stated that El being equated with the bull cemented his status as the leader of the gods. It was also a symbol for senior members of the pantheon (Lewis, 2020, pp. 154-155). Typhos/Set-Typhon was represented by the "Golden Bull" (Dunlap, 1894, pp. 196 and 228 note 2). Sounds like the golden calf from Exodus. The golden calf was said to have been the "gods" who delivered Israel out of Egypt (Exodus 32:4). Natan (2006) said that Il/El was a moon god (Vol. 2, p. 391). Rev. Taylor (1833) said that Jehovah, Jupiter, Adonis, Ammon, Hercules, Osiris, Dionysus, Aesculapius, Apollo, Phoebus, Bacchus, Pluto, and Baal, Bel, and El Belus, represented the sun (p. 340). El was Kronos, "Bel and Bolaten," "Abel (Abelios)," "Hael (Hel)," Aelios/"Helios (the Sun)," Apollon/Apollo, "Saturn and Sol," Horus, Dionysus, and Set (Setel/Set-El/El Sadi [El Shadday]) (Dunlap, 1894, pp. 5, 74, and 228 note 2). Il (El) was equated to Ra, and Asshur (Rawlinson, 1882, pp. 50-51). In Egypt, the Hyksos equated El with the god Re (Ra) Har-akhty (Seters, 1966, p. 178).
Cronus was also called Zeus, under the name Zeus Laphystios. He was also Baal (Brown, 1898, pp. 118, 146-147) (Brown, 1902, p. 127). It is said that human sacrifices were offered to Zeus Laphystios (Stoll, 1852, pp. 22-23) (Brown, 1899, p. 197). Zeus Laphystios also seems to have been associated with the ram, which was a solar symbol (Brown, 1899, pp. 197-198). Zeus was called Iw/Io, Kouros the son of Kronos, and was the leader of daimones/demons (Kershaw, 1997, pp. 160-161).
Allah is the god of Islam. The name means "the" (al-) "God" (Ilah), which comes together as Allah. The name "is probably a contraction," and derives from "il, el, and eloah, the latter two used in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Allah, para. 1-2). Ilah came from "aliha"/"Ya’lahu" in pre-Islamic times. The “i” in Al-ilah was dropped over time to form the name Allah (Rafiabadi, 2003, p. 202). Harwood (2017) said that "Al" was "sometimes transcribed as El," and "allahiym is usually transcribed as elohim," (p. vii). In the Jewish language, El is spelled with an alef. This would've made the spelling of the name as "'Al" (or "Aal") (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 410. el):
'Al is the name of Enlil in the Jewish religion, while in the Islamic religion he's called Allah.
Just like Anum and Enlil, Il/El/Ilah/Allah is also associated with the moon (Natan, 2006, Vol. 2, p. 391). Wake (1870) said that the moon was worshipped before the sun, and that Saturn/El/Ra, represented the moon first (p. 214). The holy book of Islam is the Qur'an (Palmer, 2017, Introduction [p. 1]). The god of the Bible was also the god of the Qur'an.
Bois (2010) said that "Enlil and Enki are probably variations of the same god (Ea)" (p. 363 note 370). Bois also says that Enki was '''The Savage Bull of Sky and Earth,'" and Enllil was called "the Wild Ox that destroys through hurricane and flood." Enki, as a result, "must sometimes be a lunar god." The bull was also a symbol of the solar god and the sun (p. 363; note 370). This would make both Enlil and Enki sun gods.
Bois (2010) (P. 363 [Enki as the "Savage Bull"]):
P. 363 note 370 (Enlil and Enki were the same god called Ea; Enllil was "The Wild Ox"):
To my surprise, there are deeper connections between Ea and Enlil than I thought. There seems to have been a rivalry between the cities of Eridu and Nippur. Nippur and Eridu were the first two Babylonian cities. Nippur was the Northern Babylonian city, and Eridu was the Southern city. Eventually, the two cities merged (Spence, 1916 [2010 edition], pp. 14-15) (Kramer, 1972, p. viii). As for Enki, he lost the battle against Enlil in terms of dominance, and he was called Enlilbanda (Kramer, 1972, p. viii). Enlilbanda seems to have different meanings. Enlilbanda could mean "'Junior Enlil'" (Kramer, 1972, p. viii) (Frayne and Stuckley, 2021, p. 96) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea [god], Ea’s creatures: Name and Spellings). Another possible meaning comes from the "Akkadian prayer entitled 'Enlil of Intelligence.'" In the prayer, Enki is called "Enlilbanda, the skilled, the blessed..." Therefore, Enlilbanda means "Enlil of Intelligene" (Kalugila, 1980, p. 41; note 18). Regardless of its meaning, Cohen (2013) said that Enlilbanda was "the craftsman god," and "a nickname of Ea," (p. 117). Frayne and Stuckley (2021) said that Enlilbanda was "One of the names of Enki/Ea," (p. 96). Eridu's culture would eventually turn into Babylon's (Spence, 1916 [2010 edition], pp. 14-15).
Karatepe inscriptions (Yakubovick, 2010; in Cohen et al., 2010, pp. 391):
I should note that the name "I-ia" would come out as Ia. Thus, another spelling of the name Ea is Ia. This would be the Phoenician spelling of his name.
CEKKE inscription (Yakubovick, 2010; in Cohen et al., 2010, p. 393):
According to Matthiae (2020), there are "Old Syrian glyptics from the first half of the second millennium BC" that shows El "with the same attributes as Enki, bearing overflowing pots of water, or with subterranean waters flowing from this figure," (Ch. 5. Early Syrian religion, the Red Temple, and the Temple of the Rock):
Since Ninurta is Cronus, and was the seated god with an overflowing vase, this would equate him to being both Ea and Enlil. Better yet, Rollig (1971) said that Enlil, Marduk, Ninurta, and Ea, were equated to the number 50 (p. 500 [German]). Parpola (1993) said that Enlil, Marduk, and Ninurta, were equated to 50. Ninurta was also the number 40, just like Ea (p. 182 notes 87-88). Toorn (1999) said that Ninurta was 40 (in Toorn et al., 1999, p. 842). On the "An = Anum Tablet Forerunner CBS 331," and on Tablet 1 of the An = Anum list, Ninurta is equated to the number 40, also called d40 and dnimin (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 64, 82, 99, 282, 434, 699, 721, and 753) (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 45, 47, and 87-88). Plus, Ninurta and Ea share the name dzi-zi-da (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 82, 114, 282, and 357) (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 pp. 45 and 87). This would make Ea and Ninurta the same god. Finally, Litke said that Ninurta was equated to IM (Adad), Nabu, and Marduk (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 44 note 205). In total, Enlil, Marduk, Ea, Ninurta, Nabu, and Adad, are the same individual.
As if that wasn't interesting enough, Ea was probably Enlil's father! On the An =Anum list, the god Lugaldukuga, equated to the god "a.a. Enlillake," is the father of Enlil (Litke, 1998; from Hallo, 1998, Vol. 3 p. 37; note 147). According to Horowitz (1998), on the "Late Babylonian tablet from Sippar," called CT 13 35-38, the incantation called The Bilingual Creation of the World by Marduk seems to state that Lugaldukuga was "Enki/Ea" (pp. 129-130). On CT 41 39, "Lugaldukuga is identified as Ea." Marduk is the son of Ea. Also, this incantation suggests that "Enki, rather than Marduk, fashioned the world," (Horrowitz, 1998, pp. 129-130). If Lugaldukuga was Ea, then this could mean that Ea was considered to be the father of Enlil-Marduk! But at the same time, Ea was also equated to Enlil-Marduk. It would be much easier just to say that all these deities were the same entity.
Map of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah (Jewish Virtual Library, The Two Kingdoms of Israel):
I think it's necessary to figure out how Ea got so many different names. From what I've been able to find, Ea's different names came from the different people that worshipped him. The names of the tribes usually came from the deities, or a family leader. For example, as stated above, the Ammonites worshipped Baal. There was a god named Baal Ammon. Therefore, this must've been how the Ammonites received their name. On the other hand, the Semites received their name from a man named Shem, a son of Noah (Bible Hub, Topical Bible, Semites, 1. Biblical References; 3. Original Home of the Semites). Now, let's use this method to see which Hebrew tribe worshipped which form of Yahavah.
Before, I said that Yahavah sounds like the best way to say the Tetragrammaton. This is based on three of the four letters being in the words "Yehudi" (Yahavahudiy/Jewish/Jews) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3064. Yehudi) and "Yehudah" (Yahavadah/Judah) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3063. Yehudah). This can help us understand where the Jews got their name: The Yahavadiy (Jews) worshipped the god Yahavah (Ea), and they lived in the land of Yahavadah (Judah).
Tetragrammaton (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3068. Yhvh ["Yehovah"]):
Yehudi (Jewish/Jews) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3064. Yehudi):
Yehudah (Judah) (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 3063. Yehudah):
The tribe of Yahavadah named themselves, and their land, after their god. I believe that Judah was a continuation of the Eridu religion.
Now, let's talk about Israel. I believe that this name is derived from the god El, who is Enlil. According to Friedman (2015), the people of Israel worshipped the god El originally. The Levites worshipped Yahweh (Yahavah). When the Levites left Egypt during the Exodus and met the Israelites, both groups identified El and Yahweh as being the same deity (The Significance of God Revealing the Name YHWH in the Levitical Sources). Fleming (2020) that a "particular link between El and Israel [...] would go back at least to the the late 13th century," and that the Israelites served him. In fact, an altar made to El by Jacob in Shechem had the inscription "El Elohe Yisra'el," meaning "'El, god of Israel.'" This phrase can be seen in Genesis 33:20 (p. 251) (Genesis 33:20). Wright (2009) mentioned this inscription as well, and came to the same conclusion (Ch. 4). Smith (2001) said that it has been proposed that El was the original god of Israel because "El" is in the name "IsraEL." He also stated that "some evidence may point to El as the god associated with the Exodus from Egypt in some early biblical tradition," (Ch. 7 abstract). This makes sense because Yahavah said that he was originally known as El Shadday in Exodus 6:2-3. Also, in the Hearst Medical Papyrus, El Elyon was blamed for sending a disease ("black skin lesions") upon the Egyptians when they were fighting the Hyksos. The only other deity on the side of the Hyksos was Seth/Baal Haddu, whom the Hyksos worshipped. In the Rhind Papyrus and Tempest Stele, Seth/Baal Haddu caused storms while the Hyksos were losing to the Egyptians (Weinstein, 2021, Native Egyptian Overthrow of the Hyksos 15th Dynasty: 3. Natural Disasters). Enlil was the god of the Exodus! Not only that, he was the god Seth!
It has been said that the word "el" could also be a generic name for a god (Smith, 2001, p. 135) (Wright, 2009, Ch. 3) (Romer, 2015, p. 72) (Fleming, 2020, p. 251). However, Romer (2015) demonstrated that the name "el" in Israel is the proper name of the deity El (pp. 72-73), and that El was the original god of Israel before Yhwh (Jeu) came along (p. 74). Wright (2009) said that Yahweh (Yahavah) said he was called El before (El Shadday), and the personal names of people with the name "el" in it referred to the actual god named El (Ch. 4). In summation, the El in the Bible is the deity El (Enlil) himself.
Interestingly, Smith (2001) said that the name El appears in personal names of people in Amarna (p. 135). Amarna is the city built by the pharaoh Akhenaten that was dedicated to the sun god Aten. The city was originally called Akhetaten, the "Horizon of the Aten" (Stevens, n.d., para. 7-8). This could help to establish that Aten and El were seen as being the same deity as well, along with Yahavah.
In summation, El (Enlil) was the original name of the god of Israel. This coincides with Exodus 6:2-3. Enlil was the god of the Exodus too. I believe that Israel was the continuation of the Nippur religion.
Melqart was also the god of the sea, and "sea-faring men," in Phoenicia and Greece. As a sun god, his resurrection was celebrated in Tyre and Macedonia during the months of February and/or March. He seems be reborn during this festival. Apparently, this created the celebration of "dies natalis Solis invicti, 'Natal day of the unconquerable sun'" in Syria. This celebration is similar to the resurrection of Bel-Marduk in Babylon, and Baal-Adonis of Gebal. Marduk's resurrection happened at the "New Year festival," (pp. 51-52). As stated before, Claus (1972) said that the father god is the "dying, setting sun," while the son represents the "youthful, rising sun" that "arises like the phoenix in the ashes of the elder, in a continual process of dying and return." Claus uses the gods "Tamuz-Adon" (Tammuz-Adon)/Melkart (father), and Hadad/Baal Shamen (son) as examples. The father god is in the underworld, but when he leaves he is reborn as his son (Vol. 4 p. 46). If Yahavah was depicted like Melqart-Baal Hammon on coins, then that means those two gods are the same individual. The hippocampus was also the animal of Poseidon (Scales, 2009, Ch. 1 [p. 6]). Melqart-Baal Hammon was Poseidon! We already know that Poseidon was Ea, so Melqart-Baal Hammon is definitely Ea. In fact, Ea, Melqart-Baal Hammon, Tammuz-Adonis, Hadad, and Shamen, were the same god as well.
Anum is d60 (or just 60) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, An/Anu: Name and Spellings: Written forms):
Ea-Enki is d40 and d60 (or just 40 and 60) (University of Pennsylvania, ORACC, Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses, Enki/Ea: Name and Spellings: Written forms):Baal statue (AO 11598) (Louvre Collections, Figurine: AO 11598):
The Moon (NASA Science Space Place, All About the Moon):Sin is "the god of the moon" in the "Mesopotamian religion." His "Sumerian name" is "Nanna." Sin is the father of Shamash-Utu, and sometimes Ishtar-Inanna. Sin originally was represented by the full moon, but then later as the crescent moon. The crescent moon represented "the horns of a great bull," which coincides with Nanna being "intimately connected with the cattle herds that were the livelihood of the people in the marshes of the Euphrates River, where the cult developed." Nanna's cult city was Ur. As for his looks, "Sin was represented as an old man with a flowing beard-a wise an unfathomable god-wearing a headdress of four horns surmounted by a crescent moon," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sin).
Bois (2010) (P. 363 [Enki as the "Savage Bull"]):
P. 363 note 370 (Enlil and Enki were the same god called Ea; Enllil was "The Wild Ox"):
There also seems to be a relationship between Sin and Sinai. Sinai is the mountain where Yahavah gave Moses the Ten Commandments (Exodus 24:12-18). Knohl (2010) said that in Psalm 68:9, the phrase "'God, he is Sinai,'" is given. He concludes that, along with other examples, "'Sinai' is one of the names of God." Both "'Sin' and 'Sinai' appear in close proximity in the Torah." Sin's city, Haran, is "whence, according to biblical tradition, where the patriarchs originated," (p. 86). This is actually in Psalm 68:8 (NIV, ESV, BSV, and CSV). Natan (2006) quotes Encyclopaedia Britannica, stating that "The name Sinai" is "derived from the original name [...] of the moon-god Sin," (Vol. 1 p. 337). Rev. Sayce (1897) said that "Sinai and Sin alike derived their names from Sin, the moon-god of Babylonia," (p. 188). Hart (2005) said that the Egyptian moon god Iah probably originated from the Hyksos who immigrated into Egypt. They "may well have looked for a lunar deity analogous to the Akkadian moon-god Sin who had an important temple at Haran in north Syria." Sin was described "as a 'young bull... with strong horns' (i.e. the tips of the crescent moon)." An "Egyptian equivalent of the epithet" is probably "Kamose ('the bull is born')," (p. 77).
Farbridge (1923) said that Nannar has been described "as the 'bull of Anu'," (p. 200). An-Anum-Anu is also the name of Sin. Enlil's "attributes, names, etc.," were also given to Sin (Radau, 1904; in Carus, 1904, p. 92 note 4).
In Psalm 81, the trumpet is blown "at the new moon" on the "feast day" of Israel. It was "a statute for Israel," and "An ordinance of the God of Jacob," (Psalm 81:3-4). The "new moon," or "new moon feast," in mentioned in 1 Samuel 20:5, 18, and 24 (NASB and NIV). Iao is a demon represented by the moon in the Gnostic Phibionite religion (Epiphaneus, Panarion [Williams, 2009 translation], Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 [P. 98]) (Litwa, 2019, p. 32).
Sin has an unusual relationship with the top three deities of Sumer: Anum, Ea, and Enlil. When the moon "progresses through his various stages ('crescent,' 'kidney,' and 'crown'), he assumes the powers or functions of An, Ea, and Enlil (in that order)." This means that Sin is "merely an aspect or manifestation" of those gods (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 32 and 293). On the Shorter An = Anum list, Sin is equated to the "powers" (par-su-su) of Anum, Enlil, and Ea (pp. 276, 293, and 497).
Sin and Ea are the same god. In fact, Sin is an "aspect or manifestation" of Ea, Enlil, and Anum. This makes Ea the moon god, and the father of Samas and Ishtar. This coincides with Anum being the father of Ishtar, and Zeus being the father of Aphrodite, as stated above.
Ishtar-Inanna standing on the back of a lion on the Seal, Cylinder A27903 (Akkadian period) (University of Chicago, Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Africa and North Africa, Seal, Cylinder [A27903]):
Asherah figurine drawing (Feldt, 2007, p. 90 Figure 2):
Asherah figurine ("Nude female figure") (MET Museum, Nude female figure) (Also mentioned in Patai, 1968 as being Asherah [p. 65 Figure 1]):
Asherah had her own trinity. It consisted of Qudshu/Qadesh, Astarte, and Anat, and comes from the Triple Goddess Stone from Egypt (Picknett and Prince, 2019, pp. 161-162) (Irwin, 1999, p. 220). Qadesh is Asherah (Picknett and Prince, 2019, p. 161). This would make Asherah, Astarte, and Anat, the same deity. Astarte was a moon goddess (Wright, 1901, p. 448), and was blended with Anat to become the goddess Atargatis (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Anath, para. 3). Anat was worshipped alongside YHW (Yahav) in Elephantine, and was likely Yahweh's (Yahavah) consort (Cornell, 2019, para. 4-5) (Mondriann, 2013, pp. 537 and 550) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], p. 44). Anat was also called "'the Virgin,'" and was the "goddess of love and war" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Anath, para. 1-2). Interestingly, Athena was also the "goddess of war," and "virginity was attributed to her very early," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Athena, para. 1 and 3). I think Anat and Athena might be the same goddess. Asherah was also called "Elat." Elat is the female version of the masculine name "El" (Feldt, 2007, p. 96) (Ide, 1991, p. 33).
Triple Goddess Stone from Egypt depicting Qudshu/Qadesh (Edwards, 1955; retrieved from Wikipedia):
Venus de Milo (150-125 B.C.) (Louvre Museum) by Shonagon (Wikipedia):
8.) Dumuzi:
Tammuz (1,500 B.C.) (Staatliche Museum zu Berlin) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tammuz):
Dumuzi-Abzu was both a goddess, and a god. In Eridu, he was the son of Enki-Ea and the god of the Steppe (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dumuzi-Abzu). Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana was the Dumuzi of the Steppe, and the "young bridegroom" of Inanna-Ishtar (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana). Dumuzi was also called Tammuz. The spelling of the name Tammuz was based on the "early Sumerian Damu-zid," which later became "Dumu-zid or Dumuzi." Tammuz was the son of Enki, and married to Inanna. He was the god of "new life in nature in the spring," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tammuz, para. 1-2, and 4). I'll just call him Dumuzi. Dumuzi is a dying-and-rising god. He even had a dream about his death in the "'Dumuzi's Dream'" text. Although he tried to fight it, his death was inevitable. In the "'Descent of Inanna,'" Tammuz spends "half the year among the living," and the other half in the netherworld. Originally, Inanna was in the netherworld. However, Inanna asks Dumuzi to take her place (para. 6). The main cause of his death was "at the hands of demons from the netherworld." The god was lamented during the celebrations of his death. This happened between spring, or summer (para. 5). Another god Dumuzi was equated to was Damu (para. 9). Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) also said that Dumu-zi, Dumuziapsu, Damu, and Tammuz, were Dumuzi. Dumuzi was also the son of Ea, represented by the bull, and was brought down to the underworld and killed by the demons (p. 158).
I must admit that I encountered this god a lot, but didn't think too much of him before. Now, I must add him to the list because he answers another piece of the Jesus puzzle. Dumuzi had three main female supporters: his "devoted sister Gestinanna, his wife Inanna, and his mother Ninsun. The three women are depicted "surrounding" the "dying Dumuzi," (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 158). This reminds me of Jesus' female followers at his death, and resurrection. For example, in Mark, there are three women who see the empty tomb: Mary Magdalene, Salome, and Mary the mother of James. Interestingly, this happened when the sun rose (Mark 16:1-2). During Jesus' crucifixion, there seems to be three or four women present in John: Mary (Jesus' mom), "His mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene." I don't know if Mary's sister is Mary the wife of Clopas, so I'll say that three-four women were there (John 19:25 [NASB]). The BSB version of this passage has four women present, so I'll go with four women (John 19:25 [BSB]). The other gospels have a different count for how many women were present at Jesus' death, and resurrection.
Compared to other dying-and-rising gods, Dumuzi (or as Tammuz) was equated to Adonis (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 158) (Claus, 1972, Vol. 4 p. 46) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], pp. 51-52) (Bremmer, 2019, p. 293-294) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adonis, para. 2) (Hewitt, 1901, p. 29), Melkart (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], pp. 51-52) (Claus, 1972, Vol. 4 p. 46), Marduk (Brown, 1899, Vol. 1 p. 231) (Langdon, 1931 [1964 reprint], pp. 51-52) (Hommel, 1897, p. 68), and Itanos/Tan who later became Zeus (Hewitt, 1901, p. 29). Adonis, in particular, spends half the year with Aphrodite (Ishtar), and the rest of the year in the underworld. Interestingly, Adonis was killed by a boar (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Adonis, para. 1). As stated before, Elyon was also killed by a boar and was Adonis. Itanos'/Tan's mother was "Brito-martis the virgin (martis) cypress tree (berut)." She was also the mother of Adonis (Phoenician), Tammuz (Hebrew), and Dumu-zi (Akkadian) (Hewitt, 1901, p. 29).
As for Dumuzi's connection to Ea, the only number that I can find for Dumuzi is the number 40 (d40/dnimin) (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 274, 496, 498, 699, and 721). Dumuzi is Ea! This also means that Elyon-Adonis was Yahavah (Ea) as well. Since Jesus was the son of Yahavah (Ea), this also helps to explain (at least, part of it) why Jesus was a dying-and-rising god: he was Dumuzi! Not only that, but Ea being Dumuzi also coincides with Ishtar being Ea's mother, and his wife, at the same time.
Dumuzi and Anum were also equated on the "reverse" side of the tablets O 175/Ra 16 145, and AO 17626 (RA 41 31) (Livingstone, 1986, pp. 187, 194, and 198-199). On the Shorter An = Anum list, Damu, who seems to be similar or identical to Dumuzi, is equated to Anum as "dDamudAnum" (Lambert and Winters, 2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023, pp. 6, 31, 49, 274, and 292). Dumuzi and Anum also seem to have been equated as well (pp. 274 and 292). Damu has been equated to Dumuzi before, as stated previously. This means that Dumuzi was both Saturn, and Uranus!
9.) Conclusion:
Ea was the Saturn of the Middle East. He is the god of the Bible, and the Qur'an. Other spellings of his name include 'Ahayah (Aahayah) (Israelite), Yahavah (Judahite), and Ia (Phoenician).
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ea:
Kramer (1963) (P. 197):
Smith (1876):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en
https://fdocuments.us/document/el-elyon-in-genesis-1418-20.html?page=1
-V2:
https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/sblpress/jbl/article/63/1/1/190491
-V3:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3262503
Bois (2010) (P. 363):
Horowitz (1998) (PP. 109-111):
https://books.google.com/books?id=xXzQAAAAMAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=chthonios&f=false
Seltman (1956) (P. 33):
https://archive.org/details/twelveolympianst0000char/page/33/mode/1up?q=Potei+Dan
Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) (P. 90):
https://books.google.com/books?id=aqDC5bwx4_wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yahweh+aztec+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA8paF7qGCAxVqFlkFHU2uCsgQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil&f=false
Abraham (2009) (P. 23):
Jensen (1890) (PP. 136-138 [German]).
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157
Dunlap (1856) (P. 22):
The Christian Remembrancer. Volume 56. Article 8:
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (PP. 13 and 168):
Liverani (2013) (PP. 51-52):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nippur:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Nippur
https://www.britannica.com/place/Erech
Crusemann et al., (2013 [2019 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=muCvDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=when+did+erech+begin&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVj4eCoaCFAxXUFlkFHTncDA8Q6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false
Livius. The Sumerian King List:
https://www.livius.org/sources/content/anet/266-the-sumerian-king-list/
Margoliouth (1868; in The Contemporary Review) (Vol. 74) (PP. 581-592):
https://books.google.com/books?id=nla68_sQEhoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Anu+sun+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivg6iGg4mFAxUTEFkFHbhqAF8Q6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu&f=false
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):
Clay (1923) (P. 102):
Kitz (2018) (Abstract):
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/718758
-V2:
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/To-Be-or-Not-to-Be%2C-That-Is-the-Question%3A-Yhwh-and-Kitz-Clifford/df144c0a741f4e34f9e8a7405e3f8ae790e1a374
Rochberg (2010) (P. 217).
DeLonge and Levenda (2017) (Ch. 2, There Were Giants in Those Days...):
https://books.google.com/books?id=EWCsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT96&dq=neanderthals+nephilim&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1o6PJovKDAxXEEFkFHcnHA6w4KBDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=neanderthals%20nephilim&f=false
Jensen (1890) (P. 271 [German]).
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157
https://archive.org/details/TalbottDavidTheSaturnMyth1980/page/n13/mode/2up?q=anu&view=theater
Rawlinson (1885) (PP. 74-75):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hades:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hades-Greek-mythology
Scribner (2024) (P. 30):
Toorn et al., (1999) (P. 73):
https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible+(2nd+ed.)&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj36PPTp5aFAxVOFVkFHc_NApQQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Oannes&f=false
Kilmer (1985; in Conrad and Newig, 1985):
https://books.google.com/books?id=URe3ugEQB00C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Taylor (2022; in Mankey and Taylor, 202) (Poseidon):
Bennett (1880) (P. 523):
Bible Hub. Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1961. hayah:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1961.htm
University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. An/Anu:
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/an/index.html
Kramer (1944 [1961 edition]) (Ch. 2 PP. 69-70):
https://sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/index.htm
Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]):
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/mythsofenkicraft0000unse/page/6/mode/1up?view=theater
Spencer (1915; in Kelly, 1915, Volume 75; Volume 97) (P. 314):
Cumont (1912) (P. 46):
Long (1987 [2015 edition], p. 151 note 43):
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:
https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cronus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cronus
Boulary (1999) (P. 66):
San Diego Zoo. Animals. Nubian Ibex:
https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/nubian-ibex
Pinches (1902) (PP. 59-60):
Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) (P. 43):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh
Hulster. n.d. What Did Yahweh Look Like? Bible Odyssey:
https://www.bibleodyssey.org/passages/related-articles/what-did-yahweh-look-like/
Stripling et al., (2023):
https://heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40494-023-00920-9
Ortlepp (2010) (P. 41):
https://books.google.com/books?id=k9JEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41&dq=mesha+stele+tetragrammaton&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia8sTZtI-BAxWbMlkFHbL9ANkQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=mesha%20stele%20tetragrammaton&f=false
Biblical Archeological Society. 2013. Biblical Artifacts Found Outside the Trench: The Moabite Stone:
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/artifacts-and-the-bible/moabite-stone-mesha-stele/
Drummond (2023):
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-artifacts/inscriptions/the-history-of-the-tetragrammaton/
Fleming (2020):
https://books.google.com/books?id=cfwAEAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s
-Ch. 2 (First para.):
Kennedy (2019):
Najovits (2003) (P. 198):
https://books.google.com/books?id=UrR848g3gp8C&pg=PA198&dq=shasu+of+yhw&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi576v8xI-BAxXNlYkEHcOEDfgQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=shasu%20of%20yhw&f=false
Murdock (2014) (P. 186):
https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZWPAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA186&dq=shasu+of+yhw&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi576v8xI-BAxXNlYkEHcOEDfgQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=shasu%20of%20yhw&f=false
Peust (1999) (p. 127) (in Gottingen, 1999):
https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/peust1999/0127/image,info
Hart (2005) (P. 77):
Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
-(V2) Vol. 1, pp. 498-499):
Karnas (2020):
Clarke (2005) (Ch. 2: Gods of the Individuation Process in Egypt):
Parke-Taylor (1975 [2006 edition]) (P. 49):
Garcia-Fernandez (2017):
https://www.academia.edu/40760080/The_Moon_god_Iah_in_ancient_Egyptian_religion
Biglino (2013) (P. 63):
Shuster (2018):
Hen (2021):
https://d-nb.info/1258383969/34
Tice (1997 [2007 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=GYmubiLkrncC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jehovah+the+devil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNzLXQxaz1AhV0onIEHRMrD4w4ChDoAXoECAMQAw
-V2:
https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=GYmubiLkrncC&printsec=frontcover&lr=&num=20&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2#v=snippet&q=Jesus&f=false
The Apocryphon of John:
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/nag_hammadi/apocjn.htm
Jewish Virtual Library. Samael:
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/samael
Exodus 3:14 (NASB):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/3.htm
1 Samuel 4:
-BSB:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/1_samuel/4.htm
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_samuel/4.htm
Zechariah 13 (NAS):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/zechariah/13.htm
Jeremiah 1 footnote a (NASB):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/1.htm#fn
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh ("Yehovah"):
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm
Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 3069. Yhvh (“Yehoveh”):
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3069.htm
Budge (1920 [2010 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=_QjVv4s-I0oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Egyptian+plant+hieroglyphs+alphabet&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy-Ijpp8aCAxXSFlkFHSCxASgQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
Frazer (2012) (PP. 64, 69-70, and 81 [Extra on p. 90]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=dd1OAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=letter+y+in+egyptian+hieroglyphics&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwis2YaOuMaCAxUstokEHUOJDp8Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=letter%20y%20in%20egyptian%20hieroglyphics&f=false
Glassgolife. How to read Egyptian hieroglyphs
https://www.glasgowlife.org.uk/media/jsddgccz/translating-hieroglyphs.pdf
Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Lesson 1:
https://www.egyptianhieroglyphs.net/egyptian-hieroglyphs/lesson-1/
Zauzich and Roth (2010) (P. 10):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g1XY9SRP29YC&pg=PA10&dq=how+to+pronounce+3+glottal+stop+in+egyptian&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilj9D7-MaCAxW8EVkFHesaDawQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=how%20to%20pronounce%203%20glottal%20stop%20in%20egyptian&f=fals
McDermott (2001 [2016 edition]) (PP. 22 [Ch. 1]):
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3064. Yehudi:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3064.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3063. Yehudah:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3063.htm
Josephus. Jewish War. Book 5, Ch. 5, Section 7):
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/war-5.html
Diodorus Siculus. The Library of History. Book 1 Ch. 94 Section 2:
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/diodorus_siculus/1d*.html
Hernandez (2000) (P. vii):
Jewish Virtual Library. The Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet):
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-hebrew-alphabet-aleph-bet#google_vignette
Jewfaq. The Hebrew Alphabet:
https://www.jewfaq.org/hebrew_alphabet
Garrett and DeRouchie (2009 [2019 edition]) (Ch. 2: Pointed Vowel Letters and the Silent Shewa, E. The Basics of Syllable Division):
https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Invention_of_God.html?id=XmsuCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rev. Taylor (1833) (PP. 340-341):
Drummond and Walpole (1810) (P. 62):
https://www.bibleodyssey.org/passages/related-articles/what-did-yahweh-look-like/
-Judean Coin:https://www.bibleodyssey.org/image-gallery/judean-coin/
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):
Bible Hub. Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm
Margoliouth (1868; in The Contemporary Review) (Vol. 74) (PP. 581-592):
Jensen (1890) (P. 271 [German]).
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157
Clay (1923) (P. 102):
Kitz (2018) (Abstract):
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/718758
-V2:
-V3:
https://www.academia.edu/90531519/To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_That_Is_the_Question_Yhwh_and_Ea
Bennett (1880) (P. 523):
Bible Hub. Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1961. hayah:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1961.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1933. hava'
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1933.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1933b. havah:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1933b.htm
Espek (2006):
https://www.memphis.edu/egypt/events/name_hieroglyphs.php
Australian Museum. Documents: Egyptian Hieroglyphs:
https://media.australian.museum/media/dd/Uploads/Documents/7770/Egyptian%20Heiroglyphs.340c0ac.pdf
-Australian Museum website:
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3091. Yehoshua [Yehoshua']):
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3091.htm
Psalm 18:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/18.htm
Jacob (2005):
The Apocryphon of John:
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/nag_hammadi/apocjn.htm
Rollig (1971) (P. 500):
-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):
Parpola (1993):
https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater
Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 842):
Genesis 7:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/7.htm
Deuteronomy 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/deuteronomy/2.htm
Matthew 4:
Taylor (1993):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/84.htm
Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
-(V2) Vol. 1, pp. 498-499):
Psalm 74:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/74.htm
1 Kings 11:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/11.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/1_kings/11.htm
-NLT:
https://biblehub.com/nlt/1_kings/11.htm
Cheyne and Black (1899) (P. 738):
https://books.google.com/books?id=GdYMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA737&dq=chemosh+god&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit79mh_OH7AhV6D1kFHTWQBBgQ6AF6BAgGEAE#v=onepage&q=chemosh%20god&f=false
Jewish Encyclopaedia. Jastrow, Jr. and Barton (2002). Chemosh:
https://www.learnreligions.com/chemosh-lord-of-the-moabites-117630
Bible Gateway. Encyclopedia of the Bible. Chemosh (from Pritchard, 1956):
https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/encyclopedia-of-the-bible/Chemosh
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chemosh:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chemosh
2 Kings 3:
Jeremiah 6:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/2.htm
Irwin (1999 [Thesis]):
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/73647/1/Irwin-Baal%20and%20Yahweh.pdf
Harwood (2017):
Forlong (1897) (P. 395):
Litke (1998; from Hallo, 1998) (PP. 83 and 87):
https://archive.org/details/ugaritforschunge0031unse/page/168/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Ea
Pinches (1896) (PP. 8, 11-13):
https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jtvi/1894_001.pdf
-V2:
The New International Encyclopaedia (Second Edition) (1915) (Vol. 12 p. 625):
Vasileiades and Gordon (2021):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Greek Alphabet:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/alphabet-writing/Greek-alphabet
University of Arkansas. The Bibliotheke. Greek Alphabet and Pronunciation. 2011:
Langdon (1918) (P. 434):
https://zenodo.org/records/1505573
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2021 edition]) (P. 161):
Kershaw (1997) (PP. 160-161):
Litwa (2019):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en
Epiphaneus. Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 (Williams, 2009 translation) P. 98):
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3050.htm
Fontanille et al., (2023) (P. 130 Type 1; pp. 131, 145, and 148 for Yhv, Gaza, and Philistine info.):
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2046%3A10&version=NOG
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 6635. Tsaba:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6635.htm
2 Kings 23:10 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/2_kings/23-10.htm
Psalm 84:11 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/psalms/84-11.htm
Ngo (2018):
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/news/seals-of-isaiah-and-king-hezekiah-discovered-exhibit/
British Museum. magical gem; intaglio:
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1986-0501-97
Litwa (2019):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en
-V3:
Duke (1971):
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3296569
Genesis 3:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/3.htm
Genesis 7:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/7.htm
Genesis 11:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/11.htm
Kelley (2009):
https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/bitstream/123456789/7231/1/toward-new-synthesis-god-edom.pdf
Teixidor (1977):
https://books.google.com/books?id=m5Z9BgAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA90&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=onepage&q&f=false
Knauf (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (PP. 674 and 677):
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_sachiel.html
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_sachiel.html
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Samael:-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_samael.html
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_samael.html
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Asariel:
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_asariel.html
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_asariel.html
Thierens (1935) (P. 41):
-V2 (2020 edition):
Rossel (2007) (P. 87):
Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up
Fant and Reddish (2008):
Lewis (2020):
https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Origin_and_Character_of_God.html?id=hOfuDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Aalta et al., (2020) (p. 56):
https://books.google.com/books?id=KDcTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA56&dq=yam+and+poseidon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiboIHt6Ij8AhUAhnIEHY9aCqoQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=yam%20and%20poseidon&f=false
Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) (P. 90):
https://books.google.com/books?id=aqDC5bwx4_wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yahweh+aztec+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA8paF7qGCAxVqFlkFHU2uCsgQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus
Caquot and Sznycer (1980) (P. 13):
https://books.google.com/books?id=S4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=Baal+beard&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzjo7U36X3AhWKq3IEHdeiAm8Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Bull&f=false
University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enlil/Ellil:
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enlil/index.html
Smith (1876):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en
Fontenrose (2022) (P. 157):
https://books.google.com/books?id=CjNnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157&dq=kronos+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxnse1m_39AhVokYkEHfhiBkwQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=kronos%20enlil&f=false
Atrahasis (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition]):
https://geha.paginas.ufsc.br/files/2017/04/Atrahasis.pdf
-Date of book:
https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]) (P. 43):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cronus
Kramer (1944 [1961 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=1nhO28Gm0sAC&pg=PA89&dq=anu+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk-deSkP39AhWXEVkFHQZzBwAQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20ouranos&f=false
The Melammu Project. Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1):
http://www.melammu-project.eu/database/gen_html/a0001230.html
Clair (1898):
https://books.google.com/books?id=F7EVAAAAYAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=St.+Clair,+Creation+Records&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Enuma Elish (King, 1902 translation):
https://sacred-texts.com/ane/enuma.htm
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Enuma Elish:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Enuma-Elish
Genesis 1:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/1.htm
Genesis 2:
https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Uriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_uriel.html
Encyclopaedia Britannica. El:
The Met Museum. Enthroned deity:
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/322889
Biglino (2023):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gods_of_the_Bible/uCrAzwEACAAJ?hl=en
Genesis 2 (DBT):
https://biblehub.com/dbt/genesis/2.htm
Bible Hub. Interlinear. Genesis 2:4:
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/2-4.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 430. elohim:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/430.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 410. el:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/410.htm
Bible Hub. Interlinear. Psalm 82:1:
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/psalms/82-1.htm
Psalm 82 (NASB):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/82.htm
Vida (1944):
https://fdocuments.us/document/el-elyon-in-genesis-1418-20.html?page=1
-V2:
https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/sblpress/jbl/article/63/1/1/190491
-V3:
Genesis 14 (NOG):
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+14&version=NOG
McCants (2012) (P. 16):
Rev. Taylor (1833) (PP. 339-341):
Kasak and Veede (2001):
Tov (2001) (P. 269):
https://archive.org/details/textualcriticism0000tove/page/250/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Elyon
-Septuagint: God’s angels:
https://www.septuagint.bible/-/deuteronomion-kephalaio-32
-NASB: Sons of Israel:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/deuteronomy/32.htm
-CJB: Israel’s population:
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+32&version=CJ
-NOG: Sons of Israel:
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+32&version=NOG
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/32.htm
https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
-V2 (Vol. 1, pp. 498-499):
Exodus 15:11 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/15-11.htm
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7706.htm
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Did_God_Have_a_Wife/IGR7-OSz7bUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=God%20Almighty
Feldt (2007):
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1697&context=msr
http://www.margaretbarker.com/Papers/WisdomOtherTree.pdf
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7699.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 1767. day:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1767.htm
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/17.htm
Exodus 6:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/6.htm
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7703.htm
Mordechai (2019) (P. 112):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Beelzebub:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beelzebub
Blavatsky (1892) (P. 298):
Lesley (1886) (PP. 303-312):
Ryle (1921) (p. 197):
Jastrow (1898 [Part 1]) (P. 53):
https://books.google.com/books?id=peQLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA745&dq=Dagan+Bel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje89qmpMmCAxVWElkFHX9PABMQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Lil%20demon&f=false
Thierens (1935 [2020 edition], p. 24):
https://books.google.com/books?id=bzb7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Enlil+lil+demon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibrZSboMmCAxVOGlkFHdrSC6wQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil%20lil%20demon&f=false
Vida (1944):
https://fdocuments.us/document/el-elyon-in-genesis-1418-20.html?page=1
-V2:
https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/sblpress/jbl/article/63/1/1/190491
-V3:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3262503
Smith (1876):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ea:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ea
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):
https://books.google.com/books?id=9e9gpRpZWCYC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Burkert (1977 [1985 translation]) (PP. 136-137):
https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/136/mode/1up?view=theater
-V2:
https://books.google.com/books?id=sxurBtx6shoC&pg=PA136&dq=poteidan+sky+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5rrSq3eCCAxWiMVkFHaCVB2sQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=poteidan%20sky%20god&f=false
Horowitz (1998) (PP. 109-111):
https://books.google.com/books?id=P8fl8BXpR0MC&pg=PA111&dq=Apsu+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMyMXJ1eSCAxVWMlkFHaD-BPoQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Apsu%20god&f=false
Livingstone (2002) (P. 89):
https://books.google.com/books?id=1nhO28Gm0sAC&pg=PA89&dq=anu+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk-deSkP39AhWXEVkFHQZzBwAQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20ouranos&f=false
The Melammu Project. Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1):
http://www.melammu-project.eu/database/gen_html/a0001230.html
Bachvarova (2013) (in Chavalas, 2013) (P. 274):
https://books.google.com/books?id=BY9mAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA274&dq=Alulu+Anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt9O6F1OSCAxV0EmIAHYSHCb0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Alulu%20Anu&f=false
Smith (1884) (P. 148):
https://books.google.com/books?id=us3Y7a9AhOYC&pg=PA155-IA3&dq=el+elu+deity&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9q66_0J-CAxVSFlkFHaBfAesQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=el%20elu%20deity&f=false
Acharya S (2004) (P. 121):
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_cassiel.html
Beaulieu (2018):
https://www.academia.edu/38312390
Day (2000 [2010 edition]):
Smith (1927) (Vol. 1) (PP. 532-533):
Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 77):
https://books.google.com/books?id=gY1AAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Ghebers+of+Hebron&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWl8TH9LeEAxUWElkFHXCUBRQQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=snippet&q=Bel%20Kronos&f=false
Hilprecht (1910) (Vol. 5, p. 47):
Seltman (1956) (P. 33):
https://archive.org/details/twelveolympianst0000char/page/33/mode/1up?q=Potei+Dan
Coulter and Turner (2000):
-2013 edition (PP. 13 and 168):
-2020 edition (P. 168):
https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=US&focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&q&f=false
-2021 edition (P. 348):
Brown (1898):
https://books.google.com/books?id=ML_PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA196&dq=zeus+katachthonios&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiShZu85cWEAxUXKFkFHUpcBccQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=zeus%20katachthonios&f=false
Kershaw (1997) (PP. 160-161):
Wake (1870) (P. 211):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-nFQAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA211&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
-V2 (P. 59; full paper starts on p. 33):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zuQlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA59&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 5946. Elyon:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1167.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Greek. 2316. theos:
https://biblehub.com/greek/2316.htm
Mikalson (2009) (P. 109):
https://books.google.com/books?id=8o6xxlwbldcC&pg=PA109&dq=Zeus+Hermes+Chthonios&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz4c_504GEAxVTD1kFHTsPCOs4ChDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Hermes%20Chthonios&f=false
Chaniotis (2010) (P. 120 [in Mitchell and Nuffelen, 2010])
https://books.google.com/books?id=5oSzyxrBKIoC&pg=PA170&dq=zeus+hypsistos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgtqWV2IGEAxVwF2IAHf1BCNEQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=zeus%20hypsistos&f=false
Mitchel (2010) (P. 170 [in Mitchell and Nuffelen, 2010])
Collar (2013) (P. 224):
-V2:
https://books.google.com/books?id=YqJgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA194&dq=el+elyon+theos+hypsistos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3vMCh-42FAxVav4kEHVljCQgQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=el%20elyon%20theos%20hypsistos&f=false
Merriam Webster. Allotment:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allotted
Enyclopaedia Britannica. Allah:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Allah
Rafiabadi (2003) (P. 202):
https://books.google.com/books?id=xeK9w9P0sBQC&pg=PA202&dq=allah+ilah&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHurzlppqDAxV_F2IAHQ5yCasQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=allah%20ilah&f=false
Natan (2006) (Vol. 2, p. 391):
Wake (1870) (P. 211):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-nFQAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA211&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
-V2 (P. 59; full paper starts on p. 33):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zuQlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA59&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
Genesis 14 (NOG):
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+14&version=NOG
Tov (2001) (P. 269):
https://archive.org/details/textualcriticism0000tove/page/250/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Elyon
-Septuagint: God’s angels:
https://www.septuagint.bible/-/deuteronomion-kephalaio-32
-NASB: Sons of Israel:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/deuteronomy/32.htm
-CJB: Israel’s population:
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+32&version=CJ
-NOG: Sons of Israel:
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+32&version=NOG
Merriam Webster. Allotment:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allotted
https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/allot
Allah.org. Allah (God):
https://www.allah.org/index.php?c=110.About-Allah.org&cv=legacy-allah.org-page-content
Teixidor (1977 [2015 edition]) (PP. 42-43):
Albright (1994) (P. 127):
Sibley (2009) (P. 45):
Ford (2016) (P. 190):
Miller and Brandon (2014) (PP. 16 and 18):
Littleton (2006) (Vol. 4) (P. 480):
Long (1987 [2015 edition], p. 151 note 43):
Pope (1955) (P. 35):
Rawlinson (1882) (PP. 50-51):
Kramer (1972) (P. viii):
Cohen (2013) (P. 117).
https://archive.org/details/wisekingstudiesi0000kalu/page/40/mode/1up?q=Enlilbanda
Frayne and Stuckley (2021) (P. 96):
Yakubovich (2010; in Cohen et al., 2010) (PP. 391-392):
Sibley (2009) (P. 45):
Ford (2016) (P. 190):
Miller and Brandon (2014) (PP. 16 and 18):
Genesis 6:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/6.htm
Genesis 7:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/7.htm
Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]):
-V2:
Day (2000) (P. 60):
Singer (2007; in Kosak, 2007) (P. 632):
Tsumura (200) (P. 139):
Dijkstra (2013; in Becking, 2013) (P. 83):
Jacobsen (1976) (P. 111):
Harwood (2017) (P. vi):
Toyraanvouri (2020):
https://aabner.org/ojs/index.php/beabs/article/download/787/741/
Bois (2010) (P. 363):
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:
https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847
Clark (1913; in The American Journal of Theology, 1913) (Vol. 17 p. 417):
https://archive.org/details/jstor-497115/page/n9/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Ea
-Figure 2:
Suter (2000) (P. 67):
Cumont (1912) (P. 46):
Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):
-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):
https://books.google.com/books?id=vp8iDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+holy+book+of+islam&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL7umO4ouHAxX8GFkFHdEYBjUQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=the%20holy%20book%20of%20islam&f=false
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-two-kingdoms-of-israel
Bible Hub. Topical Bible. Semites:
https://biblehub.com/topical/s/semites.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3068. Yhvh ("Yehovah"):
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3068.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3064. Yehudi:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3064.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 3063. Yehudah:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3063.htm
Friedman (2015):
https://www.thetorah.com/article/the-historical-exodus
Fleming (2020) (P. 251):
https://books.google.com/books?id=cfwAEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Yahweh+Ea+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1yta915-DAxXvFlkFHSwdC_EQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Yahweh%20Ea%20god&f=false
Genesis 33:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/33.htm
Smith (2001):
https://books.google.com/books?id=afkRDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=El+the+god+of+Israel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi18cHWkPSDAxXnEVkFHbd_BfQQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=El%20the%20god%20of%20Israel&f=false
-Ch. 7 abstract:
https://academic.oup.com/book/12858/chapter-abstract/163143030?redirectedFrom=fulltext#:~:text=Because%20the%20name%20of%20the,in%20some%20early%20biblical%20tradition
Exodus 6:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/6.htm
University of Cambridge and Monash University. American Research Center in Egypt. Stevens, Anna. Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Aten: From Many Gods to One:
https://www.arce.org/resource/akhenaten-nefertiti-aten-many-gods-one
Romer (2015):
https://books.google.com/books?id=Z59XCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=El+the+god+of+Israel&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi18cHWkPSDAxXnEVkFHbd_BfQQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=El%20the%20god%20of%20Israel&f=false
Weinstein (2021):
https://www.thetorah.com/article/we-were-slaves-to-the-hyksos-in-egypt
Wright (2009) (Ch. 4):
https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm15lrKLpIEC&pg=PT85&dq=Hermes+Yahweh&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqtrqN9ICDAxUyF2IAHWUfApgQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Hermes%20Yahweh&f=false
Kramer and Maier (1989 [2020 edition]):
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/mythsofenkicraft0000unse/page/6/mode/1up?view=theater
1 Kings 11:
NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/11.htm
NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/1_kings/11.htm
NLT:
https://biblehub.com/nlt/1_kings/11.htm
Leviticus 20:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/leviticus/20.htm
Jeremiah 32:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/32.htm
Adams (2017) (P. 63):
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (PP. 43 and 87):
Foster (1901) (P. 139):
Numbers 23:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/23.htm
-GWT (God's Word Translation):
https://biblehub.com/gwt/numbers/23.htm
-NETB (NET Bible):
https://biblehub.com/net/numbers/23.htm
Martin, Jr. (2021) (P. 44):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Jupiter:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jupiter-Roman-god
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):
Burkert (1977 [1985 translation]) (PP. 136-137):
https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/136/mode/1up?view=theater
-V2:
Ezra 6:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/ezra/6.htm
Exodus 34:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/34.htm
Numbers 31:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/31.htm
Judges 11:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/judges/11.htm
Isaiah 30:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/isaiah/30.htm
Jeremiah 19:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/19.htm
Stavrakopoulou (2013):
https://www.academia.edu/7656412
Irwin (1999 [Thesis]):
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/73647/1/Irwin-Baal%20and%20Yahweh.pdf
Romer (2015):
-V1:
Stavrakopoulou and Barton (2010) (PP. 163-164):
Psalm 47:2 (NOG):
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2047&version=NOG
Dunlap (1858) (PP. 109-110):
Pope (1955) (PP. 26-27):
https://archive.org/details/elinugaritictext0000marv/page/26/mode/2up?q=mlk&view=theater
Rawlinson (1882):
https://books.google.com/books?id=GCD3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&dq=El+Molech&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXrffgmdiEAxVvEGIAHYb8DqcQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=El%20Molech&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Mithra:
Ridpaph (1890) (Vol. 1 pp. 133 and 135):
https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP5HAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA88&dq=Anu+Moloch&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA_PKfsvmEAxW3MlkFHTsVCYo4ChDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Moloch&f=false
Seisenberger (1911) (P. 63):
https://books.google.com/books?id=l35AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63&dq=Anu+Moloch&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4irK_r_mEAxVXkokEHRoHAj8Q6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Moloch&f=false
Knappert (1877) (PP. 29-30):
Matthew 26:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/matthew/26.htm
Jeremiah 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/2.htm
Judges 6:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/judges/6.htm
1 Kings 18:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_kings/18.htm
Jeremiah 19:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/jeremiah/19.htm
Hosea 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hosea/2.htm
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dagan:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dagan
Pinches (1902) (P. 59):
Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Adonis:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tammuz:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tammuz-Mesopotamian-god
Dawson (1888) (P. 369):
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew: 136. Adonay:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/136.htm
de Jassy (1908; in Carus, 1908, Vol. 18 pp. 130-131):
Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Explore the Collection. Cultic stele:
https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/371435-0
Massey (1883) (Vol. 1 p. 332):
Hommel (1897) (P. 62):
King (1902) (P. 268):
Seters (1966) (PP. 171-172, 174-175, and 178):
https://archive.org/details/hyksosnewinvesti0000vans/page/172/mode/2up?q=seth&view=theater
Callahan (2002):
https://nomorebiggov.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/secret-orgin-of-the-bible.pdf
https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enki/index.html
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Melqart:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Melqart
Scales (2009) (Ch. 1 [p. 6]):
Claus (1972) (Vol. 4 p. 46):
https://archive.org/details/historyofoldtest0004sche/page/46/mode/1up?q=Asherah
-V2 (Snippet):
Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023):
Fontanille et al., (2023) (P. 138):
2 Kings 23:10 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/2_kings/23-10.htm
Hebrews 9:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hebrews/9.htm
Hebrews 10:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/hebrews/10.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/hebrews/10.htm
Romans 3:
-NASB
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/romans/3.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/romans/3.htm
Ephesians 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/ephesians/2.htm
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Cassiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_cassiel.html
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_sachiel.html
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n18/mode/1up
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altar_P%C3%A9rgamo_Urano_01.JPG
Bachvarova (2013) (in Chavalas, 2013) (P. 274):
https://books.google.com/books?id=BY9mAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA274&dq=Alulu+Anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt9O6F1OSCAxV0EmIAHYSHCb0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=Alulu%20Anu&f=false
Livingstone (2002) (P. 89):
https://books.google.com/books?id=1nhO28Gm0sAC&pg=PA89&dq=anu+ouranos&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk-deSkP39AhWXEVkFHQZzBwAQ6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20ouranos&f=false
The Melammu Project. Kumarbi myth and Hesiod (1):
http://www.melammu-project.eu/database/gen_html/a0001230.html
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Uranus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uranus-mythology
Griswold (1910) (P. 31):
https://books.google.com/books?id=o_AcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31&dq=ouranos+rain+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj10JmFxLCDAxVoLFkFHbRHA60Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=ouranos%20rain%20god&f=false
West (2007 [2008 edition]) (P. 137):
University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. An/Anu:
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/an/index.html
Lewis (2020):
Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up
Radau (1904) (PP. 92-93):
Rusten (1985 [in Bailey, 1985, Vol. 89]) (PP. 130, 135-136):
https://books.google.com/books?id=RmTxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Odin+Dyaus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNr_rbvOOCAxXTGVkFHXEdA90Q6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Odin%20Dyaus&f=false
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2020 edition]):
-2013 edition (p. 142):
Lyle (2012) (PP. 105-106):
Durham University. Department of Physics. User's Guide to the Night Sky. The Ecliptic: The Sun's Annual Path on the celestial Sphere:
https://astro.dur.ac.uk/~ams/users/solar_year.html
Encyclopaedia Britannica. El:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/El
Atrahasis (Dalley, 1998 translation [2000 edition]):
https://geha.paginas.ufsc.br/files/2017/04/Atrahasis.pdf
-Date of book:
https://books.google.com/books?id=0YHfiCz4BRwC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s
1 Enoch:
https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/enoch/ENOCH_1.HTM
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Uriel:
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_uriel.html
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_uriel.html
Horowitz (1998) (PP. 109-111):
https://books.google.com/books/about/Zeus.html?id=9e9gpRpZWCYC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US#v=snippet&q=Zeus%20Ouranos&f=false
Thierry (2015 [2016 edition; in Henry and Kelp, 2016]) (P. 649):
https://books.google.com/books?id=OdZS9gBu4KwC&pg=PA290&dq=Anu+Zeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFkZe9jOCCAxX3FlkFHZWjClY4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Zeus&f=false
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:
https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anu
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition], p. 59):
https://books.google.com/books?id=wDcd41aCRLQC&pg=PA347&dq=Zeus+Oromasdes+Hermes&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLlryH7YCDAxWQLFkFHQGuDdUQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Zeus%20Oromasdes%20Hermes&f=false
Marks (2020 [in Pache et al., 2020]) (Mythic Background):
https://books.google.com/books?id=BVnSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123&dq=Anu+Zeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9rtbChuCCAxWFEFkFHdRkBhYQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Zeus&f=false
Beaulieu (2007 [in Heinz and Feldman, 2007]) (P. 152):
https://www.academia.edu/36775866
Beaulieu (2018):
https://www.academia.edu/38312390
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2020 edition]):
Encyclopaedia Brittanica. Gaea:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gaea
Falk (1996) (PP. 65-66):
https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&pg=PA66&dq=shamayim+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS9dij-NSEAxUwF1kFHQ1GDl0Q6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=shamayim%20god&f=false
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 8064. shamayim:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8064.htm
Hancke (2014) (P. 105):
Smith (1877) (P. 1126):
Smith (1876):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en
Gainesville.org. The Maltese Cross:
https://www.gainesville.org/215/The-Maltese-Cross#:~:text=The%20Maltese%20Cross%20is%20known,John
Sovereign Order of Malta. The Eight-Pointed Cross:
https://www.orderofmalta.int/history/the-eight-pointed-cross/
Laughlin (1900; in The Open Court) (Vol. 14, p. 235):
https://books.google.com/books?id=custAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA235&dq=anu+symbol+winged+disk&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifjL-z_sGCAxUlEGIAHWXOBqgQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=anu%20symbol%20winged%20disk&f=false
Rev. Fradenburgh (1883; in Whedon, 1893) (P. 114):
https://ucatholic.com/blog/constantine-converted-after-seeing-this-vision-in-the-sky-from-god/
Vatican Museums. Museums: Raphael's Rooms: Vision of the Cross:
https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/stanze-di-raffaello/sala-di-costantino/visione-della-croce.html
Rawlinson (1885) (PP. 74-75):
Ridpaph (1890) (Vol. 1 pp. 133 and 135):
https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP5HAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA88&dq=Anu+Moloch&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA_PKfsvmEAxW3MlkFHTsVCYo4ChDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Moloch&f=false
Seisenberger (1911) (P. 63):
Krul (2018) (P. 10):
https://archive.org/details/TalbottDavidTheSaturnMyth1980/page/n13/mode/2up?q=anu&view=theater
Jensen (1890) (PP. 136-138 [German]).
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157
Inman (1868) (PP. 243-244):
Dunlap (1856) (P. 22):
Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):
-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):
Parpola (1993):
https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater
Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 73):
Kilmer (1985; in Conrad and Newig, 1985):
https://books.google.com/books?id=URe3ugEQB00C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Mushet (1837) (PP. 62-63):
Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound (Pryse, 1925 translation) (P. 98):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hades:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hades-Greek-mythology
University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. An/Anu:
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/an/index.html
https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enki/index.html
Daniel 2:19 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/daniel/2-19.htm
https://books.google.com/books?id=xwHLQlauenMC&pg=PA46&dq=elah+singular&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj60MqaqJ-GAxWsN2IAHQmGC30Q6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=elah%20singular&f=false
The Holy Bible (Hodder and Stoughton, 1896 edition) (P. xxii):
Cohen (2021; in Kelly and Metcalf, 2021) (P. 155):
https://books.google.com/books?id=8UYlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&dq=Alalu+Alala+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQlpyI3o6HAxVcFFkFHcS8B94Q6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=Alalu%20Alala%20god&f=false
Frayne and Stuckey (2021) (P. 11):
Yasumura (2011 [2013 edition]) (P. 77):
Thierens (1935 [2024 edition]) (P. 47):
-Date:
https://brill.com/display/title/65393
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Cassiel:
-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angelic_symbols/symbolsl_cassiel.html
-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_cassiel.html
http://public-library.uk/ebooks/32/54.pdf
Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm
Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 834. asher:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/834.htm
Propp (1998):
https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/article/santa-and-his-asherah/
-Endnote 3:
https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/endnote/endnote-3-santa-and-his-asherah/
Albright (1925):
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/370057
Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 77):
Harwood (2017) (P. 43):
Farbridge (1923) (P. 200):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QATXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA200&dq=nannar+the+bull+of+anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2warA-eGHAxWBFmIAHQkHDtsQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=nannar%20the%20bull%20of%20anu&f=false
Johns (1909; in Sweet, 1909) (P. 51):
Pinches (1910; in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology) (Vol. 32 pp. 67-68):
Louvre Collections. Figurines: AO 11598:
https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010136311
Fant and Reddish (2008):
Coulter and Turner (2000):
-2013 edition (PP. 13, 43, 87, and 168):
-2020 edition (P. 168):
https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gb_mobile_entity&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&hl=en&gl=US&focus=searchwithinvolume#v=onepage&q&f=false
-2021 edition (P. 348):
The Met Museum. Enthroned deity:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus
Smith (1927) (Vol. 1) (PP. 532-533):
Teixidor (1977 [2015 edition]) (PP. 42-43):
Albright (1994) (P. 127):
Sibley (2009) (P. 45):
Ford (2016) (P. 190):
Miller and Brandon (2014) (PP. 16 and 18):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Shamash:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shamash
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1881-0428-34-a
Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):
-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):
Parpola (1993):
https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater
Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 842):
Taylor (1993):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/84.htm
Psalm 84:11 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/psalms/84-11.htm
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew. 8121. shemesh:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8121.htm
Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):
Robertson (1917) (P. 249):
Sommer (2009) (P. 24):
Margoliouth (1868; in The Contemporary Review) (Vol. 74) (PP. 581-592):
Stone (2001 [2022 edition]) (Vol. 2 p. 127):
Dunlap (1894) (PP. 5, 208-209):
Parsons (1895):
https://archive.org/details/TalbottDavidTheSaturnMyth1980/page/n13/mode/2up?q=anu&view=theater
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Helios:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sol-Roman-god
de Jassy (1908; in Carus, 1908, Vol. 18 pp. 130-131):
Brocklesby (1706) (P. 109):
Rev. McClatchie (1876; in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, 1876, Vol. 7 p. 3):
Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Explore the Collection. Cultic stele:
https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/371435-0
Seters (1966) (PP. 171-172, 174-175, and 178):
https://archive.org/details/hyksosnewinvesti0000vans/page/172/mode/2up?q=seth&view=theater
Callahan (2002):
https://nomorebiggov.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/secret-orgin-of-the-bible.pdf
https://books.google.com/books?id=S4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=Baal+beard&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzjo7U36X3AhWKq3IEHdeiAm8Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Bull&f=false
Blenkowski and Millard (2000) (P. 97):
Smith (1884) (PP. 187, and 210-211):
Falkener (1882; in Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. 7 p. 286 note 2):
https://books.google.com/books?id=nz5miea7QK4C&pg=PA286&dq=rimmon+hadad&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlwPSdlaiKAxVfF1kFHeBDNiIQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=rimmon%20hadad&f=false
Amzallag (2023) (P. 53):
Pinches (1896) (P. 13):
https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/jtvi/1894_001.pdf
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Poseidon:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poseidon
Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP. 266, 268, 270, 518, and 586):
https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enki/index.html
Bryce (2004) (Chapter 8: The Gods: the Storm God [p. 2]):
Mackenzie (1907) (PP. 259 and 261):
https://sacred-texts.com/egy/eml/eml31.htm
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/mysticalmytholog0000livi/page/201/mode/1up?q=O+175
-V3:
https://archive.org/details/mysticalmytholog0000livi/page/31/mode/1up?q=Ea+Enki
Genesis 3:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/3.htm
Numbers 21:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/21.htm
Fontanille et al., (2023) (P. 138):
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_sachiel.html
5.) Sin:
NASA Science Space Place. All About the Moon:
-Photo:
https://images.app.goo.gl/Z22QEhbMwR5XUVwq5
-Website:
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/all-about-the-moon/en/
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sin:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sin-Mesopotamian-god
Margoliouth (1868; in The Contemporary Review) (Vol. 74) (PP. 581-592):
Albright (1919; in Montgomery and Edgerton, 1919) (Vol. 30 p. 77):
https://books.google.com/books?id=FInSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA77&dq=Ningirsu+Enki+Ea&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRhq20l6eGAxUNFFkFHVxHCLMQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Ningirsu%20Enki%20Ea&f=false
Bois (2010) (P. 363):
Exodus 24:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/24.htm
Knohl (2010) (P. 86):
https://www.academia.edu/34528484/Pharaohs_War_with_the_Israelites_e_Untold_Story_srael_nohl
-V2:
https://azure.org.il/article.php?id=543
Psalm 68:
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/psalms/68.htm
-ESV:
https://biblehub.com/esv/psalms/68.htm
-BSV:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/psalms/68.htm
-CSV:
https://biblehub.com/csb/psalms/68.htm
Natan (2006) (Vol. 1 p. 337):
Rev. Sayce (1897) (P. 188):
Farbridge (1923) (P. 200):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QATXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA200&dq=nannar+the+bull+of+anu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2warA-eGHAxWBFmIAHQkHDtsQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=nannar%20the%20bull%20of%20anu&f=false
Psalm 81:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/81.htm
1 Samuel 20:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_samuel/20.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/1_samuel/20.htm
Litwa (2019):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en
Epiphaneus. Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 (Williams, 2009 translation) (P. 98):
Radau (1904; in Carus, 1904) (P. 92, note 4):
Mackenzie (1907) (P. 259):
https://sacred-texts.com/egy/eml/eml31.htm
Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP. 32, 276, 293, and 497):
6.) Nabu:
NASA. Mercury:
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/vG1Q3CNH1B3dYx7HA
-Link:
https://science.nasa.gov/mercury/
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nabu:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nabu#:~:text=He%20was%20patron%20of%20the,Isaiah%20(46%3A1).
Pinches (1902) (P. 59):
Bertman (2003 [2005 edition]) (P. 122):
Toorn (1999; in Toorn et al., 1999) (P. 842):
Rollig (1971) (PP. 499-500):
-Name and date of book (Bauer, 2013, p. 3 note 2):
Parpola (1993):
https://archive.org/details/theassyriantreeoflife/page/n21/mode/1up?view=theater
https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enki/index.html
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Raphael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_raphael.html
7.) Nergal:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nergal:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nergal-Mesopotamian-deity
Long (1987 [2015 edition]) (P. 151 note 43):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ares:
Metcalf (2015) (PP. 47-48)
https://books.google.com/books?id=tTTCCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&dq=Enki+Enlil+Banda&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1xKGpvpeGAxXEF2IAHe8aDPwQ6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q=Enki%20Enlil%20Banda&f=false
Jensen (1890) (P. 135 [German]):
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721090&seq=157
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/diekosmologieder00jensuoft/diekosmologieder00jensuoft/mode/2up?q=nirgal
Jacob (2005):
Langdon (1909) (P. 168):
Billings and Mirsky (2018):
https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/mars-lander-will-peer-inside-the-red-planet/
8.) Ishtar:
University of Chicago. Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Africa and North Arica. Seal, Cylinder A27903:
https://isac-idb.uchicago.edu/id/90eec75d-0343-4a85-8810-ad0cdcc2a081
Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 77):
https://books.google.com/books?id=WvkDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PT44&dq=Dagon+Apollo+corn&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_ytbv1YmFAxWPMlkFHRrICSYQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Dagon%20Apollo%20corn&f=false
Kavanagh (1871) (Vol. 1, p. 19):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/Did_God_Have_a_Wife/IGR7-OSz7bUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=God%20Almighty
https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Jews.html?id=nnG3c--uKtMC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity#v=onepage&q&f=false
Link 2:
https://archive.org/details/jews00howa/page/n7/mode/1up?view=theater
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/323163
https://www.google.com/books/edition/When_God_Had_a_Wife/kLKXDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
-eBook:
https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewBook?id=1462738065
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/73647/1/Irwin-Baal%20and%20Yahweh.pdf
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qetesh_relief_plaque_%28Triple_Goddess_Stone%29.png
Wright (1901) (P. 448):
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/472832
V2:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3136671
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Anath:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anath
Cornell (2019):
https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2019/11/Judeans-and-Goddesses-at-Elephantine/
Mondriann (2013):
https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/40058/Mondriaan_Anatyahu_2013.pdf
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Athena:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athena-Greek-mythology
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3296569
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aphrodite-Greek-mythology
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ishtar-Mesopotamian-goddess
Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n18/mode/1up
Dunlap (1894) (PP. 75):
Massey (1883) (Vol. 2 p. 296):
Venus de Milo (150-125 B.C.) (Louvre Museum) by Shonagon (Wikipedia):
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V%C3%A9nus_de_Milo_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_AGER_LL_299_;_N_527_;_Ma_399.jpg
Athena Parthenos (440 B.C.) (University of Cambridge, Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases, Varvakeion Athena Parthenos):
https://museum.classics.cam.ac.uk/collections/casts/varvakeion-athena-parthenos
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/kgw3kugJyd7QB44L8
-2013 edition (p. 142):
-2000 edition (V1: Ninhursag):
-V2 (Damkina is Ninhursag, and Ninki):
-V3 (Ninhursag):
https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofan0000coul/page/346/mode/2up?q=ninhursag
Trzaskoma et al., (2016) (P. 443):https://books.google.com/books?id=jmr9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA443&dq=Damkina+Ninhursag&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjCs42FvLCLAxVoD1kFHWilA2c4FBDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Damkina%20Ninhursag&f=false
Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP. 17 and 70):
9.) Dumuzi:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dumuzi-Abzu:https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dumuzi-Abzu
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana#:~:text=Dumuzi%2DAmaushumgalana%2C%20in%20Mesopotamian%20religion,Lady%20of%20the%20Date%20Clusters.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tammuz:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tammuz-Mesopotamian-god
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/CgMM1BzFbadGDksm8
Lambert and Winters (2023; in George and Krebernik, 2023) (PP. 266, 268, 270, 518, and 586):
https://dokumen.pub/an-anum-and-related-lists-god-lists-of-ancient-mesopotamia-orientalische-religionen-in-der-antike-1-9783161613821-9783161613838-3161613821.html
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (P. 158):
https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&pg=PA158&dq=dumuzi+planet%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_x9bclsmKAxVZEFkFHdikBRsQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=dumuzi%20planet%C2%A0&f=false
Claus (1972) (Vol. 4 p. 46):
https://archive.org/details/historyofoldtest0004sche/page/46/mode/1up?q=Asherah
-V2 (Snippet):
https://books.google.com/books?id=mRUbkByWSL4C&q=History+of+the+Old+Testament%0D%0Aby+Schedl,+Claus+vol.+4+melkart&dq=History+of+the+Old+Testament%0D%0Aby+Schedl,+Claus+vol.+4+melkart&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIycWansOJAxVWKlkFHR0-FXYQ6AF6BAgMEAM#melkart%20setting%20sun
Brown (1899) (Vol. 1 p. 231):
https://books.google.com/books?id=WW5AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA357&dq=poseidon+dagon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjenv209cOJAxW7M1kFHSjwMnoQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea&f=false
Langdon (1931 [1964 reprint]):
https://archive.org/details/MythologyOfAllRacesVolume5/page/n59/mode/2up?q=Yahweh
Hommel (1897) (P. 68):
https://books.google.com/books?id=l6o2AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=professor+hommel+ancient+hebrew+tradition&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5zszthrGFAxVOFlkFHSQeApgQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Ea%20&f=false
Bremmer (2019) (PP. 293-294):
https://books.google.com/books?id=5I_HDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA292&dq=dumuzi+adonis&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC1Lrm5-KKAxWEMVkFHYsgHv0Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=dumuzi%20adonis&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Adonis:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Adonis-Greek-mythology
Hewitt (1901) (P. 29):
https://books.google.com/books?id=AV0AAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=Tan+Akkadian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihmP6g-MiKAxXPk4kEHXBuMdUQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Tan%20Akkadian%20god&f=false
Mark 16:1-2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/mark/16.htm
John 19:25:
-NASB:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/john/19.htm
-BSB:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/john/19.htm
Livingstone (1986) (P. 194):
https://archive.org/details/mysticalmytholog0000livi/page/194/mode/1up?q=o+175+Enki
3.2. Dyeus Pater: Saturn in Eurasia:
Zeus from the Vatican Museum, Vatican City by Vladimir Wrangel (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Zeus):
Now, we head to the continent of Eurasia. According to Tucker (1890), the people of the "Baltic shores" worshipped the god Dyeus-pater, which represented "Heaven" and "the all-father." The "earth was the all-mother, and the rest of gods and men were the offspring of this pair." Being the "highest divinity-Dyeus, 'the brilliant,' the shining, and Pater, 'the father.' The name Dyeus is in the word "Tuesday, 'the day of Tiu.'" Tiu "is the Germanic pronunciation of the name." Dyeus was also "Jupiter of the Romans, the Zeus-pater of the Greeks, the Djaus-pitar of the old Hindus," (p. 32).
According to Briggs (2003), Dyeus was a "shinning god of the sky" that destroyed enemies with lightning, and controlled the rain (Chapter D):
According to Winn (1995), it seems that Dyeus Pater is the original Indo-European version of the name Dyaus Pitar. Dyeus evolved to be Dyaus in India, Zeus/Zeus pater in Greece, Jupiter in Latin (Rome), and Tiu in old English or Tyr in Iceland. The day Tuesday is named after Tiw ("Tiw's day"). In Iran, he became "heaven" and was "Replaced by a new god." In Slavic religion, his name survives as "duzdi" and "dozd" (Russian). These names mean "'rain'" or "'bad sky'" (pp. 81-82). So, the name evolved from Dyeus to Dyaus, and then to Zeus and other names. Dyeus Pater, or Dyeus, being associated with the "bright sky" or "shinning sky," and "heaven," reminds me of Uranus, who was also called "heaven." Dyeus' symbols included "solar images" (the sun), and below the solar images were "weapons and a plowing figure" (p. 82). The plow was a symbol of Zeus, Dagon, Enlil, and Enki. The names of Dyeus are also stated in The Christian Remembrancer (Volume 56, p. 168, Article 8).
Uranus, Cronus, and Zeus, were three different forms of Zeus. Now, we're going to take a look at the two other deities that make up Dyeus' trinity:
3.) Hephaestus-Vulcan:
Aside from being Zeus' son, Hephaestus-Vulcan was Zeus himself. We already know that he was Velchanos/Zeus Velchanos. Sanchoniatho said that Hephaestus-Vulcan, also called Chysor, was called Zeus Michius. The name Zeus Michius was also spelled as Diamichius. Zeus Michius means "Machinator, the great inventor or engineer," (Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 26). Mushet (1837) said that "Sol (or Helios), Saturn, Jupiter (surnamed Ammon) , and Vulcan, were all one; being titles of the chief deity,-the sun," (pp. 235-236). Finally, Smith (2020) said that Kothar and El could be "differentiations of the wise god, Ea/Enki, and possibly as divine instantiations of their very names." The same could be said for "Baal, Yamm, and Mot, as well as Shapshu and Yarih," (in Ferrara and Huffmon, 2020, p. 49 note 115).
5.) Hermes-Mercury:
Creation of Man by Prometheus (3rd century A.D.) at the Louvre Museum (See, 2014, p. 39 Figure 1-1):
Prometheus was a Greek Titan, but also a god. He was, in particular, "the supreme trickster, and a god of fire." He was also "a master craftsman." Prometheus tricked Zeus "into accepting the bones and fat of sacrifice instead of the meat." As punishment, Zeus "hid fire from the mortals." Prometheus "stole it and returned it to Earth." Zeus, in return, created Pandora and had her unleash calamities upon mankind by opening the "jar that she carried." Zeus is also said to have chained Prometheus to a mountain where an eagle eats his liver (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Prometheus). Interestingly, Vulcan is stated as being the creator of Pandora as well. He made her out of clay (Lang, 2023, Prometheus and Pandora [p. 3]). Then again, Vulcan is Zeus as stated previously, so Zeus did create Pandora anyway.
Prometheus is also credited with creating mankind (Williams College, Creation Myths: Greek Creation Myth). He did this with clay/mud. Athena helped too (Langdon, 1915, p. 31) (See, 2014, p. 39), and this can be seen on the Creation of Man by Prometheus relief from Italy (3rd century A.D./C.E.) (See, 2014, p. 39). Athena gave mankind their souls (Langdon, p. 31) (See, 2014, p. 39).
West (1994) said that Prometheus was Ea-Enki (pp. 129, 141, and 143-144). Hawthorne (1887) said that Prometheus was Zeus (pp. 10-11). Both individuals, along with Apollo, were the "newborn sun" that conquered winter (p. 10). Prometheus and Zeus were also Yao/Iao/Adonis (p. 11). St. Clair (1901) said that "Prometheus is assumed to have moved round with Zeus from spring to autumn," and that Prometheus' "place" was the "autumn equinox," (Vol. 1 pp. 344 and 375).
Apollo Belvedere (recreation) (130-140 A.D.) (The Wilcox Classical Museum at the University of Kansas):Apollo, also called Phoebus, was a son of Zeus/Jupiter and a god "connected with the Sun." In fact, the name "Phoebus means 'bright' or 'pure.'" He seems to have turned into a god of rules and justice "from the time of Homer onward." Of note, "he slew Python, the serpent that guarded" Delphi. Second, "He established his oracle by taking on the guise of a dolphin," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Apollo, para. 1 and 3). As noted before, the dolphin was a symbol of Poseidon. Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) said that Apollo, or Apollon, might've "originated in Asia and was probably a Hittite god (Hobal)." He was the "God of Light," "God of Prophecy," "medicine, music, the lyre and archery." Apollo was also equated to the god Reshep, a Babylonian god (pp. 62-63). Hobal and Reshep are interesting. Resheph is Nergal (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Resheph). Hab'al's (Hobal) name originally probably meant "He-B'al (the lord) and later confused with Abel, the son of Adam." Habal's "consorts are Allat and Al-ozzah," (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 200). Allat is Ellat and Ilat (p. 37). Natan (2006) said that Hubal was Jupiter, and Allat is the female version of Allah (Vol. 2 pp. 168-169, and 390). Allat is Asherah! This would make Habal Enlil! Natan (2006) said that Hubal wasn't Allah (Vol. 2 p. 168). However, if Habal was Allat's partner, then he was. Apollo is Enlil, and Nergal. Apollo being a sun god, and a god of laws and justice, seems to equate him to Adad-Shamash-Nusku as well.
Dyeus Pater was the Saturn of Eurasia. All of the gods can be equated to him.
Links:
https://books.google.com/books?id=OJVMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA32&dq=dyeus+pater&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimuMmzrJuGAxXOMlkFHZxLDrMQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=dyeus%20pater&f=false
Briggs (2003) (Chapter D):
https://books.google.com/books?id=aqDC5bwx4_wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yahweh+aztec+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA8paF7qGCAxVqFlkFHU2uCsgQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus
Smith (1884) (P. 148):
https://books.google.com/books?id=us3Y7a9AhOYC&pg=PA155-IA3&dq=el+elu+deity&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9q66_0J-CAxVSFlkFHaBfAesQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=el%20elu%20deity&f=false
Winn (1995) (PP. 23, 81-82):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-UCU0I918bsC&pg=PA81&dq=dyeus+dyaus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1grOn_N2DAxWAGFkFHTqlDRAQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=dyeus%20dyaus&f=false
Frazer (1926) (PP. 66-67):
The Christian Remembrancer. Volume 56. Article 8:
-Home:
https://vulgate.org/ot/genesis_1.htm
Hampson (1841) (P. 54 note 2):
Paul (1904) (P. 79):
Leeming (2005) (P. 128):
Bell (2018 [2020 edition]) (PP. 19-20):
Drummond and Walpole (1810) (P. 62).
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):
Cook (1914) (Vol. 2):
Marks (2020; in Pache et al., 2020) (Mythic Background):
https://books.google.com/books?id=BVnSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123&dq=Anu+Zeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9rtbChuCCAxWFEFkFHdRkBhYQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Anu%20Zeus&f=false
Romer (2020; in Burian et al., 2020) (P. 202):
Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 208):
Kavanagh (1871) (Vol. 1 p. 19):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Quirinius:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quirinus
Lehmann (1993) (P. 265):
Mackenzie (1907) (PP. 259 and 261):
https://sacred-texts.com/egy/eml/eml31.htm
Budge (1904) (Vol. 2 pp. 283-284):
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seth-Egyptian-god
Seltman (1956) (P. 33):
https://archive.org/details/twelveolympianst0000char/page/33/mode/1up?q=Potei+Dan
Uranus statue in the Pergamon Museum (Wikipedia):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altar_P%C3%A9rgamo_Urano_01.JPG
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Uranus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uranus-mythology
Griswold (1910) (P. 31):
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1 p. 8):
Leeming (2005) (P. 128):
Colavito (2014) (P. 43):
Chronos by Ignaz Gunther (1765-1770) from the Bayerisches National Museum:
https://www.bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de/en/collection/highlights/00057847
Lyle (2012) (PP. 105-106):
The Christian Remembrancer. Volume 56. Article 8:
https://books.google.com/books?id=UnsIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA353&dq=Kronos%C2%A0Lycaeus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXweDipeCJAxViEVkFHSc-KzQQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Kronos%C2%A0Lycaeus&f=false
Hutchinson (1901) (P. 13):
Jongh et al., (2000) (P. 408):
University of Pennsylvania. Penn Art and Sciences: Art and Archaeology of the Mediterranean World. Mount Lykaion (Greece):
https://aamw.sas.upenn.edu/aamw/resources/fieldwork/mount-lykaion-greece
Duncker (1881) (Vol. 1 p. 432):
ToposText. Zeus Atabyrios (Rhodes) 6 Mt. Atavyros:
https://topostext.org/place/362279SAta
Dunlap (1858):
Eilenstein (2018) (P. 612 [German]):
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jupiter-Roman-god
-Book 3 (University of Chicago):
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cicero/de_Natura_Deorum/3A*.html
-V2 (All books) (ToposText):
https://topostext.org/work.php?work_id=137
Dowden (2006) (P. 105):
Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720 translation):
https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up
-V2:
https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V3 (By Philo):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus
Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) (P. 90):
https://books.google.com/books?id=aqDC5bwx4_wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=yahweh+aztec+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA8paF7qGCAxVqFlkFHU2uCsgQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Enlil&f=false
Caquot and Sznycer (1980) (P. 13):
https://books.google.com/books?id=S4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=Baal+beard&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzjo7U36X3AhWKq3IEHdeiAm8Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Bull&f=false
University of Pennsylvania. ORACC. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Enlil/Ellil:
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enlil/index.html
Fontenrose (2022) (P. 157):
https://books.google.com/books?id=CjNnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157&dq=kronos+enlil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxnse1m_39AhVokYkEHfhiBkwQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=kronos%20enlil&f=false
Cook (1914):
https://books.google.com/books?id=lq1DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA409&dq=dagon+god+of+corn&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKgJr1mMyDAxWiF1kFHSitAjkQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=dagon%20god%20of%20corn&f=false
Dowling (1913) (P. 73):
Tartu (2001) (PP. 14 and 20):
https://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol16/planets.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Marduk
Nehemiah 10:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/nehemiah/10.htm
Psalm 81:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/81.htm
Josephus. Antiquity of the Jews. Book 12:
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/josephus/ant-12.html
Pietersma and Bright (2007):
West (2007 [2008 edition]) (P. 183):
https://books.google.com/books?id=yhdREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA185&dq=dyeus+bull&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitlvXN_ICEAxXSElkFHbPJB4oQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=dyeus%20bull&f=false
Brown (1877) (Vol. 1) (P. 55):
https://books.google.com/books?id=gnQBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA53&dq=iau+zeus+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjfjcjQwrKCAxWVNGIAHVuoBVkQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=iau%20zeus%20god&f=false
Rev. Taylor (1833) (PP. 340-341):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hades:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hades-Greek-mythology
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sol:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sol-Roman-god
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Helios:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Helios-Greek-god
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Apollo:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-Greek-mythology
Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 77):
Brown, 1898, pp. 119-120):
Rhyn (1895) (P. 7):
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_sachiel.html
Livius. Zeus on a coin of Alexander the Great:
https://www.livius.org/pictures/a/alexander/zeus-on-a-coin-of-alexander-the-great/
Center for Online Judaic Studies. Zeus Coin:
Deuteronomy 32:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/deuteronomy/32.htm
Parke-Taylor (1975 [2006 edition]) (P. 49):
Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
-(V2) Vol. 1, pp. 498-499):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Jupiter:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jupiter-Roman-god
White (1900) (PP. 31 and 90):
https://books.google.com/books?id=HIRhDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=roman+gods+list&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJxOm1oLqBAxVxFFkFHQzdBdkQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=snippet&q=jupiter%20zeus&f=false
Genesis 17:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/17.htm
Luke 1:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/luke/1.htm
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Covenant:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/covenant-religion
Matthew 5:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/matthew/5.htm
The New International Encyclopaedia (Second Edition) (1915) (Vol. 12 p. 625):
Vasileiades and Gordon (2021):
Sophocles (1854) (PP. 50 and 60):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Greek Alphabet:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/alphabet-writing/Greek-alphabet
University of Arkansas. The Bibliotheke. Greek Alphabet and Pronunciation. 2011:
Langdon (1918) (P. 434):
https://zenodo.org/records/1505573
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2021 edition]) (P. 161):
Kershaw (1997) (PP. 160-161):
Litwa (2019):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en
Epiphaneus. Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 (Williams, 2009 translation) P. 98):
Claus (1972) (Vol. 4 p. 46):
https://archive.org/details/historyofoldtest0004sche/page/46/mode/1up?q=Asherah
-V2 (Snippet):
Mallory and Adams (1997) (P. 19):
https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Anu+Dyeus+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCpb2SsoiFAxXEGFkFHc8nAlA4PBDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Aurgelmir:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aurgelmir#ref106583
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2020 edition]) (P. 358):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tyr:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tyr
Winn (1995) (PP. 81-82):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-UCU0I918bsC&pg=PA81&dq=dyeus+dyaus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1grOn_N2DAxWAGFkFHTqlDRAQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=dyeus%20dyaus&f=false
Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) (P. 83):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Thor:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thor-Germanic-deity
Bhattacharji (1970 [2016 edition]) (P. 24):
Palmer (1999 [in Dorson, 1999]) (P. 179):
Seltman (1956) (P. 33):
https://archive.org/details/twelveolympianst0000char/page/33/mode/1up?q=Potei+Dan
Hewitt (1901) (P. 29):
Hewitt (1907) (Vol. 1 pp. 188-194):
Seltman (1954; in Quennell and Hodge, 1954) (P. 190):
Louvre Collections. Figurines: AO 11598:
https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010136311
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Selene:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Selene-Greek-and-Roman-mythology
Selene in her Chariot (3rd century A.D.) (Metropolitan Museum of Art) (Marie-Lan Nguyen) (Wikipedia):
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarcophagus_Selene_Endymion_Met_47.100.4ab_n03.jpg
Williamson (2021):
https://brill.com/display/book/9789004461277/BP000013.xml
-Figure 3.15A-E (Dates given):
2.) Poseidon:
Taylor (2022; in Mankey and Taylor, 2022) (Poseidon):
The Christian Remembrancer. Volume 56. Article 8:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Poseidon:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poseidon
Vida (1944):
https://fdocuments.us/document/el-elyon-in-genesis-1418-20.html?page=1
-V2:
https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/sblpress/jbl/article/63/1/1/190491
-V3:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3262503
Smith (1876):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Chaldean_Account_of_Genesis/wqHj8AWy9C0C?hl=en
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ea:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ea
Kramer (1963) (P. 197):
Burkert (1977 [1985 translation]) (PP. 136-137):
https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/136/mode/1up?view=theater
-V2:
Horowitz (1998) (PP. 109-111):
Seltman (1956) (P. 33):
https://archive.org/details/twelveolympianst0000char/page/33/mode/1up?q=Potei+Dan
Chadwick (1976):
Castleden (2005):
Franklin (1784; in Franklin, 1788, Vol. 7):
-V2:
Hamilton (1820) (PP. 385, 387-388):
Jones (1798; in Memoirs of Science and the Arts, 1798) (P. 24):
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/b28749856/page/n5/mode/2up
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Asariel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_asariel.html
Parker (2017) (P. 94):
Barre (1983) (PP. 81-82):
https://archive.org/details/godlistintreatyb0000barr_u9v9/page/80/mode/1up?q=Poseidon+&view=theater
Amzallag (2023) (P. 53):
Hewitt (1907) (Vol. 1 pp. 193-194):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Typhon:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Typhon
Williamson (2021):
https://brill.com/display/book/9789004461277/BP000013.xml
-Figure 3.15A-E (Dates given):
https://images.app.goo.gl/hJiS4FHZSz5tPMhx6
Colavito (2014) (P. 43):
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Sachiel-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_sachiel.html
Duke (1971):
3.) Hades-Dionysus:
Heraklion Museum. Isis-Persephone and Sarapis-Hades. 180-190 A.D.:
https://heraklionmuseum.gr/en/exhibit/isis-persephone-and-sarapis-hades/
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/bHsBVti1LxA3jnzN8
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hades:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hades-Greek-mythology
Stornoway (2019) (P. 196):
https://books.google.com/books?id=ML_PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA196&dq=zeus+katachthonios&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiShZu85cWEAxUXKFkFHUpcBccQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=zeus%20katachthonios&f=false
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2020 edition]) (PP. 153 and 201):
https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA153&dq=Hades+Dis%C2%A0&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirvsC--8mEAxW7MVkFHZrXAHYQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=Hades%20Dis%C2%A0&f=false
Daly and Rengel (2009) (P. 145):
https://books.google.com/books?id=c7cNB-JaZA8C&pg=PT159&dq=Hades+Dis+Pater&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDib7n-cmEAxXUN2IAHTenDboQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Hades%20Dis%20Pater&f=false
White (1871 [2022 edition]) (P. 57):
Hampson (1841) (P. 54 note 2):
Gale (1672) (P. 99):
Sibley (2009):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-n_7HqapeggC&pg=PA45&dq=Ishkur+lightning+fork&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4vrvrlvWEAxWxrokEHWcSBes4ChDoAXoECAkQAw#v=onepage&q=Ishkur%20lightning%20fork&f=false
Eilenstein (2018) (P. 612 [German]):
Bacchus Richelieu (100/150 A.D.) (Louvre Collections, statue [Bacchus Richelieu]):
Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/95Gn7iFAVLdyfWzS6
Website:
https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010279168
Livius. Roman-Jewish Wars. Pompey's Siege of Jerusalem:
https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/roman-jewish-wars/
Flood (2021) (P. 83 notes 118 and 120):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QYxFEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Great+Mosque+of+Damascus:+Studies+on+the+Makings+of+an+Umayyad+Visual+Culture+(Brill,+2001)&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkjNm7oen8AhWrKFkFHawcCKwQ6AF6BAgBEAE#v=onepage&q&f=false
University of Chicago. Florus. The Epitome of Roman History. Book 1 Chapter 40. The Mithridatic War:
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Florus/Epitome/1K*.html
Unwin (1996) (P. 79):
https://books.google.com/books?id=U6XRp6gY8ucC&pg=PA79&dq=gods+associated+with+vines&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1voybxMOBAxUTGVkFHTo9CuQQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=gods%20associated%20with%20vines&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dionysus:
Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Blavatsky (1891) (Vol. 2):
Rev. Taylor (1833) (PP. 339-341):
Cook (1914):
-Vol. 1:
Acts of the Apostles 26:
-KJV:
https://biblehub.com/kjv/acts/26.htm
-YLT:
https://biblehub.com/ylt/acts/26.htm
Eurypides. The Bacchae:
Aratus of Soli. The Phainomena (R. Brown translation):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Aratus:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aratus-Greek-poet
Acts of the Apostles 17:
-KJV:
https://biblehub.com/kjv/acts/17.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/acts/17.htm
-YLT:
https://biblehub.com/ylt/acts/17.htm
Acharya S (2004) (P. 121):
https://books.google.com/books?id=rey19p_ycHUC&pg=PA121&dq=iahu+greek+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX7YmHzNqCAxUPFlkFHRM4DZ0Q6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=iahu%20greek%20god&f=false
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Azrael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_azrael.html
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2021 edition]) (P. 152):
The Orphic Hymns (Athanassakis and Wolkow, 2013 translation) (P. 40):
Dr. Drozdek (2007) (PP. 39-40):
Dunlap (1858) (P. 110):
Massey (1883) (Vol. 1 p. 417):
Elderkin (1961) (P. 62):
Legge (1915) (Vol. 1 p. 130):
Faber (1816) (Vol. 2 p. 292):
Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 253 note 7):
Shaw (2024) (Ch. 11. Theurgic and Tantric Deification: Dionysus and Shiva [pp. 3-4]):
Merrifield (2008) (P. 120):
https://books.google.com/books?id=aj9MQX8RA9EC&pg=PA120&dq=dionysus+donkey&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwih25rSvJeLAxXSmYkEHSSYA5wQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=dionysus%20donkey&f=false
Mitchell (2018) (P. 145):
Dunlap (1858):
4.) Hephaestus:
Jones (2009) (P. 84):
Tugendhaft (2016; in Grafton and Most, 2016, p. 173; p. 175 Table 8.1; p. 180):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Kothar:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kothar
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hephaestus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hephaestus
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ptah:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ptah
Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
V2:
https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up
Mushet (1837) (PP. 235-236):
https://books.google.com/books?id=TENKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+trinities+of+the+ancients+robert&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk8ZqO8Z2FAxUHD1kFHXMrB1wQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=sol%20saturn%20jupiter&f=false
Smith (2020; in Ferrara and Huffmon, 2020, p. 49 note 115):
Lang (2023) (Prometheus and Pandora [p. 3]):
Hall (1914 [1915 edition]) (P. 147):
https://books.google.com/books?id=MLTh6Ba8w2IC&pg=PA526&dq=Velchanos+Vulcan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjug6XN676KAxU9MlkFHXzBN8wQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Velchanos%20Vulcan&f=false
Hus (1962) (PP. 92 and 113):
https://archive.org/details/greekromanreligi0130husa/page/112/mode/2up?q=velchanos&view=theater
5.) Hermes:
https://www.museumconservation.ru/data/works/Esteban_Murillo/index.php?lang=en
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Raphael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_raphael.html
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mercury-Roman-god
Enyclopaedia Britannica. Hermes:https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hermes-Greek-mythology
Harrison et al., (1927) (PP. 294-295):
Buckert (1977 [1985 edition]) (P. 65):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Thoth:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thoth#:~:text=Thoth%2C%20in%20Egyptian%20religion%2C%20a,shared%20with%20the%20goddess%20Seshat.
Boylan (1922) (P. 102 note 1):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Odin:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Odin-Norse-deity
Bhattacharji (1970 [2016 edition]) (P. 24):
https://books.google.com/books?id=I9W4Hlx4_VEC&pg=PT110&dq=Horus+lost+eye+sun&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj39oDljOeCAxWqM1kFHWpyAd4Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Horus%20lost%20eye%20sun&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Eye of Horus:
Losch (2001 [2002 edition]) (P. 53):
Palmer (1999 [in Dorson, 1999]) (P. 179):
https://books.google.com/books?id=kwO5OQGgENYC&pg=PA179&dq=odin+left+eye+moon&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtx9r4xu-DAxWFFVkFHbT-CcgQ6AF6BAgDEAI#v=onepage&q=odin%20left%20eye%20moon&f=false
Creswell (1914) (P. 498):
Cook 1914:
-Vol. 1 (PP. 668-669):
https://books.google.com/books/about/Zeus.html?id=9e9gpRpZWCYC&printsec=frontcover&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_entity&hl=en&gl=US#v=snippet&q=chthonios&f=false
-Vol. 2 (PP. 14 and 829):
https://books.google.com/books?id=xXzQAAAAMAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=chthonios&f=false
Majumdar (1909) (P. 89).
https://books.google.com/books?id=X4VLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA89&dq=Odin+Varuna&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj07ozLncqEAxWAMlkFHSsSD2YQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Odin%20Varuna&f=false
Oldenberg (1988) (P. 96):
https://books.google.com/books?id=uKeubCiBOPQC&pg=PA96&dq=the+sun+is+the+eye+of+varuna&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXgMq3ucqEAxW2KlkFHYmBBSsQ6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=the%20sun%20is%20the%20eye%20of%20varuna&f=false
Beck (1997; in Etzioni and Carney, 1997) (P. 77):
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2020 edition]) (P. 358):
Burkert (1977 [1985 translation]). (P. 65):
https://archive.org/details/greekreligion0000burk/page/65/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Hermes
-V2:
Smith (1848 [1873 edition]). Zeus:
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DZ%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dzeus-bio-5
Rhyn (1895) (P. 7):
Wake (1870) (P. 211):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-nFQAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA211&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
-V2 (P. 59; full paper starts on p. 33):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zuQlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA59&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
Mallory and Adams (1997) (P. 19):
https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Anu+Dyeus+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCpb2SsoiFAxXEGFkFHc8nAlA4PBDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Anu&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Aurgelmir:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aurgelmir#ref106583
6.) Ares:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_samael.html
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ares:Epiphaneus. Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 (P. 98) (Williams, 2009 translation):
Litwa (2019):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tyr:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tyr
Winn (1995) (PP. 81-82):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-UCU0I918bsC&pg=PA81&dq=dyeus+dyaus&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1grOn_N2DAxWAGFkFHTqlDRAQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=dyeus%20dyaus&f=false
Jordan (2004 [2014 edition]) (P. 83):
Tice (1997 [2007 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=GYmubiLkrncC&printsec=frontcover&dq=jehovah+the+devil&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNzLXQxaz1AhV0onIEHRMrD4w4ChDoAXoECAMQAw
-V2:
https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=GYmubiLkrncC&printsec=frontcover&lr=&num=20&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2#v=snippet&q=Jesus&f=false
The Apocryphon of John:
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/nag_hammadi/apocjn.htm
Jewish Virtual Library. Samael:
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/samael
2 Samuel 24:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/2_samuel/24.htm
1 Chronicles 21:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/1_chronicles/21.htm
Clare (1910) (P. 196):
7.) Prometheus:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Prometheus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prometheus-Greek-god
Lang (2023) (Prometheus and Pandora [p. 3]):
Williams College. Creation Myths: Greek Creation Myth:
https://www.cs.williams.edu/~lindsey/myths/myths_16.html
Langdon (1915) (P. 31):
See (2014) (P. 39):
West, Stephanie. Prometheus Orientalized. 1994. JSTOR. PP. 129, 141, and 143-144:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24818292
Hawthorne (1887) (PP. 10-11):
St. Clair (1901) (Vol. 1 pp. 344 and 375):
8.) Apollo-Helios:
Apollo Belvedere (recreation) (130-140 A.D.) (The Wilcox Classical Museum at the University of Kansas):
https://wilcox.ku.edu/s/wilcox/item/11600
https://www.britannica.com/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Resheph
Natan (2006) (Vol. 2):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Helios:
Stone (2001 [2022 edition]) (Vol. 2 p. 127):
Dunlap (1894) (PP. 5, 208-209):
Parsons (1895):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Mithras:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mithra
3.3. Atum: Saturn in Africa:
Atum (Talbott, 1980, p. 11 Figure 1):
Now, we're in Africa. I wanted to go in order of the continents, but we had to start in the Middle East in order to understand the pattern used to identify Saturn. We will use Ea as an example for identifying Saturn in Africa, and we will focus on the Egyptian pantheon.
Re-Horakhty statue (1069-664 B.C.) (Art Institute of Chicago) (American Research Center in Egypt):
In Fayyum, the oldest city in Egypt dating to the "fifth millennium B.C.," (Bagnall and Rathbone, 2004, p. 127), or "4,000 B.C.," (Rol Cruize, 2023, The oldest cities in the world, Faiyum, Egypt), the god worshipped there was Sebek. Sebek was later equated to Re as "Sebek-Re," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sebek) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Re, para. 2) (Remler, 2000, p. 180). Re (or Ra) originated in On/Heliopolis (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Re, para. 2), which is where the god Atum was worshipped (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Atum, para. 1). Not surprisingly, Re was equated to Atum under the name "Atum-Re," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Re), or "Re-Atum" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Atum, para. 2). Re was equated to other gods as well, such as Amon (Amon-Re), Khnum/Chnum (Khnum-Re), and Horus-Harakhte (Re-Harakhty). Re gets his famous falcon-headed form from Horus under the name Re-Harakhty. Re rose "from the ocean of chaos on the primeval hill, creating himself and then in return engendering eight other gods." He also fought the "evil serpent Apopis (Apepi)" to "be born again for the new day," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Re) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Horus, para. 2) (Leeming, 2009, p. 403). Hari (1985) said that Re had "three forms" at Heliopolis: Re-Harakhty as the rising sun, Re as the midday sun, and Atum as the setting sun (p. 15).
Sobek (Sebek) was also equated to Horus as Sobek-Horus (Ragheb, 2023, para. 6-7). Horus is an interesting deity. There are two main versions of Horus: Horus the Elder (Heru-ur/Heruwer), and Horus the Younger (Budge, 1904, Vol. 1 pp. 467-468) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Horus, para. 2). Horus the Elder was the son of Ra (Re) and Hathor, or Cronus-Seb and Rhea-Nut, and was the brother of Osiris. Horus the Elder "was the twin god of Set," and the Face of Horus that represented the day. Seth represented "the Face by night" of Horus. Seth and Horus were depicted as a single individual with the heads of both Seth and Horus. At Ombos, Horus the Elder was equated to the god Shu, who is also the son of Ra (Re). He also seems to have been equated to Amen (Amon), and other gods that represented the rising sun (Budge, 1904, Vol. 1 pp. 467-468, and 475). Budge goes on to say that Horus the Younger/the Child was also the rising sun. He has multiple forms. Most notably, he was Horus of Hebennu the son of Isis. This Horus was also equated to the god Anubis. Interestingly, one version of Horus the Younger, called Heru-behutet, is the creator god who "created himself" and the other gods. He also "rises with golden disk as the holy beetle of gold." This version of Horus the Younger was equated to Osiris, and fights Seth (p. 475). Eventually, Horus the Elder and Hebennu (Younger) were seen as the same individual (pp. 468-469, and 494). Encyclopaedia Britannica said that all of the different versions of Horus were the same individual (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Horus, para. 2). Horus, as the son of Isis and Osiris (Horus the Younger), is known for being the antagonist of Seth. This represented the struggle between Upper and Lower Egypt (para. 5). Horus to both Cronus, and Zeus. Horus was equated to the planet Saturn (Budge, 1904, Vol. 2 pp. 302-303) (Budge, 2004 [2013 edition], p. 244), or Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars (Budge, 2004 [2013 edition], p. 223) (Campion, 2012, p. 89). Horus was Cronus, Zerus, and Ares! Finally, Atum and Horus were equated in a hymn from "Spell 15 in The Book of the Dead" as "Atum-Horakhty." Atum-Horakhty was also equated to Re in the hymn (Campion, 2012, p. 88).
Atum was the god of Heliopolis (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Atum, para. 1) (Allen, 2016, p. 96). He was "'born in the Abyss (Primeval Waters) before the sky existed, before the earth existed.'" He was probably called "the spirit in the Primeval Waters." He is stated as having "no companion when my name came into existence." Atum also had various names, such as Horus, Ra, Amen, and Ptah (Talbott, 1980, pp. 11-12). The Primeval Waters, or "primordial waters of chaos," was the god Nun. Atum was 'one of the manifestations of the sun and creator god." He "engendered himself and the gods," and was "the setting sun." He was depicted "as an aged figure who had to be regenerated at night, to appear as Khepri at dawn and as Re during the sun's zenith." Atum was also assimilated into Re as "Re-Atum," along with the god Khepri (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Atum) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Re) (Luckert, 1991, p 65). All of the Egyptian gods were emanations of Atum (Luckert, 1991, p. 129). Re, Horus (Heru-behutet), and Atum, had the same origin story.
Shu (bottom center) holding the sky goddess (above) from the earth god (below Shu) from the British Museum (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Shu):
Tem (Atum) was also stated to have had a trinity, made up of the gods Shu and Tefnut, based on "one tradition," (Budge, 1923, p. 58). The Egyptian god Shu is the god of the air/atmosphere/wind, and is the son of Atum/Ra-Atum-Khepra (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Shu) (Shorter, 2009, p. 7) (Budge, 1969 [2013 edition], p. 66) (Clair, 1898, pp. 141, 150, 207, and 314). It has also been stated that Shu presented the sun disk/Aten to Akhenaten when he became pharaoh (Budge, 1969 [2013 edition], p. 71). Shu was stated as being Aten, and the sun god Ra-Harakhte, as well (Studies in Biblical Theology, 1967 [1973 edition], p. 70) (Budge, 1969 [2013 edition], p. 71). Tem (Atum) came out of Nemu/Nu, but also "dwelt in the Solar Disk (Aten)," (Budge, 1923, p. 58). Both Atum and Shu were the sun disk. Shu was also the "supporter of heaven, the sun, and the moon" (Clair, 1898, p. 66). He separated the sky (Neith) and earth (Nu) from each other. Nu is the male god (p. 175). Jacob (2005) said that Ellil-Enlil is Shu (pp. 97 and 181). This would make Shu the Egyptian equivalent of Cronus, along with Atum. Tefnut was Shu's "sister and companion," and she was the "goddess of moisture," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Shu). Atum, Shu, and Tefnut, were a trinity in one tradition (Budge, 1923, p. 58). Interestingly, Shu was equated to Jesus "by Christian theologians." In fact, Atum was equated to the Father, Shu was equated to the Son, and Mahet was equated to the Holy Spirit (Luckert, 1991, p. 50). As stated before, Horus (Horus the Elder) was equated to Shu as well.
Khepri was "the god of the morning sun," is "an aspect of the sun god Re," and is symbolized by the scarab beetle (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Khepri, para. 1). The scarab was also a symbol of Yahavah (Ea) in Judea. Taylor (1993) said that there were sun emblems with "lmlk" on Judean jar handles. The emblems are a sun disk with two wings, and a "four-winged scarab," (p. 20). Interestingly enough, Khepri was considered to be a creator god whose story equates with Atum's. Khepri "arose from the primeval chaos, Nun, and created the universe." In another version of that story, Re created the universe as Khepri. After the creation of the universe, Khepri fathered the gods Shu and Tefnut "with his own shadow," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Khepri, para. 4). No wonder Khepri was equated to Atum. As stated previously, the beetle was also the symbol of Horus (Heru-behutet).
In Tablet 1 of the Enuma Elish, Enki kills the "progenitor" father god Apsu, and lives inside him. Apsu is the "deified underground waters," (Horowitz, 1998, pp. 109-111). This coincides with Ea being the "Lord of Apsu-Abzu" (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ea, para. 2). Apsu is the underground water, and Nun was the primordial waters. Nun is also stated to be the "father of Re, the sun god," and "he represented the waters of chaos out of which Re-Atum began creation," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Nun). Enki created man by using a creature and the clay of the abyss (Kramer, 1944 [1961 edition], Ch. 2, pp. 69-70). Enki lives inside Apsu, and Atum lives inside Nun. Enki mother was also Nammu, "the primeval sea" (Kramer, 1944 [1961 edition], Ch. 2, pp. 69-70). Atum is the setting sun. Ea-Enki was also the setting sun (Jacob, 2005, pp. 164-165, 181-182). Horus (Heru-behutet) "created the deep that it might serve as a place wherein to hide his body." He also comes "from the abyss of Nu" with the help of Nephthys, and Isis (Budge, 1904, Vol. 1 p. 475). Ea, and Atum-Re-Khepri-Horus, are the same god.
Atum was even equated to the Christian god "by Christian theologians." Atum was equated to the Father, Shu was equated to the Son, and Mahet was equated to the Holy Spirit (Luckert, 1991, p. 50).
There were "four main creator deities" in Egypt: "Amun, Atum, Khnum, and Ptah," (Allen, 2016, p. 96). We've already talked about Atum, so let's focus on the next three deities.
Gold-plated silver figure of Amun-Ra (The British Museum):Amon, also spelled as Ammon, Amun, Amen, and Amana, was the "king of the gods." He was "identified with the sun god Re," and became "Amon-Re." Amon-Re was personified as a human "sometimes with a ram's head," or just "as a ram." Amon means "the Hidden One, and his image was painted blue to denote invisibility." Aside from Re, Amon was equated to Ptah. The three gods either "formed a triad," or Re and Ptah became "manifestations" of Amon. Amon "was linked to Jupiter," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Amon). Amun, Re, and Ptah, were equated in "the Leiden Hymn to Amun-Re," (Rea, 2020, Vol. 1 p. 175). Amun, or Amun-Ra, was Baal Hammon in Carthage and Zeus in Greece. Both gods were "depicted with ram's horns," (Thomas, 2019; in Thomas and Alanamu, 2019, p. 45) (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1 pp. 348-349). In other words, Amon was the god of the Ammonites! Baal Hammon "is shown as a bearded old man wearing ram's horns on his head," and is represented as a bull in the Canaanite religion (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2013 edition], p. 87). In Thebes, Amen-Ra was called "Zeus Thebaieus" (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1 pp. 347-348, and 387). Amon was both Cronus and Zeus, once again showing that those two gods were really one entity. As mentioned before, Horus (Horus the Elder) was equated to Amon at Ombos.
2.) Ptah:
Ptah statuette holding the emblems of life and power (600-100 B.C.) from the British Museum (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ptah):
To my surprise, Ea was equated to a god named Kothar wa Hasis. Jones (2009) said that, while Ea and El have similarities, Ea is "explicitly identified [...] with Kothar wa-Hasis." This is "In the Syrian and Canaanite pantheon lists," (p. 84; note 248). In the trilingual WGL god list from Ugarit, Ea, with his names spelled as Aya and Eyan, was Kotaru/Kothar (Tugendhaft, 2016; in Grafton and Most, 2016, p. 173; p. 175 Table 8.1; p. 180). Kothar, or Kothar-wa-Hasis/Khasis, is the "ancient West Semitic god of crafts, equivalent to the Greek god Hephaestus." He was equated to "the Egyptian god Ptah," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Kothar). Hephaestus was the Greek "god of fire." He was called Vulcan in Rome. He was the son of Hera and Zeus, and "A blacksmith and craftsman." He was symbolized by the "volcanic or gaseous fires," which "were often considered to be his workshops," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Hephaestus). The Egyptian god Ptah was a "creator-god and maker of things, a patron of craftsman, especially sculptors," and "a mortuary god" that was represented as a mummy. He was equated to Hephaestus-Vulcan, and he was equated to Seker-Soker and Osiris "to form Ptah-Seker-Osiris." Ptah also had a bull called Apis, which "was called a manifestation of the god who gave oracles." Ptah was the god of Memphis, the capitol of Egypt (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ptah) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Memphis, para. 1).
Aside from being Zeus' son, Hephaestus-Vulcan was Zeus himself. Sanchoniatho said that Hephaestus-Vulcan, also called Chysor, was called Zeus Michius. The name Zeus Michius was also spelled as Diamichius. Zeus Michius means "Machinator, the great inventor or engineer," (Phoenician History [Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation], p. 26). Mushet (1837) said that "Sol (or Helios), Saturn, Jupiter (surnamed Ammon) , and Vulcan, were all one; being titles of the chief deity,-the sun," (pp. 235-236). Finally, Smith (2020) said that Kothar and El could be "differentiations of the wise god, Ea-Enki, and possibly as divine instantiations of their very names." The same could be said for "Baal, Yamm, and Mot, as well as Shapshu and Yarih," (in Ferrara and Huffmon, 2020, p. 49 note 115). This is true, as we have already seen that El (Enllil) and Ea were the same god. Vernon-Harcourt (1838) said that "Phtha," written as "Ptah" in Coptic, is "pater" in Latin and is "father" in English (Vol. 1 p. 365). Massey (1907) said that "Ptah-Tanan" was "Dis pater, the Demiurge." He is the "god of Hades," (Vol. 2 p. 636). Churchward (1924 [2000 edition]) said the same thing (p. 349). This equates Ptah with Dyeus (Hades-Pluto). Acharya S (1999) said that Ptah is Dyaus Pitar/Zeus Pateras, and Pitar and Ptah lead to "'pater,' or 'father,'" (p. 179). Mackenzie (1917) said that the "mountain god" became Thor, Tarku-Teshub, Indra, Zeus, and Ptah. Ptah created the potter's wheel, on which he created the sun, moon, and mankind He also had a hammer, which is the same hammer that the "Hittite father god" had. It caused thunder (pp. xxvii-xxviii, and 171). The Hittite father god was Teshub-Adad. This means that Ptah (and Ea) was Zeus! Leisegang (1955) also said that Ptah had the hammer (in Campbell, 1955 [1978 edition], Vol. 2 p. 257).
The Lord's Prayer also originated from Ptah. "Pater Noster," or "Ptah Noster," means "Our Father," and Ptah means "Father" (Glorian, The Prayer of the Lord).
Ptah means "Father" (Glorian, The Prayer of the Lord, Ptah, para. 4-5):
In a "text from Memphis," Ptah is called "'Ptah of the Earth. The Mother giving birth to Atum' (line 14)," (Churchward, 1924, pp. 241-242). "Ptah of the Earth" sounds like "Lord of the Earth," the title of Ea and Poseidon. "Ptah of the Earth" could also be translated as "Father of the Earth." Ptah also being a "mother" makes him both male and female. Ptah being the father of Atum equates Atum to Adam. I've already discussed this in my "Were Adam and Eve Real?" post.
Ptah was also the "rising sun," (Budge, 1904 [1969 edition], Vol. 1 p. 500) (Leisegang, 1955; in Campbell, 1955 [1978 edition], Vol. 2 p. 257). This firmly equates Ea-Ptah with Zeus-Adad-Baal Samen.
Aside from Asar/Osiris (Ptah-Asar/Ptah-Osiris/Ptah-Seker-Asar) and Seker (Ptah-Seker/Ptah-Seker-Osiris), other gods that were equated to Ptah are Nu (Ptah-Nu), Tem (Ptah-Seker-Tem), and Tanen (Ptah-Tanen) (Budge, 1901, Vol. 1 p. 502). Tem is Atum (Budge, 1923, p. 58). Ptah was equated to Atum.
Osiris, also called Usiri and Usir, is "one of the most important gods of ancient Egypt." In the Egyptian religion, Osiris was killed by Seth. One version of this story ended with Osiris "reincarnated" as the god "Apis." Osiris was "a personification of chthonic (underworld) fertility," and "the embodiment of the dead and resurrected king." The "holy bull," called "Apis, was linked with Osiris, becoming Osiris-Apis." This god would later be called "Serapis" in the Hellenistic period. Osiris was also equated to Dionysus, and Soker (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Osiris) (Coulter and Turner, 2000 [2021 edition], p. 367). Cook (1914) said that "Sarapis was originally the Babylonian god Ea," and that the original title "sar apsi" meant "'King of the Ocean, King of the Deep Sea,'" (Vol. 1 p. 188 note 2). As stated previously, Apis was Ptah's bull.
Osiris has also been equated to another deity called Asher, or Asshur. In the Tanakh, Yahavah said to Moses "I am that I am" (Exodus 3:14 [Interlinear]). The word "asher" apparently means "that" (Bible Hub, Strong's Hebrew, 834. asher), or is usually translated as "'who, that, which'" (Propp, 1998, endnote 3). However, Propp (1998) said that asher might be the name of the god Asher, also called Asshur, who is also Osiris. Asherah is the wife of Asher, just as Elah is Asherah's name when she is married to El. Therefore, Exodus 3:14 should be translated as "I am Asher, I am." Another interesting word in the Tanakh is ashrey, which is the "majestic dual of 'Asher" (endnote 3):
3.) Khnum:
Khnum (sitting) from the Valley of the Queens in Thebes, Egypt (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Khnum):
Khnum was first worshipped in Herwer, but he was later “the great god of Elephantine,” (Cook, 1914, Vol. 1, p. 346) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Khnum). Yahav (Yahavah) was also worshipped in a temple on Elephantine Island (Cornell, 2019, para. 3) (Schipper, 2020, The Persian Period, 5.4: Egypt and the "Jewish/Arameans" of Elephantine) (Kent, 2020, p. 12) (Meyersohn, 2023, The Arrival: Assembly of the seven was described in the Book of Genesis), which is in Nubia (Pope, 2016, p. 106). Interestingly, the Hebrews there were Judeans that were polytheistic. The goddess Anat was worshipped there, and the name “Anat-Yahu” was found in an Aramaic document from the island (Cornell, 2019, para. 4-5) (Schipper, 2020, The Persian Period, 5.4: Egypt and the "Jewish/Arameans" of Elephantine). The Judeans there lived alongside other ethnic people, like Egyptians and Aramaeans (Cornell, 2019, para. 2) (Schipper, 2020, The Persian Period, 5.4: Egypt and the "Jewish/Arameans" of Elephantine). Yahavah was worshipped alongside the other male gods “Khnum, Sati, Bel, Nabu, Shamash, and Nergal,” (Schipper, 2020, The Persian Period, 5.4: Egypt and the "Jewish/Arameans" of Elephantine). The Judeans living there seemed to have shared the same religious practices with Khnum’s worshippers (Meyersohn, 2023, The Arrival: Assembly of the seven was described in the Book of Genesis). One example is that Khnum made man out of clay or dust, just like Yahavah did in Genesis (Hillel, 2006, p. 94) (Genesis 2:7).
Khnum creating man out of clay, like Yahavah (Ea) did (Hillel, 2006, p. 94):
Seth/Khnum/Amun bronze statue (University of Pennsylvania, Discentes, 2023, Figure 9):
Seth/Khnum/Amun bronze statue (University of Pennsylvania, Discentes, 2023, Figure 9):
Seth on magical gem; intaglio (British Museum, magical gem; intaglio):Gem from Litwa (2019) (P. 32 Figure 1.2):As stated before, Horus was Saturn. Seth being Horus equates him to Saturn as well, along with Jupiter and Mars. Horus was also the rising sun, which makes Seth the rising sun. Seth was also equated to the setting sun. Seth is associated with the color "red, for this is the last hue of the setting sun," (Forlong, 1906, Vol. 3 p. 53). Forlong also stated that the donkey was a symbol of the sun. Seth, Osiris, and "Assyrian demons," are represented by the donkey as well (p. 44). Seth being the setting sun equates him to Atum. Seth was both Cronus, Zeus, and Ares. Interestingly, Seth was equated to the planet Mercury (Budge, 1904, Vol. 2 p. 303) (Budge, 2004 [2013 edition], p. 244). As we already know, Hermes is Mercury. Thoth, the Egyptian name of Hermes, was a name given to Seth/Set spelled as "Tet." In Phoenicia, he was Taaut/Esmun-Esculapius the snake god. Seth, Thoth/Tet/Taaut, Saturn, and El/Il, were the same deity (Wake, 1870, pp. 211-213) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Thoth, para. 2). We know that Nabu, who is Mercury in the Middle East, was also Ea. This confirms Seth as being Ea, and Saturn. Thoth was the moon god (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Thoth, para. 1), which means that Seth (and Ea) was also a moon god. In total, Seth was Cronus, Zeus, Ares, Hermes, and Selene.
Links:
1.) Atum:
Talbott (1980) (PP. 11-12):
https://archive.org/details/TalbottDavidTheSaturnMyth1980/page/n10/mode/1up?q=Atum&view=theater
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Atum:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ea:
Horowitz (1998) (PP. 109-111):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nun:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nun-Egyptian-god
Kramer (1944 [1961 edition]) (Ch. 2 PP. 69-70):
https://sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/index.htm
Budge (1923):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Khepri:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khepri
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Shu:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shu-Egyptian-god
Shorter (2009) (PP. 7 and 89):
Budge (1969 [2013 edition]) (P. 66):
Clair (1898):
Studies in Biblical Theology (1967 [1973 edition]) (P. 70):
Jacob (2005):
Luckert (1991) (P. 50):
Bagnall and Rathbone (2004) (P. 127):
https://books.google.com/books?id=5ig4uQC20_IC&dq=SHEDET&pg=PA127#v=onepage&q=SHEDET&f=false
Rol Cruize (2023). The oldest cities in the world:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sebek:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sebek
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Re:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Re
Remler (2000) (P. 180):
Allen (2016) (P. 96):
Re-Horakhty statue (1069-664 B.C.) (Art Institute of Chicago) (American Research Center in Egypt):
https://arce.org/resource/re-sun-king-egyptian-gods/
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Horus:
Leeming (2009) (P. 403):
Hari (1985) (P. 15):
Ragheb (2023):
https://arce.org/resource/rise-sobek-middle-kingdom/
Budge (1904) (Vol. 1):
Budge (1904) (Vol. 2):
Budge (2004 [2013 edition]):
Campion (2012) (P. 88):
2.) Amon:
Gold-plated silver figure of Amun-Ra (The British Museum):
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA60006
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/L66rg4mbfVKb4pRr5
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Amon
Rea (2020) (Vol. 1 p. 175):
Thomas (2019; in Thomas and Alanamu, 2019) (P. 45):
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):
Luckert (1991) (PP. 50, 129, and 131):
Pope (2016) (PP. 98 and 106):
Shaw (1901) (P. 21):
Smith (2008 [2010 editiion]) (PP. 71-72):
Cornelius (1994) (PP. 66-67):
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/142977/1/Cornelius_1994_Reshef_and_Baal.pdf
-V2 (Can't read):
Geisen (2019; in Geisen, 2019) (P. 56 note 41):
Drummond (1825) (Vol. 2 p. 333):
3.) Ptah:
Jones (2009) (P. 84):
Tugendhaft (2016; in Grafton and Most, 2016, p. 173; p. 175 Table 8.1; p. 180):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Kothar:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kothar
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hephaestus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hephaestus
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ptah:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ptah
Sanchoniatho. Phoenician History (Rev. Cumberland, 1720, translation):
https://books.google.com/books?id=g94TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
-V2:
https://archive.org/details/SanchoniathosPhonicianHistory/page/n47/mode/1up
Mushet (1837) (PP. 235-236):
https://books.google.com/books?id=TENKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+trinities+of+the+ancients+robert&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk8ZqO8Z2FAxUHD1kFHXMrB1wQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=sol%20saturn%20jupiter&f=false
Smith (2020; in Ferrara and Huffmon, 2020, p. 49 note 115):
Glorian. The Prayer of the Lord:
https://glorian.org/learn/courses-and-lectures/defense-for-spiritual-warfare/the-prayer-of-the-lord
Rev. Vernon-Harcourt (1838) (Vol. 1 p. 365):
Massey (1907) (Vol. 2 p. 636):
Churchward (1924):
-2000 edition (pp. 241-242, 308, and 349):
-2015 edition:
Acharya S (1999) (P. 179):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Memphis:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Memphis-ancient-city-Egypt
Exodus 3:14 (Interlinear):
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/exodus/3-14.htm
Bible Hub. Strong’s Hebrew. 834. asher:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/834.htm
Propp (1998):
https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/article/santa-and-his-asherah/
-Endnote 3:
https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/endnote/endnote-3-santa-and-his-asherah/
Albright (1925):
Harwood (2017) (P. 43):
Dunlap (1894 [1898 edition]) (P. 77):
Smith (1876) (PP. 54-55, 66, and 68):
Spence (1916) (P. 210):
The Met Museum. Osiris-Iah:
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/548421
Hart (2005) (P. 77):
https://books.google.com/books?id=0L83uBijeZwC&pg=PA77&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Gabriel-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_gabriel.html
St. Gabriel Catholic Church. St. Gabriel the Archangel:
https://www.stgabrielpo.org/st--gabriel-s-history
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Thoth:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thoth#:~:text=Thoth%2C%20in%20Egyptian%20religion%2C%20a,shared%20with%20the%20goddess%20Seshat.
Boylan (1922) (P. 102 note 1):
https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-8LAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=hermes+sun+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu2sq1zOOCAxULD1kFHQ8tCnIQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=hermes%20&f=false
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Raphael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_raphael.html
Knohl (2010):
https://www.academia.edu/34528484/Pharaohs_War_with_the_Israelites_e_Untold_Story_srael_nohl
-V2:
https://azure.org.il/article.php?id=543
Mammadov (2021) (PP. 104-105):
Bois (2010) (P. 363):
Exodus 19:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/19.htm
Exodus 20:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/20.htm
Wake (1870) (P. 211):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-nFQAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA211&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
-V2 (P. 59; full paper starts on p. 33):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zuQlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA59&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
Murdoch (2014) (P. 430):
Acharya S (2004) (P. 121):
Budge (1904 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 2 p. 130):
-V2:
Pinch (2004) (P. 114):
Were Adam and Eve Real?
https://demythifyinggod.blogspot.com/2019/11/the-real-adam-and-eve.html
Mackenzie (1917) (PP. xxvii-xxviii, and 171):
Leisegang (1955; in Campbell, 1955 [1978 edition]) (Vol. 2 p. 257):
Budge (1923):
4.) Khnum:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Khnum:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khnum
Cook (1914) (Vol. 1):
Meyersohn (2023) (The Arrival: Assembly of the seven was described in the Book of Genesis [pp. 6-7]):
Cornell (2019):
https://www.asor.org/anetoday/2019/11/Judeans-and-Goddesses-at-Elephantine/
Schipper (2020) (The Persian Period, 5.4: Egypt and the "Jewish/Arameans" of Elephantine):
Kent (2020) (P. 12):
Pope (2016) (PP. 98 and 106):
Hillel (2006) (P. 94):
Genesis 2:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/2.htm
University of Pennsylvania. Discentes. Seth, a Dynamic and Enigmatic God. April 23, 2023:
https://web.sas.upenn.edu/discentes/2023/04/23/seth-a-dynamic-and-enigmatic-god/
Johnson (2017) (P. 125):
Budge (1969 [2013 edition]) (P. 66):
Pinch (2004) (P. 114):
Mackenzie (1917) (P. 171):
5.) Seth:
Blatvasky (1891):
The Gospel of the Birth of Mary (Platt, Jr., 1926 translation, p. 17):
https://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/lbob/lbob05.htm
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Seth:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seth-Egyptian-god
Genesis 4:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/genesis/4.htm
Wake (1888):
Genesis 10:
-BSB:
https://biblehub.com/bsb/genesis/10.htm
-NIV:
https://biblehub.com/niv/genesis/10.htm
-KJB:
https://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/10.htm
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cronus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cronus
Velde (1967):
Assmann (2003) (P. 228):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hyksos:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hyksos-Egyptian-dynasty
Seters (1966 [2010 edition]):
https://books.google.com/books?id=PJ9MAwAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Kaiser (1998) (P. 81):
Harris (2015) (P. 96; from Levy, Schneider, and Propp, 2015):
Titus (2019):
Fant and Reddish (2008):
Exodus 4:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/exodus/4.htm
Numbers 22:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/numbers/22.htm
Judges 15:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/judges/15.htm
Matthew 21:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/matthew/21.htm
Mark 11:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/mark/11.htm
Luke 19:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/luke/19.htm
The Gospel of the Birth of Mary (Platt, Jr., 1926 translation, p. 17):
https://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/lbob/lbob05.htm
Romer (2015):
V1:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Seth:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seth-Egyptian-god
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Michael-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_michael.htm
Exodus 15:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Saturn:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Saturn-god
Hart (2005) (P. 77):
Litwa (2019):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en
-V3:
University of Pennsylvania. Discentes. Seth, a Dynamic and Enigmatic God. April 23, 2023:
https://web.sas.upenn.edu/discentes/2023/04/23/seth-a-dynamic-and-enigmatic-god/
https://egyptianmuseumcairo.eg/artefacts/statue-of-ramses-iii-between-horus-and-seth/
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Anael-Angelic and Planetary Correspondences:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_anael.html
British Museum. magical gem; intaglio:
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1986-0501-97
University of Pennsylvania. Discentes. Seth, a Dynamic and Enigmatic God. April 23, 2023:
https://web.sas.upenn.edu/discentes/2023/04/23/seth-a-dynamic-and-enigmatic-god/
Louvre Collections. Figurines: AO 11598:
https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010136311
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Zeus:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zeus
Stantis et al., (2020) (Conclusions, para. 2):
Tercatin (2020):
Agranat-Tamir et al., (2020) (Highlights; Summary; Discussion):
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30487-6
David (2020):
Laden (2024):
Mitchell (2018) (P. 145):
Budge (1904) (Vol. 1):
Budge (1904) (Vol. 2):
Budge (2004 [2013 edition]):
Wake (1870) (P. 211):
https://books.google.com/books?id=-nFQAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA211&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
-V2 (P. 59; full paper starts on p. 33):
https://books.google.com/books?id=zuQlAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA59&dq=bunsen+set+tet+thoth&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv3OvMpp2DAxU9LVkFHdvSDzsQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=bunsen%20set%20tet%20thoth&f=false
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Thoth:
7.) Aton:
University of Cambridge and Monash University. American Research Center in Egypt. Stevens, Anna. Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Aten: From Many Gods to One:
https://www.arce.org/resource/akhenaten-nefertiti-aten-many-gods-one
Dawson (1888) (P. 369):
https://books.google.com/books?id=rJsTAAAAQAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA369&dq=adonai+aten&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity&ov2=1#v=onepage&q=adonai%20aten&f=false
Gertoux (n.d.). The Akhenaten's reign: an egyptological delirium! Academia:
https://www.academia.edu/4955056/The_Akhenatens_reign_an_egyptological_delirium_
Bible Hub. Strong's Hebrew: 136. Adonay:
https://biblehub.com/hebrew/136.htm
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Aton:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aton
Coulter and Turner (2000 [2013 edition]) (PP. 13 and 404):
Studies in Biblical Theology (1967 [1973 edition]) (P. 70):
Martin, Jr. (2021) (P. 44):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Seth:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seth-Egyptian-god
Clair (1898):
Budge (1969 [2013 edition]) (P. 66):
Martin, Jr. (2021) (P. 44):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Seth:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seth-Egyptian-god
Clair (1898):
Bagnall and Tallet (2019) (P. 94):
Wyatt (2001) (P. 217):
National Geographic Books (2008) (P. 81):
Saeed (2016; from Price et al., 2016) (Section 2 Ch. 10):
Shorter (2009) (P. 7):
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Shu:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shu-Egyptian-god
Dunlap (1858) (PP. 109-110):
Ngo (2018):
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/news/seals-of-isaiah-and-king-hezekiah-discovered-exhibit/
Taylor (1993):
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/psalms/84.htm
Massey (1907 [2013 edition]) (Vol. 1, p. 501):
https://books.google.com/books?id=QcBYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA501&dq=iah+egyptian+god&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZkIjt97v9AhX9LFkFHV1zBRQQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=iah%20egyptian%20god&f=false
-(V2) Vol. 1, pp. 498-499):
https://books.google.com/books?id=3k4XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA498&dq=Atum+IHUH&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim_pXZ54mCAxXwD1kFHUR9AuQQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=Atum%20IHUH&f=false
Deuteronomy 32:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/deuteronomy/32.htm
Daniel 12:
https://biblehub.com/nasb_/daniel/12.htm
Archangels and Angels. Archangel Michael-Angelic and Planetary Symbols:
http://www.archangels-and-angels.com/aa_pages/correspondences/angel_planet/archangel_michael.htm
Budge (1923):
Litwa (2019):
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Evil_Creator/hXU-EAAAQBAJ?hl=en
Epiphaneus. Panarion. Book 1 Section 2 Number 26. 10.1-10.3 (Williams, 2009 translation) (P. 98):
Budge (2004 [2013 edition]):
3.4. Viracocha: Saturn of South America:
Now, we're in South America.
Viracocha was the "creator deity originally worshipped by the pre-Inca inhabitants of Peru and later assimilated into the Inca pantheon," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Viracocha, para. 1). He appeared on Lake Titicaca, where "Darkness reigned as neither the sun nor moon had been created," (Salles-Reese, 1997, p. 53). He later created the sun, moon, "the rest of the heavens and the earth," with "giants and mankind, along with animals and all things," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Viracocha, para. 1) (Salles-Reese, 1997, p. 53). Viracocha created humans with clay, and taught them culture and survival. He later sent a flood to destroy humans because they didn't follow his laws. A few humans managed to survive though. It is said that Viracocha was a distant god, leaving other gods in control of the world (Salles-Reese, 1997, p. 53) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Viracocha, para. 2). Viracocha was a water god, and was described as "an old man with a beard (a symbol of water gods) and a long robe and carrying a staff," (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Viracocha, para. 1) (Salles-Reese, 1997, p. 54).
Viracocha is identical to Ea, and Atum. Therefore, he was the Saturn of South America.
Links:
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Viracocha:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viracocha
Salles-Reese (1997) (P. 53):
3.5. The Great Spirit: Saturn of North America:
Finally, we're in North America.
The creator god of Native America is called the Great Spirit. When Christians first met the Native Americans, they called the Great Spirit the Christian god. In fact, "many Native American people consider the Great Spirit and the Christian God to be one and the same." However, not every Native American believed this, saying that "today's notion of the Great Spirit was commonly constructed by [Christian] missionaries." Like the Christian god, however, the Great Spirit has many names. This is due to many Native American tribes worshipping him (Native Languages of the Americas, 1998, Native American Indian Legends and Stories About the Great Spirit).
Despite the condemnations of some Native Americans, the Great Spirit is the same entity as the Christian god. Out of all the names of the Great Spirit given, we will focus on one name in particular: Gitchi Manitou, also spelled as Gichi Manidoo (Native Languages of the Americas, 1998, Native American Legends: Gitchi Manitou) (Native Languages of the Americas, 1998, Native American Indian Legends and Stories About the Great Spirit). Gitchi Manitou, whose "name literally means Great Spirit," is the god of the Algonquian tribes. He started out as having no gender and was "abstract," but later on he became a masculine deity. He was also equated to the Christian god (Native Languages of the Americas, 1998, Native American Legends: Gitchi Manitou). In the Ojibwe Creation Story, Gitchi Manitou "created plants, animals, and people (in his image) and placed them on the Earth." When humans started to cause trouble, Gitchi Manitou sent a flood "to cleanse the Earth." The humans perished, except for the "semi-divine being" Wenebojo (Study.com, Native American Creation Myths Stories and Beliefs, Native American Creations Myths: The Ojibwe Creation Story, para. 1).
Just to note, the Native American Chickasaw tribe called Gitchi Manitou "Ababinili" ("'one who sits above' or 'dwells above'"). However, "under Christian influence," he was given the name "Inki Abu" ("Father Above"). Ababinili was a creator, and sun, god (Native Languages of the Americas, 1998, Native American Legends: Ababinili) (The Chickasaw Nation, Religion, para. 3). Hmm... Inki Abu? Enki and Apsu-Abzu? Enki, is that you!?
The Great Spirit of the Native American religion was Saturn.
Links:
Native Languages of the Americas. 1998. Native American Indian Legends and Stories About the Great Spirit:
http://www.native-languages.org/great-spirit.htm
Native Languages of the Americas. 1998. Native American Legends: Gitchi Manitou:
http://www.native-languages.org/gitchi-manitou.htm
Study.com. Native American Creation Myths Stories and Beliefs:
Native Languages of the Americas. 1998. Native American Legends: Ababinili:
http://www.native-languages.org/morelegends/ababinili.htm
The Chickasaw Nation. Religion:
https://www.chickasaw.net/Our-Nation/Culture/Religion
The demon deity was the shining god, represented by the sun and the planet Saturn. Its symbols include the goatfish/Capricorn, the ram, the bull, and Aquarius. The most iconic symbol of this entity is the hexagram, and then the pentagram. The hexagram is physically located on the planet Saturn. The demon deity can be male, and female. It has a trinity, or seven personas represented by the sun, moon, and the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. It is the leader of demonic and harmful entities, and demands human sacrifice as part of its worship. Other animals are sacrificed as well. This demon is the god and goddess of every religious pantheon, including the Bible and the Qur'an.
3.) Anael/Seth (Venus).
4.) Michael/Davides (Sun).
5.) Samael/Eloaeus/Adonaeus (Mars).
6.) Sachiel-Asariel/Yaldabaoth/Elilaeus (Jupiter).
7.) Cassiel/Sabaoth/Yaldabaoth (Saturn).